目录号 | 产品详情 | 靶点 | |
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TP1070L | PACAP | ||
PACAP (1-27), human, ovine, rat acetate (PACAP 1-27 acetate)(127317-03-7 free base) 是一种新的神经肽,最初从牛下丘脑中分离出来,也存在于人和大鼠中。 | |||
TP1359L | Beta Amyloid | ||
Amyloid β Peptide (42-1)(human) acetate 是淀粉样蛋白 β 肽 (1-42) 的无活性形式。Amyloid β Peptide (42-1)(human) acetate 是由 42 个氨基酸组成的肽,其在阿尔茨海默病的发病机制中起关键作用。 | |||
TP1705 | Others | ||
Gastrin I (1-14), human 是人胃泌素 I 肽的 1-14 片段。其中Gastrin I 是内源性胃肠肽激素。Gastrin 是胃酸分泌的主要激素调节剂。 | |||
TP1004L | Melanocortin Receptor | ||
Beta-MSH (1-22) (human) acetate (Beta-MSH (1-22) (human) acetate (17908-57-5 Free base)) 是一种 22 肽,是一种内源性黑皮质素 4 受体 (MC4-R) 激动剂。 | |||
T21484 | Others | ||
BNP (1-32), human 是一种脑利钠肽。 | |||
TP2030L1 | cholecystokinin | ||
Gastrin I (human) acetate (Gastrin-17 acetate) 是在胃中产生的内源性肽,通过胆囊收缩素 2 (CCK2) 受体增加胃酸分泌。 | |||
TP1842L | Endogenous Metabolite | ||
Angiotensinogen (1-14), human acetate 是血管紧张素原的片段,它是肾素-血管紧张素系统的被动底物。 | |||
TP1863L | Glucagon Receptor | ||
Glucagon (19-29), human acetate 是一种从胰高血糖素加工而来的 COOH 末端片段,是一种有效的胰岛素分泌抑制剂。 | |||
TP1949L | GPCR19 | ||
PEN (human) aceate 是丰富的下丘脑神经肽之一,源自 ProSAAS 前蛋白,是 GPR83 的内源性配体。 | |||
TP1453 | Others | ||
Tau protein (592-597), Human TFA 是人 Tau 蛋白的肽片段。 |
目录号 | 产品名/同用名 | 种属 | 表达系统 | ||
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TMPY-00811 | Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Glycoprotein B/gB Protein | CMV | HEK293 | ||
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) (human herpesvirus 5) glycoprotein B, also referred as CMV gB or gB, which belongs to the herpesviridae glycoprotein B family. It is a 97-amino acid glycoprotein encoded by the ORF of UL55. Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein B protein is the most abundant component of the envelope, a target of neutralizing antibodies with at least two defined neutralizing epitopes and an essential replication component. Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein B protein plays important roles in HCMV entry, cell-cell spread of internal virions, and fusion of infected cells. In addition, Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein B protein is one envelope protein capable of heparin binding. It forms a physical association with host cell annexin II independent of the presence of calcium.
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TMPY-01201 | Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Glycoprotein B/gB Protein (His) | CMV | HEK293 | ||
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) (human herpesvirus 5) glycoprotein B, also referred as CMV gB or gB, which belongs to the herpesviridae glycoprotein B family. It is a 97-amino acid glycoprotein encoded by the ORF of UL55. Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein B protein is the most abundant component of the envelope, a target of neutralizing antibodies with at least two defined neutralizing epitopes and an essential replication component. Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein B protein plays important roles in HCMV entry, cell-cell spread of internal virions, and fusion of infected cells. In addition, Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein B protein is one envelope protein capable of heparin binding. It forms a physical association with host cell annexin II independent of the presence of calcium.
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TMPH-00007 | HMGCR Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Catalyzes the conversion of (3S)-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) to mevalonic acid, the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of cholesterol and other isoprenoids, thus plays a critical role in cellular cholesterol homeostasis. HMGCR is the main target of statins, a class of cholesterol-lowering drugs.
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TMPH-00009 | OGT Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & SUMO) | Human | E. coli | ||
Catalyzes the transfer of a single N-acetylglucosamine from UDP-GlcNAc to a serine or threonine residue in cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins resulting in their modification with a beta-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc). Glycosylates a large and diverse number of proteins including histone H2B, AKT1, EZH2, PFKL, KMT2E/MLL5, MAPT/TAU and HCFC1. Can regulate their cellular processes via cross-talk between glycosylation and phosphorylation or by affecting proteolytic processing. Probably by glycosylating KMT2E/MLL5, stabilizes KMT2E/MLL5 by preventing its ubiquitination. Involved in insulin resistance in muscle and adipocyte cells via glycosylating insulin signaling components and inhibiting the 'Thr-308' phosphorylation of AKT1, enhancing IRS1 phosphorylation and attenuating insulin signaling. Involved in glycolysis regulation by mediating glycosylation of 6-phosphofructokinase PFKL, inhibiting its activity. Component of a THAP1/THAP3-HCFC1-OGT complex that is required for the regulation of the transcriptional activity of RRM1. Plays a key role in chromatin structure by mediating O-GlcNAcylation of 'Ser-112' of histone H2B: recruited to CpG-rich transcription start sites of active genes via its interaction with TET proteins (TET1, TET2 or TET3). As part of the NSL complex indirectly involved in acetylation of nucleosomal histone H4 on several lysine residues. O-GlcNAcylation of 'Ser-75' of EZH2 increases its stability, and facilitating the formation of H3K27me3 by the PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex. Regulates circadian oscillation of the clock genes and glucose homeostasis in the liver. Stabilizes clock proteins ARNTL/BMAL1 and CLOCK through O-glycosylation, which prevents their ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Promotes the CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1-mediated transcription of genes in the negative loop of the circadian clock such as PER1/2 and CRY1/2. O-glycosylates HCFC1 and regulates its proteolytic processing and transcriptional activity. Regulates mitochondrial motility in neurons by mediating glycosylation of TRAK1. Glycosylates HOXA1. O-glycosylates FNIP1.; the mitochondrial isoform (mOGT) is cytotoxic and triggers apoptosis in several cell types including INS1, an insulinoma cell line.
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TMPH-00010 | MMP-14 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & SUMO) | Human | E. coli | ||
Endopeptidase that degrades various components of the extracellular matrix such as collagen. Activates progelatinase A. Essential for pericellular collagenolysis and modeling of skeletal and extraskeletal connective tissues during development. May be involved in actin cytoskeleton reorganization by cleaving PTK7. Acts as a positive regulator of cell growth and migration via activation of MMP15. Involved in the formation of the fibrovascular tissues in association with pro-MMP2. Cleaves ADGRB1 to release vasculostatin-40 which inhibits angiogenesis.
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TMPJ-01470 | SCF Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | E.coli | ||
Stem Cell Factor (SCF) is a hematopoietic growth factor that exerts its activity at the early stages of hematopoiesis. SCF stimulates the proliferation of myeloid, erythroid, and lymphoid progenitors in bone marrow cultures and has been shown to act synergistically with colony stimulating factors.
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TMPY-00810 | Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Glycoprotein B/gB Protein (hFc) | CMV | HEK293 | ||
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) (human herpesvirus 5) glycoprotein B, also referred as CMV gB or gB, which belongs to the herpesviridae glycoprotein B family. It is a 97-amino acid glycoprotein encoded by the ORF of UL55. Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein B protein is the most abundant component of the envelope, a target of neutralizing antibodies with at least two defined neutralizing epitopes and an essential replication component. Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein B protein plays important roles in HCMV entry, cell-cell spread of internal virions, and fusion of infected cells. In addition, Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein B protein is one envelope protein capable of heparin binding. It forms a physical association with host cell annexin II independent of the presence of calcium.
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TMPY-00812 | Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Glycoprotein B/gB Protein (aa 1-700, hFc) | CMV | HEK293 | ||
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) (human herpesvirus 5) glycoprotein B, also referred as CMV gB or gB, which belongs to the herpesviridae glycoprotein B family. It is a 97-amino acid glycoprotein encoded by the ORF of UL55. Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein B protein is the most abundant component of the envelope, a target of neutralizing antibodies with at least two defined neutralizing epitopes and an essential replication component. Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein B protein plays important roles in HCMV entry, cell-cell spread of internal virions, and fusion of infected cells. In addition, Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein B protein is one envelope protein capable of heparin binding. It forms a physical association with host cell annexin II independent of the presence of calcium.
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TMPJ-01471 | Activin A Protein, Human, Mouse, Rat, Cynomolgus, Rhesus, Recombinant | Human/Mouse/Rat | Human Cells | ||
Activin and inhibin are two closely related protein complexes that have almost directly opposite biological effects. Activins, members of the TGF-beta superfamily, are disulfide-linked dimeric proteins originally purified from gonadal fluids as proteins that stimulated pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) release. Inhibins/activins are involved in regulating a number of diverse functions such as hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion, gonadal hormone secretion, germ cell development and maturation, erythroid differentiation, insulin secretion, nerve cell survival, embryonic axial development or bone growth, depending on their subunit composition. Activins are homodimers or heterodimers of the various beta subunit isoforms, while inhibins are heterodimers of a unique alpha subunit and one of the various beta subunits.
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TMPK-01466 | HLA-A*02:01&B2M&HPV 16 E6 (KLPQLCTEL) Tetramer Protein, Human, MHC (His & Avi) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 infection is a necessary condition for the pathogenesis and development of cervical cancer. The E6 protein is expressed by the HPV16 E6 gene and promotes malignant phenotype transformation, which is an important mechanism for the occurrence and development of cervical cancer.
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TMPK-01467 | HLA-A*02:01&B2M&HPV 16 E6 (KLPQLCTEL) Monomer Protein, Human, MHC (His & Avi) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 infection is a necessary condition for the pathogenesis and development of cervical cancer. The E6 protein is expressed by the HPV16 E6 gene and promotes malignant phenotype transformation, which is an important mechanism for the occurrence and development of cervical cancer.
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TMPH-01773 | ELANE Protein, Human, Recombinant (GST) | Human | E. coli | ||
Modifies the functions of natural killer cells, monocytes and granulocytes. Inhibits C5a-dependent neutrophil enzyme release and chemotaxis. Capable of killing E.coli but not S.aureus in vitro; digests outer membrane protein A (ompA) in E.coli and K.pneumoniae.
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TMPJ-01099 | IL-15RA Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc)(Human Cells) | Human | Human Cells | ||
Interleukin 15 Receptor alpha (IL-15Rα) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that plays a pleiotropic role in immune development and function, including the positive maintenance of lymphocyte homeostasis. IL-15Rα chain can bind soluble IL-15 and “transpresent” cytokine to the cells, allowing them to respond to IL-15. Soluble IL-15Rα can function as a specific high-affinity IL-15 antagonist. The soluble IL-15/IL-15Rα complexes exhibit a strong agonistic activity which is mediated through membrane-bound IL-15 receptor β and γ heterodimers and enables signaling to cells.
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TMPY-03782 | Albumin Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | Yeast | ||
Albumin Protein, Human, Recombinant is expressed in HEK293 cells.
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TMPY-00875 | Leptin Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | E. coli | ||
Leptin is one of the most important hormones secreted by adipocytes, as an adipokine that modulates multiple functions including energy homeostasis, thermoregulation, bone metabolism, endocrine, and pro-inflammatory immune responses. The circulating leptin levels serve as a gauge of energy stores, thereby directing the regulation of energy homeostasis, neuroendocrine function, and metabolism. Recent studies suggest that leptin is physiologically more important as an indicator of energy deficiency, rather than energy excess, and may mediate adaptation by driving increased food intake and directing neuroendocrine function to converse energy, such as inducing hypothalamic hypogonadism to prevent fertilization. One of these functions is the connection between nutritional status and immune competence. The adipocyte-derived hormone Leptin has been shown to regulate the immune response, innate, and adaptive response, both in normal and pathological conditions. Thus, Leptin is a mediator of the inflammatory response. Leptin has a dual effect on bone, acting by two independent mechanisms. As a signal molecule with growth factor characteristics, leptin can stimulate osteoblastic cells and inhibit osteoclast formation and activity, thus promoting osteogenesis. However, as a molecule that stimulates sympathetic neurons in the hypothalamus, leptin indirectly inhibits bone formation. This inhibitory effect of leptin mediated by activation of the sympathetic nervous system can be abrogated by the application of blood pressure-reducing beta-blockers, which also inhibit receptors of hypothalamic adrenergic neurons. Leptin appears to regulate some features defining Alzheimer's disease (AD) at the molecular and physiological level. Leptin can stimulate mitogenic and angiogenic processes in peripheral organs. Because leptin levels are elevated in obese individuals and excess body weight has been shown to increase breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women. Furthermore, a recent report clearly shows that targeting leptin signaling may reduce mammary carcinogenesis.
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TMPY-00395 | Insulin Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | Yeast | ||
INS (Insulin) is a Protein Coding gene. This gene encodes insulin, a peptide hormone that plays a vital role in the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. After removal of the precursor signal peptide, proinsulin is post-translationally cleaved into three peptides: the B chain and A chain peptides, which are covalently linked via two disulfide bonds to form insulin, and C-peptide. The binding of insulin to the insulin receptor (INSR) stimulates glucose uptake. Diseases associated with INS include Hyperproinsulinemia and Maturity-Onset Diabetes Of The Young, Type 10. A multitude of mutant alleles with phenotypic effects has been identified, including insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus, maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 10, and hyperproinsulinemia.Cancer ImmunotherapyImmune CheckpointImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPJ-00541 | CD177 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | Human Cells | ||
CD177 is polymorphic and has at least two alleles: PRV1 and NB1. Human PRV1 is a Glycosyl-Phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked cell surface glycoprotein that belongs to the uPAR/CD59/Ly6 family of receptors. PRV1 is expressed by neutrophils and neutrophil precursors,and changes in expression serve as diagnostic markers for myeloproliferative disorders such as polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia. PRV1 may also be expressed by Erythroblasts, B cells, and Monocytes. NB1, a Glycosyl-Phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked cell surface glycoprotein, was first described in a case of neonatal alloimmune neutropenia. It is reported that CD177 functions as a novel heterophilic binding partner that engages PECAM-1 in membrane-proximal IgD6.
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TMPJ-00042 | TSLP Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | E. coli | ||
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a novel member of the hemopoietic cytokine family that promotes the development of B cells and shares overlapping activity with IL-7. The human TSLP protein comprises a 28 amino acids (aa) signal sequence and 131 aa mature region. Human TSLP has two isoforms lfTSLP and sfTSLP produced by alternative splicing . lfTSLP is expressed in a number of tissues including heart, liver and prostate, and sfTSLP (63aa) is predominantly expressed in keratinocytes of oral mucosa, skin and in salivary glands. In aa sequence level, Human TSLP displays about 43% identity with mouse TSLP.TSLP is a cytokine that functions mainly on myeloid cells; it induces the release of T cell-attracting chemokines from monocytes and enhances the maturation of CD11c(+) dendritic cells.TSLP has proliferative effects on the myeloid cell line and may initiate asthma or atopic dermatitis responses by directly activating mast cells . TSLP signals cells via the interleukin-7 receptor-α chain (IL-7Rα),shared with IL-7, together with the TSLP receptor (TSLPR) subunit. Recent studies indicate that TSLP and its receptor are novel therapeutic targets for rheumatoid arthritis,for increased intraarticular TSLP concentrations in patients has caused chemotaxis and activation of arthritogenic T cells.
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TMPY-03484 | TCPTP Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2, also known as T-cell protein-tyrosine phosphatase, PTPN2 and PTPT, is a cytoplasm protein that belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family and Non-receptor class 1 subfamily. Members of the protein tyrosine phosphatase ( PTP ) family share a highly conserved catalytic motif, which is essential for the catalytic activity. TC-PTP / PTPN2 is a cytosolic tyrosine phosphatase that functions as a negative regulator of a variety of tyrosine kinases and other signaling proteins. The expression of TC-PTP / PTPN2 plays a role of tumor suppressor and may modulate response to treatment. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. Epidermal growth factor receptor and the adaptor protein Shc were reported to be substrates of this PTP, which suggested the roles in growth factor mediated cell signaling. TC-PTP / PTPN2 is an enzyme that is essential for the proper functioning of the immune system and that participates in the control of cell proliferation, and inflammation. TC-PTP / PTPN2 was identified as a negative regulator of NUP214-ABL1 kinase activity.
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TMPH-01070 | CD177 Protein, Human, Recombinant (GST & His) | Human | E. coli | ||
In association with beta-2 integrin heterodimer ITGAM/CD11b and ITGB2/CD18, mediates activation of TNF-alpha primed neutrophils including degranulation and superoxide production. In addition, by preventing beta-2 integrin internalization and attenuating chemokine signaling favors adhesion over migration. Heterophilic interaction with PECAM1 on endothelial cells plays a role in neutrophil transendothelial migration in vitro. However, appears to be dispensable for neutrophil recruitment caused by bacterial infection in vivo. Acts as a receptor for the mature form of protease PRTN3 allowing its display at the cell surface of neutrophils. By displaying PRTN3 at the neutrophil cell surface, may play a role in enhancing endothelial cell junctional integrity and thus vascular integrity during neutrophil diapedesis.
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TMPY-01560 | EGF Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | E. coli | ||
EGF is the founding member of the EGF-family of proteins. Members of this protein family have highly similar structural and functional characteristics. EGF contains 9 EGF-like domains and 9 LDL-receptor class B repeats. Human EGF is a 6045-Da protein with 53 amino acid residues and three intramolecular disulfide bonds. As a low-molecular-weight polypeptide, EGF was first purified from the mouse submandibular gland, but since then it was found in many human tissues including submandibular gland, parotid gland. It can also be found in human platelets, macrophages, urine, saliva, milk, and plasma. EGF is a growth factor that stimulates the growth of various epidermal and epithelial tissues in vivo and in vitro and of some fibroblasts in cell culture. It results in cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Salivary EGF, which seems also regulated by dietary inorganic iodine, also plays an important physiological role in the maintenance of oro-esophageal and gastric tissue integrity. EGF acts by binding with high affinity to epidermal growth factor receptor on the cell surface and stimulating the intrinsic protein-tyrosine kinase activity of the receptor. The tyrosine kinase activity, in turn, initiates a signal transduction cascade that results in a variety of biochemical changes within the cell - a rise in intracellular calcium levels, increased glycolysis and protein synthesis, and increases in the expression of certain genes including the gene for EGFR - that ultimately lead to DNA synthesis and cell proliferation.
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TMPY-02881 | RAGE Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | HEK293 | ||
Receptor for Advanced Glycosylation End Products (RAGE, or AGER) is a member of the immunoglobulin super-family transmembrane proteins, as a signal transduction receptor which binds advanced glycation endproducts, certain members of the S100/calgranulin family of proteins, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), advanced oxidation protein products, and amyloid (beta-sheet fibrils). Initial studies investigating the role of RAGE in renal dysfunction focused on diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and inflammatory responses. However, RAGE also has roles in the pathogenesis of renal disorders that are not associated with diabetes, such as obesity-related glomerulopathy, doxorubicin-induced nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy, lupus nephritis, renal amyloidosis, and ischemic renal injuries. RAGE represents an important factor in innate immunity against pathogens, but it also interacts with endogenous ligands, resulting in chronic inflammation. RAGE signaling has been implicated in multiple human illnesses, including atherosclerosis, arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis and aging associated diseases.
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TMPY-02327 | HGF Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | CHO | ||
Hepatocyte growth factor, also known as HGF, contains 4 kringle domains, 1 PAN domain, and 1 peptidase S1 domain. It belongs to the peptidase S1 family, plasminogen subfamily. The hepatocyte growth factor is secreted by mesenchymal cells as a single inactive polypeptide and is cleaved by serine proteases into a 69-kDa alpha-chain and 34-kDa beta-chain. A disulfide bond between the alpha and beta chains produces the active, heterodimeric molecule. The hepatocyte growth factor regulates cell growth, cell motility, and morphogenesis by activating a tyrosine kinase signaling cascade after binding to the proto-oncogenic c-Met receptor, and acts as a multi-functional cytokine on cells of mainly epithelial origin. Its ability to stimulate mitogenesis, cell motility and matrix invasion give it a central role in angiogenesis, tumorogenesis, and tissue regeneration. HGF is a potent mitogen for mature parenchymal hepatocyte cells, seems to be an hepatotrophic factor, and acts as a growth factor for a broad spectrum of tissues and cell types. HGF has no detectable protease activity. Defects in hepatocyte growth factor are the cause of deafness autosomal recessive type 39. A form of profound prelingual sensorineural hearing loss. Sensorineural deafness results from damage to the neural receptors of the inner ear, the nerve pathways to the brain, or the area of the brain that receives sound information.Cancer ImmunotherapyImmune CheckpointImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-04330 | Mer Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | HEK293 | ||
Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase MER (MERTK) is a member of the MER/AXL/TYRO3 receptor kinase family and encodes a transmembrane protein with two fibronectin type-III domains, two Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domains, and one tyrosine kinase domain. MERTK is localized in the membrane and is no expressed in normal B- and T-lymphocytes but is expressed in numerous neoplastic B- and T-cell lines. This protein is highly expressed in the testis, ovary, prostate, lung, and kidney, with lower expression in the spleen, small intestine, colon, and liver. MERTK regulates many physiological processes including cell survival, migration, differentiation, and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis). Ligand binding at the cell surface induces autophosphorylation of MERTK on its intracellular domain that provides docking sites for downstream signaling molecules. MERTK signaling plays a role in various processes such as macrophage clearance of apoptotic cells, platelet aggregation, cytoskeleton reorganization, and engulfment. MERTK plays also an important role in the inhibition of Toll-like receptors (TLRs)-mediated innate immune response by activating STAT1, which selectively induces the production of suppressors of cytokine signaling SOCS1 and SOCS3. Defects in MERTK are the cause of retinitis pigmentosa type 38.
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TMPY-01010 | NGF Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | CHO | ||
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is important for the development and maintenance of the sympathetic and sensory nervous systems. NGF protein was identified as a large complex consisting of three non-covalently linked subunits, α, β, and γ, among which, the β subunit, called β-NGF (beta-NGF), was demonstrated to exhibits the growth-stimulating activity of NGF protein. NGFB/beta-NGF gene is a member of the NGF-beta family and encodes a secreted protein that homodimerizes and is incorporated into a larger complex. NGF protein acts via at least two receptors on the surface of cells (TrkA and p75 receptors) to regulate neuronal survival, promote neurite outgrowth, and up-regulate certain neuronal functions such as mediation of pain and inflammation. Also, previous studies indicated that NGF may also have an important role in the regulation of the immune system.
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TMPY-00132 | Mesothelin Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | HEK293 | ||
The megakaryocyte potentiating factor belongs to the mesothelin family. This family is comprised of several mammalian pre-pro-megakaryocyte potentiating factor precursor (MPF) or mesothelin proteins. Mesothelin is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked glycoprotein highly expressed in mesothelial cells, mesotheliomas, and ovarian cancer, but the biological function of the protein is not known. Megakaryocyte potentiating factor is highly expressed in mesotheliomas, ovarian cancers, and some squamous cell carcinomas (at protein level). It interacts with MUC16 and potentiates megakaryocyte colony formation in vitro. Megakaryocyte potentiating factor is secreted by several mesothelioma cell lines and is frequently elevated in the blood of patients with mesothelioma. Measurement of this protein may be useful in following the response of mesothelioma to treatment.Cancer ImmunotherapyImmune CheckpointImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-04104 | LIF Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | HEK293 | ||
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a pleiotropic glycoprotein belonging to the IL-6 family of cytokines. It is involved in growth promotion and cell differentiation of different types of target cells, influence bone metabolism, cachexia, neural development, embryogenesis, and inflammation. LIF has potent proinflammatory properties, being the inducer of the acute phase protein synthesis and affecting cell recruitment into the area of damage or inflammation. LIF is also one of the cytokines that are capable to regulate the differentiation of embryonic stem cells, hematopoietic, and neuronal cells. LIF binds to the specific LIF receptor (LIFR-α) which forms a heterodimer with a specific subunit common to all members of that family of receptors, the GP130 signal-transducing subunit. This leads to the activation of the JAK/STAT and MAPK cascades. Due to its polyfunctional activities, LIF is involved in the pathogenic events and development of many diseases of various origins.
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TMPJ-01430 | NovoNectin Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | E. coli | ||
Fibronectin1(FN1) is a secreted protein and contains 12 fibronectin type-I domains,fibronectin type-II domains and 16 fibronectin type-III domains.Recombinant human fibronectin fragment, is a protein of ~63 kDa containing a central cell-binding domain, a high affinity heparin-binding domain II,and CS1 site within the alternatively spliced III CS region of human fibronectin. Cells bind to a VLA-4 ligand, a CS-I site, and a VLA-5 ligand, a cell attachment domain, and virus vectors binds to a heparin binding domain II, which co-locates the cell and the virus vector on NovoNectin. This process enhances the density of both cells and vectors, and facilitates the gene transduction in the result.
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TMPY-02234 | CXCL9 Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | E. coli | ||
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9), also known as Monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG), is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family. The function of this chemokine has not been specifically defined; however, it is thought to be involved in T cell trafficking. CXCL9/MIG functions as one of the three ligands of chemokine receptor CXCR3 which is a G protein-coupled receptor found predominantly on T cells. CXCL9/MIG, together with CXCL10 and CXCL11, may activate CXCR3 by binding to it. CXCL9 serves as a cytokine that affects the growth, movement, or activation state of cells that participate in immune and inflammatory response. It has been observed that tumour endothelial cells secrete high levels of CXCL9 in all, and CXCL10 in most melanoma metastases. Experiment data represent novel mechanisms by which tumour cells in melanoma metastases might use the chemokine-expressing endothelium to leave the tumour and eventually to form additional metastases at distinct sites. Experiment results also improved that CXCL9/MIG plays an important role in CD4+ T lymphocyte recruitment and development of CAV, MOMA-2+ macrophages are the predominant recipient-derived source of CXCL9/MIG, and recipient CD4 lymphocytes are necessary for sustained CXCL9/MIG production and CAV development in this model. Neutralization of the chemokine CXCL9/MIG may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of chronic rejection after heart transplantation.
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TMPH-02283 | USP18 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
USP18 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli with N-terminal 6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 47.1 kDa. Accession number: Q9UMW8
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TMPU-00003 | STAT2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Signal transducer and activator of transcription that mediates signaling by type I IFNs (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta). Following type I IFN binding to cell surface receptors, Jak kinases (TYK2 and JAK1) are activated, leading to tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2. The phosphorylated STATs dimerize, associate with ISGF3G/IRF-9 to form a complex termed ISGF3 transcription factor, that enters the nucleus. ISGF3 binds to the IFN stimulated response element (ISRE) to activate the transcription of interferon stimulated genes, which drive the cell in an antiviral state.
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TMPY-02970 | CXCL10 Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | E. coli | ||
(C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)10 (CXCL10) belongs to the ELR(-) CXC subfamily chemokine. CXCL10/IP-10 exerts its function through binding to chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3 (CXCR3), a seven trans-membrane receptor coupled to G proteins. CXCL10/IP-10 and its receptor, CXCR3, appear to contribute to the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases, organ specific (such as type 1 diabetes, autoimmune thyroiditis, Graves' disease and ophthalmopathy), or systemic (such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, mixed cryoglobulinemia, Sjögren syndrome, or systemic sclerosis). CXCL10/IP-10 is secreted by several cell types including endothelial cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, thyrocytes, preadipocytes, etc. Determination of high level of CXCL10/IP-10 in peripheral fluids is therefore a marker of host immune response.Cancer ImmunotherapyImmune CheckpointImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-01062 | EGF Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
EGF is the founding member of the EGF-family of proteins. Members of this protein family have highly similar structural and functional characteristics. EGF contains 9 EGF-like domains and 9 LDL-receptor class B repeats. Human EGF is a 6045-Da protein with 53 amino acid residues and three intramolecular disulfide bonds. As a low-molecular-weight polypeptide, EGF was first purified from the mouse submandibular gland, but since then it was found in many human tissues including submandibular gland, parotid gland. It can also be found in human platelets, macrophages, urine, saliva, milk, and plasma. EGF is a growth factor that stimulates the growth of various epidermal and epithelial tissues in vivo and in vitro and of some fibroblasts in cell culture. It results in cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Salivary EGF, which seems also regulated by dietary inorganic iodine, also plays an important physiological role in the maintenance of oro-esophageal and gastric tissue integrity. EGF acts by binding with high affinity to epidermal growth factor receptor on the cell surface and stimulating the intrinsic protein-tyrosine kinase activity of the receptor. The tyrosine kinase activity, in turn, initiates a signal transduction cascade that results in a variety of biochemical changes within the cell - a rise in intracellular calcium levels, increased glycolysis and protein synthesis, and increases in the expression of certain genes including the gene for EGFR - that ultimately lead to DNA synthesis and cell proliferation.
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TMPY-00545 | Dermcidin Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major contributor to cancer-related deaths due to its often late stage diagnosis, and dermcidin (DCD) may have the potential to be used as a serum biomarker for HCC for more timely diagnoses. Human dermcidin (DCD) is an antimicrobial peptide secreted constitutively by sweat glands. And the role of DCD in ischemic heart disease has drawn increasing attention in particular its relationship with insulin secretion and glycemic control, nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and hypertension, platelet aggregation and acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
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TMPY-01007 | VEGFC Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) is a member of the VEGF family. Upon biosynthesis, VEGF-C protein is secreted as a non-covalent momodimer in an anti-parellel fashion. VEGF-C protein is a dimeric glycoprotein, as a ligand for two receptors, VEGFR-3 (Flt4), and VEGFR-2. VEGF-C may function in angiogenesis of the venous and lymphatic vascular systems during embryogenesis. VEGF-C protein is over-expressed in various human cancers including breast cancer and prostate cancer. VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 axis, through different signaling pathways, plays a critical role in cancer progression by regulating different cellular functions, such as invasion, proliferation, and resistance to chemotherapy. Thus, targeting the VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 axis may be therapeutically significant for certain types of tumors.
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TMPY-05156 | ICOS Protein, Human, Recombinant (rFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Inducible costimulator (ICOS), also called AILIM (Activation-Inducible Lymphocyte Immunomediatory Molecule) is a cell-surface receptor and belongs to the CD28 family of immune costimulatory receptors consisting of CD28, CTLA-4, and PD-1. The interaction of B7-H2/ICOS plays a critical role in Th cell differentiation, T−B cell interactions which are essential for the germinal center formation, and humoral immune responses, and as well as the production of cytokine IL-4. Also, ICOS is more potent in the induction of IL-10 production, a cytokine important for the suppressive function of T regulatory cells. The B7-1/B7-2--CD28/CTLA-4 and ICOS-B7RP-1 pathway provide key second signals that can regulate the activation, inhibition, and fine-tuning of T-lymphocyte responses. ICOS stimulates both Th1 and Th2 cytokine production but may have a preferential role in Th2 cell development. Moreover, The B7-1/B7-2-CD28/CTLA-4 and ICOS-B7RP-1 pathway has been suggested as being involved in the development of airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness.Cancer ImmunotherapyCo-stimulatory Immune Checkpoint TargetsImmune CheckpointImmune Checkpoint ProteinsImmune Checkpoint TargetsImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-02153 | TNF beta Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | E. coli | ||
Lymphotoxin-alpha, also known as LT-alpha, TNF-beta, Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 1, LTA TNFSF1, and TNFB, is a secreted protein that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor family. TNF-beta/TNFSF1/Lymphotoxin alpha is highly inducible, secreted, and exists as a homotrimeric molecule. It is a cytokine that in its homotrimeric form binds to TNFRSF1A / TNFR1, TNFRSF1B / TNFBR, and TNFRSF14 / HVEM. In its heterotrimeric form with LTB, TNF-beta/TNFSF1/Lymphotoxin alpha binds to TNFRSF3 / LTBR. Lymphotoxin is produced by lymphocytes and cytotoxic for a wide range of tumor cells. TNF-beta/TNFSF1/Lymphotoxin alpha forms heterotrimers with lymphotoxin-beta which anchors lymphotoxin-alpha to the cell surface. It mediates a large variety of inflammatory, immunostimulatory, and antiviral responses. TNF-beta/TNFSF1/Lymphotoxin alpha is also involved in the formation of secondary lymphoid organs during development and plays a role in apoptosis. Genetic variations in TNF-beta/TNFSF1/Lymphotoxin alpha are a cause of susceptibility psoriatic arthritis which is an inflammatory, seronegative arthritis associated with psoriasis. It is a heterogeneous disorder ranging from a mild, non-destructive disease to a severe, progressive, erosive arthropathy.
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TMPY-00381 | PSMA Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2, also known as Glutamate carboxypeptidase II, Membrane glutamate carboxypeptidase, Prostate-specific membrane antigen, GCPII, PSMA, FOLH1, and NAALAD1, is a single-pass type II membrane protein which belongs to thepeptidase M28 family and M28B subfamily. FOLH1 is highly expressed in prostate epithelium. It is detected in urinary bladder, kidney, testis, ovary, fallopian tube, breast, adrenal gland, liver, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, brain (at protein level), and the capillary endothelium of a variety of tumors. FOLH1 has both folate hydrolase and N-acetylated alpha linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase) activity. It has a preference for tri-alpha-glutamate peptides. Genetic variation in FOLH1 may be associated with low folate levels and consequent hyperhomocysteinemia. This condition can result in increased risk of cardiovascular disease, neural tube defects, and cognitive deficits. FOLH1 also shows a promising role in directed imaging and therapy of recurrent or metastatic disease.Cancer ImmunotherapyImmune CheckpointImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-05493 | LIFR Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
LIFR (leukemia inhibitory factor receptor) belongs to the family of cytokine receptors. LIFR forms a high-affinity receptor complex with gp130, which mediates the activity of LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor) and thus affects the differentiation, proliferation, and survival of a wide variety of cells in the adult and the embryo. Besides LIF, LIFR can also bind to and activate CNTF (ciliary neurotrophic factor) and CLC (Cardiotrophin Like Cytokine). Evidence showed that in the retina, LIFR activating LIF, CT-1, and Cardiotrophin Like Cytokine (CLC) are strongly upregulated in response to preconditioning with bright cyclic light leading to robust activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) in a time-dependent manner. Further, blocking LIFR activation during preconditioning using a LIFR antagonist (LIF05) attenuated the induced STAT3 activation and also resulted in reduced preconditioning-induced protection of the retinal photoreceptors. These data demonstrate that LIFR and its ligands play an essential role in endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms triggered by preconditioning-induced stress. LIFR was newly found to be a suppressor of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the world's top five causes of cancer-related deaths.
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TMPY-01305 | OSMR Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Oncostatin-M specific receptor subunit beta also known as the oncostatin M receptor (OSMR) and Interleukin-31 receptor subunit beta (IL-31RB), is one of the receptor proteins for oncostatin M. OSMR is a member of the type I cytokine receptor family. IL-31RB/OSMR heterodimerizes with interleukin 6 signal transducer to form the type II oncostatin M receptor and with interleukin 31 receptor A to form the interleukin 31 receptor, and thus transduces oncostatin M and interleukin 31 induced signaling events. Mutations in IL-31RB/OSMR have been associated with familial primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis. Defects in IL-31RB/OSMR are the cause of amyloidosis primary localized cutaneous type 1 (PLCA1), also known as familial lichen amyloidosis of familial cutaneous lichen amyloidosis. PLCA1 is hereditary primary amyloidosis characterized by localized cutaneous amyloid deposition. This condition usually presents with itching (especially on the lower legs) and visible changes of skin hyperpigmentation and thickening (lichenification) that may be exacerbated by chronic scratching and rubbing. The amyloid deposits probably reflect a combination of degenerate keratin filaments, serum amyloid P component, and deposition of immunoglobulins.
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TMPY-05039 | LTBR Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
LTBR (lymphotoxin beta receptor (TNFR superfamily, member 3)) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family of receptors. The tumor necrosis factor receptor is a trimeric cytokine receptor that binds tumor necrosis factors. The receptor cooperates with an adaptor protein (such as TRADD, TRAF, RIP), which is important in determining the outcome of the response. LTBR is expressed on the surface of most cell types, including cells of epithelial and myeloid lineages, but not on T and B lymphocytes. LTBR specifically binds the lymphotoxin membrane form (a complex of lymphotoxin-alpha and lymphotoxin-beta). LTBR and its ligand play a role in the development and organization of lymphoid tissue and transformed cells. Activation of this protein can trigger apoptosis. Not only does the LTBR help trigger apoptosis, but it can also lead to the release of the cytokine interleukin 8. Overexpression of LTBR in HEK293 cells increases IL-8 promoter activity and leads to IL-8 release. It is also essential for the development and organization of the secondary lymphoid organs and chemokine release.
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TMPY-04853 | TSHR Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is secreted by the pituitary gland and promotes thyroid growth and function, with increased TSH levels typically associated with hypothyroidism. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed predominantly nuclei/peri-nuclei localization of TSHR in cancerous tissues but cell membrane localization in non-cancerous parts. Overexpression of TSHR was found in a great majority of HCC tissues and associated with unfavorable prognosis.
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TMPY-04644 | PDGFB Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | Yeast | ||
Platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGFB) is necessary for normal cardiovascular development. The administration of PDGFB alone normalized tumor vasculature by increasing periendothelial coverage and vascular functionality. Interestingly, this effect exerted by PDGFB was also observed in the presence of DAPT. So PDGFB is able to improve tumor vascularity and allows the anticancer action of DAPT in the tumor.
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TMPY-00925 | SOST Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Sclerostin, the protein product of the SOST gene, is a potent inhibitor of bone formation. Sclerostin protein is widely expressed at low levels with highest levels in bone, cartilage, kidney, liver, bone marrow and primary osteeoblasts differentiated for 21 days, and was originally identified as an important regulator of bone remodeling, homeostasis, and links bone resorption and bone apposition. Recent studies have revealed that Sclerostin protein inhibits the bone growth probably by binding to the extracellular domain of the Wnt coreceptors LRP5 and LRP6 and disrupting Wnt-induced Frizzled-LRP complex formation.
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TMPY-01084 | TrkA Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
TRKA is a member of the neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor (NTKR) family. It is a membrane-bound receptor that, upon neurotrophin binding, phosphorylates itself and members of the MAPK pathway. Isoform TrkA-III promotes angiogenesis and has oncogenic activity when overexpressed. Isoform TrkA-I is found in most non-neuronal tissues. Isoform TrkA-II is primarily expressed in neuronal cells. TrkA-III is specifically expressed by the pluripotent neural stem and neural crest progenitors. The presence of NTRK1 leads to cell differentiation and may play a role in specifying sensory neuron subtypes. Mutations in the TRKA gene have been associated with congenital insensitivity to pain, anhidrosis, self-mutilating behavior, mental retardation, and cancer. It was originally identified as an oncogene as it is commonly mutated in cancers, particularly colon and thyroid carcinomas. TRKA is required for high-affinity binding tonerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-3 and neurotrophin-4/5 but not brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Known substrates for the Trk receptors are SHC1, PI 3-kinase, and PLC-gamma-1. NTRK1 has a crucial role in the development and function of the nociceptive reception system as well as the establishment of thermal regulation via sweating. It also activates ERK1 by either SHC1- or PLC-gamma-1-dependent signaling pathway. Defects in NTRK1 are a cause of congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis and thyroid papillary carcinoma.Cancer ImmunotherapyImmune CheckpointImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-00936 | TNF alpha Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | E. coli | ||
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), also known as TNF, TNFA or TNFSF2, is the prototypic cytokine of the TNF superfamily, and is a multifunctional molecule involved in the regulation of a wide spectrum of biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and coagulation. Two receptors, TNF-R1 (TNF receptor type 1; CD120a; p55/60) and TNF-R2 (TNF receptor type 2; CD120b; p75/80), bind to TNF-alpha. TNF-alpha protein is produced mainly by macrophages, and large amounts of this cytokine are released in response to lipopolysaccharide, other bacterial products, and Interleukin-1 (IL-1). TNF-alpha is involved in fighting against the tumorigenesis, thus, is regarded as a molecular insight in cancer treatment.TNF-alpha Protein & AntibodyCancer ImmunotherapyImmune CheckpointImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-01030 | TFPI Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is the natural inhibitor of TF coagulant and signaling activities. It is a Kunitz-type serine proteinase inhibitor that down-regulates tissue factor-initiated blood coagulation. With its Kunitz domains, TFPI exhibits significant homology with human inter-alpha-trypson inhibitor and bovin basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. TFPI is the natural inhibitor of TF coagulant and signaling activities. The importance of TFPI in the regulation of blood coagulation is emphasized by how its activity is modulated in human disease. In a factor (F) Xa-dependent feedback system, TFPI binds directly and inhibits the TF-FVII/FVIIa complex. Normally, TFPI exists in plasma both as a full-length molecule and as variably carboxy-terminal truncated forms. TFPI also circulates in complex with plasma lipoproteins. The levels and the dual inhibitor effect of TFPI on FXa and TF-FVII/FVIIa complex offers insight into the mechanisms of various pathological conditions triggered by TF. TFPI may play an important role in modulating TF-induced thrombogenesis and it may also provide a unique therapeutic approach for prophylaxis and/or treatment of various diseases. In addition, studies have shown that TFPI exhibits antiangiogenic and antimetastatic effects in vitro and in vivo. In animal models of experimental metastasis, both circulating and tumor cell-associated TFPI are shown to significantly reduce tumor cell-induced coagulation activation and lung metastasis.
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TMPY-01008 | VEGFD Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D), also known as C-fos induced growth factor (FIGF), belongs to the platelet-derived growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor (PDGF/VEGF) family. FIGF protein is active in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and endothelial cell growth. FIGF protein is secreted as a non-covelent homodimer in an antiparallel fashion. Human FIGF protein is expressed in adult lung, heart, muscle, and small intestine, and is most abundantly expressed in fetal lungs and skin. FIGF protein is structurally and functionally similar to VEGF-C. Therefore, FIGF protein binds and activates VEGFR-2 (Flk1) and VEGFR-3 (Flt4) receptors, and may particularly be involved in cancers, such as breast cancer, epithelial ovarian carcinoma and so on.
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TMPY-00749 | FGF-2 Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | E. coli | ||
Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), also known as FGF2, is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. It is a highly specific chemotactic and mitogenic factor for many cell types, appears to be involved in remodeling damaged tissue, such as ulcer healing, vascular repair, traumatic brain injury (TBI). bFGF is a critical component of human embryonic stem cell culture medium. In addition, bFGF protein is a heparin-binding cationic protein involved in a variety of pathological conditions including angiogenesis and solid tumour growth. Thus, bFGF is regarded as a target for cancers chemopreventive and therapeutic strategies.bFGF/FGF2 Protein & Antibody Products
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TMPY-02848 | Adiponectin Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Adiponectin (ADIPOQ), or 30 kDa adipocyte complement-related protein (Acrp30) is a protein secreted by adipose tissue, which acts to reduce insulin resistance and atherogenic damage, but it also exerts actions in other tissues. Adiponectin mediates its actions in the periphery mainly via two receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2. Adiponectin influences gonadotropin release, normal pregnancy, and assisted reproduction outcomes. Adiponectin, a beneficial adipokine, represents a major link between obesity and reproduction. Higher levels of adiponectin are associated with improved menstrual function and better outcomes in assisted reproductive cycles. Unlike other adipocytokines produced by adipose tissue, adiponectin appears to have anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-atherogenic properties. Several clinical studies demonstrate the inverse relationship between plasma adiponectin levels and several inflammatory markers including C-reactive protein. Adiponectin attenuates inflammatory responses to multiple stimuli by modulating signaling pathways in a variety of cell types. The anti-inflammatory properties of adiponectin may be a major component of its beneficial effects on cardiovascular and metabolic disorders including atherosclerosis and insulin resistance. Additionally, it is important factor in chronic liver diseases and chronic kidney diseases. Some cancer cell types express adiponectin receptors. Thus Adiponectin may act on tumour cells directly by binding and activating adiponectin receptors and downstream signalling pathways.
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