目录号 | 产品详情 | 靶点 | |
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T28269 | |||
ORY-1001 is a KDM1A inhibitor (IC50 <20nM) with high selectivity against related FAD dependent aminoxidases (MAO-A/B, IL4I1, KDM1B >100uM, SMOX 7uM). Treatment of THP-1 (MLL-AF9) cells with ORY-1001, results in a time/dose dependent me2H3K4 accumulation a | |||
T18846 | Others | ||
THP-PEG4-Pyrrolidine(N-Boc)-CH2OH is a polyethylene glycol (PEG) based PROteolysis TArgeting Chimera (PROTAC) linker, employed for the synthesis of PROTAC K-Ras Degrader-1, as documented in reference [1]. | |||
T38328 | |||
CU-32 is an inhibitor of cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS; IC50= 0.45 μM).1It reduces DNA-, but not Sendai virus-, induced dimerization of IFN regulatory factor 3 in THP-1 cells, indicating selectivity for the cGAS DNA sensing pathway over the RIG-I-MAVS RNA sensing pathway. It is also selective for cGAS over toll-like receptors (TLRs) at 50 μM. CU-32 decreases IFN-stimulatory DNA-induced production of IFN-β in THP-1 cells when used at concentrations of 10, 30, and 100 μM. 1.Padilla-Salinas, R., Sun, L., Anderson, R., et al.Discovery of small-molecule cyclic GMP-AMP synthase inhibitorsJ. Org. Chem.85(3)1579-1600(2020) | |||
T74718 | |||
STINGmodulator-5(compound 38)为THP-1和外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)的拮抗剂,其在THP-1上的pIC50值为8.9,在PBMC上的pIC50值为8.1。此化合物适用于免疫性疾病研究。 | |||
T63854 | |||
Cathepsin C-IN-3 是组织蛋白酶 C (Cat C) 的有效抑制剂 (IC50: 61.79 nM),也能抑制 THP-1 细胞 (IC50: 101.5 nM) 和 U937 细胞 (IC50: 86.5 nM)。 | |||
T83901 | |||
BDW568是一种刺激素干扰素基因(STING)的激动剂,同时是BDW-OH的前药形式。在使用THP-1细胞的报告基因测定中,它能诱导STING转录活性(EC50 = 7.6 µM)。BDW568(50 µM)在THP-1细胞中诱导TANK结合激酶1(TBK1)和IFN调节因子3(IRF3)的磷酸化。 | |||
T78068 | Others | ||
O-allylvanillin为o-烯丙基查尔酮衍生物,呈现抗癌活性。该化合物对THP-1、HL60、Hep-G2、MCF-7细胞系生长抑制作用显著,其IC50值依次为74.76 μM、63.52 μM、90.99 μM、90.11 μM。 | |||
T38329 | |||
CU-76 is an inhibitor of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS; IC50= 0.24 μM).1It reduces DNA-, but not Sendai virus-, induced dimerization of IFN regulatory factor 3 in THP-1 cells, indicating selectivity for the cGAS DNA sensing pathway over the RIG-I-MAVS RNA sensing pathway. CU-76 decreases IFN-stimulatory DNA-induced production of IFN-β in THP-1 cells when used at concentrations of 10, 30, and 100 μM. 1.Padilla-Salinas, R., Sun, L., Anderson, R., et al.Discovery of small-molecule cyclic GMP-AMP synthase inhibitorsJ. Org. Chem.85(3)1579-1600(2020) | |||
T17084 | Others | ||
THP-PEG6-OH is a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based PROTAC linker, utilized in the synthesis of PROTACs[1]. It is also a non-cleavable three-unit PEG linker for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)[2]. | |||
T81159 | |||
Sibiricine(Compound 8),一种从Corydalis crispa药用植物提取的异喹啉类生物碱,对于LPS诱导的THP-1细胞产生的TNF-α显示出显著的抗炎效果。 |
目录号 | 产品名/同用名 | 种属 | 表达系统 | ||
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TMPK-01079 | PLD4 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) | Mouse | HEK293 | ||
Phospholipase D4 (PLD4) is a newly identified protein expressed in microglia. the expression of PLD4 was located in macrophages in the colon cancer mesenchymal and lymph nodes as shown by immunohistochemical analysis. furthermore, its expression was associated with clinical staging of colon cancer. Then, THP-1 as a cell model induced into TAMs. PLD4 could be involved in the activation process of M1 phenotype macrophages.
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TMPK-00807 | Osteopontin Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) | Mouse | HEK293 | ||
Secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) expression in TAMs isolated from lung adenocarcinoma tissues and PMA-treated THP-1 cells were measured. Macrophage polarization was identified by flow cytometric analysis. Cell migration and apoptosis were assessed by Transwell migration assays and flow cytometric analysis, respectively. SPP1 is highly expressed in tumor tissues and TAMs isolated from patients with an advanced TNM stage, and also in PMA-treated THP-1 cells.
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TMPK-01138 | PLD4 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Phospholipase D4 (PLD4) is a newly identified protein expressed in microglia. the expression of PLD4 was located in macrophages in the colon cancer mesenchymal and lymph nodes as shown by immunohistochemical analysis. furthermore, its expression was associated with clinical staging of colon cancer. Then, THP-1 as a cell model induced into TAMs. PLD4 could be involved in the activation process of M1 phenotype macrophages.
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TMPY-04512 | SMPDL3A Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) | Mouse | HEK293 | ||
SMPDL3A gene is a novel liver X receptor (LXR) -regulated gene, with an LXR response element within its promoter. The induction of SMPDL3A is LXR-dependent and is restricted to human blood cells with no induction observed in mouse cellular systems. LXR α and LXRβ function as physiological sensors of cholesterol metabolites (oxysterols), regulating key genes involved in cholesterol and lipid metabolism. LXRs have been extensively studied in both human and rodent cell systems, revealing their potential therapeutic value in the contexts of atherosclerosis and inflammatory diseases. The LXR genome landscape has been investigated in murine macrophages but not in human THP-1 cells, which represent one of the frequently used monocyte/macrophage cell systems to study immune responses.
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TMPY-03278 | SMPDL3A Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
SMPDL3A gene is a novel liver X receptor (LXR) -regulated gene, with an LXR response element within its promoter. The induction of SMPDL3A is LXR-dependent and is restricted to human blood cells with no induction observed in mouse cellular systems. LXR α and LXRβ function as physiological sensors of cholesterol metabolites (oxysterols), regulating key genes involved in cholesterol and lipid metabolism. LXRs have been extensively studied in both human and rodent cell systems, revealing their potential therapeutic value in the contexts of atherosclerosis and inflammatory diseases. The LXR genome landscape has been investigated in murine macrophages but not in human THP-1 cells, which represent one of the frequently used monocyte/macrophage cell systems to study immune responses.
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TMPY-04451 | AMPK (G1/B1/A1) Heterotrimer Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & GST) | Human | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
AMPK (G1/B1/A1) Heterotrimer Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & GST) is expressed in Baculovirus-Insect Cells
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TMPY-01247 | FLT3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (T227M, His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
The cluster of differentiation (CD) system is commonly used as cell markers in Immunophenotyping. Different kinds of cells in the immune system can be identified through the surface CD molecules which associating with the immune function of the cell. There are more than 320 CD unique clusters and subclusters have been identified. Some of the CD molecules serve as receptors or ligands important to the cell through initiating a signal cascade which then alter the behavior of the cell. Some CD proteins do not take part in cell signal process but have other functions such as cell adhesion. CD135, also known as FLT-3, FLK-2, is a member of the CD system. CD135 is an important cell surface marker recognized by specific sets of antibodies to identify the types of hematopoietic (blood) progenitors in the bone marrow and it function to differentiate hematopoietic stem cells, which are CD135 negative, from multipotent progenitors, which are CD135 positive. CD135 is a receptor tyrosine kinase typeⅢ for the cytokine Flt3 ligand and activat signaling through second messengers by binding to Flt3. Signaling through CD135 is important for lymphocyte development. The encoding gene CD135 is a proto-oncogene to which mutations happened will lead to cancer such as leukemia.Cancer ImmunotherapyImmune CheckpointImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-01281 | ACVR2B Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) | Mouse | HEK293 | ||
ACVR2A and ACVR2B are two activin type II receptors. ACVR2B is integral to the activin and myostatin signaling pathway. Ligands such as activin and myostatin bind to ACVR2A and ACVR2B. Myostatin, a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth, is regarded as a potential therapeutic target and binds to ACVR2B effectively, and to a lesser extent, to ACVR2A. The structure of human ACVR2B kinase domain in complex with adenine establishes the conserved bilobal architecture consistent with all other catalytic kinase domains. Haplotype structure at the ACVR2B and follistatin loci may contribute to interindividual variation in skeletal muscle mass and strength. Defects in ACVR2B are a cause of left-right axis malformations.
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TMPY-03967 | BTN3A3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
The three butyrophilin BTN3A molecules, BTN3A1, BTN3A2, and BTN3A3, are members of the B7/butyrophilin-like group of Ig superfamily receptors, which modulate the function of T cells. The butyrophilin 3 (BTN3) receptors are implicated in the T lymphocytes regulation and present a wide plasticity in mammals. A thorough phylogenetic analysis reveals a concerted evolution of BTN3 characterized by a strong and recurrent homogenization of the region encoding the signal peptide and the immunoglobulin variable (IgV) domain in Hominoids, where the sequences of BTN3A1 or BTN3A3 are replaced by BTN3A2 sequence.
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TMPY-02030 | CD82 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
CD82, also known as KAI-1, structurally belongs to tetraspanin family while categorised as metastasis suppressor gene on functional grounds. KAI1/CD82 is localized on cell membrane and form interactions with other tetraspanins, integrins and chemokines which are respectively responsible for cell migration, adhesion and signalling. Downregulation of CD82 expression is associated with the advanced stages of many human cancers and correlates with the acquisition of metastatic potential. Recent studies suggest that complex mechanisms underlie CD82 loss of function, including altered transcriptional regulation, splice variant production and post-translational protein modifications, and indicate a central role for CD82 in controlling metastasis as a 'molecular facilitator'. The loss of KAI1/CD82 expression in invasive and metastatic cancers is due to a complex, epigenetic mechanism that probably involves transcription factors such as NFkappaB, p53, and beta-catenin. A loss of KAI1 expression is also associated with the advanced stages of many human malignancies and results in the acquisition of invasive and metastatic capabilities by tumour cells. Thus, KAI1/CD82 is regarded as a wide-spectrum tumor metastasis suppressor.
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TMPY-01185 | DR5/TRAIL R2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10b, official symbol TNFRSF10B, also known as Death receptor 5, CD262, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2 (TRAIL R2), is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily, and contains an intracellular death domain. This receptor can be activated by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TNFSF10/TRAIL/APO-2L), and transduces an apoptosis signal. Studies with FADD-deficient mice suggested that FADD, a death domain containing adaptor protein, is required for the apoptosis mediated by this protein. TRAIL R2/CD262/TNFRSF10B was purified independently as the only receptor for TRAIL detectable on the surface of two different human cell lines that undergo apoptosis upon stimulation with TRAIL. TRAIL R2/CD262/TNFRSF10B contains two extracellular cysteine-rich repeats, typical for TNF receptor (TNFR) family members, and a cytoplasmic death domain. TRAIL R2/CD262/TNFRSF10B mediates apoptosis via the intracellular adaptor molecule FADD/MORT1. TRAIL receptors can signal both death and gene transcription, functions reminiscent of those of TNFR1 and TRAMP, two other members of the death receptor family. Defects in TRAIL R2/CD262/TNFRSF10B may be a cause of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) also known as squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.Cancer ImmunotherapyImmune CheckpointImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-01851 | CD73 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
5'-nucleotidase, also known as NT5E, NTE, and CD73, is a cell membrane protein that belongs to the 5'-nucleotidase family. CD73 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored purine salvage enzyme expressed on the surface of human T and B lymphocytes. CD73 catalyzes the conversion of purine and pyrimidine ribo- and deoxyribonucleoside monophosphates to the corresponding nucleosides. CD73 serves as a costimulatory molecule in activating T cells. CD73 generated adenosine functions in cell signaling in many physiologic systems, including intestinal epithelium, ischemic myocardium, and cholinergic synapses. CD73 might mediate lymphocyte-stromal cell interactions or condition the local microenvironment to facilitate lymphocyte development and/or function. In CD73-depleted cells, surface levels of the leukocyte adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin increase. CD73 produces extracellular adenosine, which then acts on G protein-coupled purinergic receptors to induce cellular responses. CD73 has also been reported to regulate the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules in mouse endothelium.
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TMPY-04348 | CTLA-4 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4, also known as CTLA4 and CD152, is a single-pass type I membrane protein and a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is the second member of the CD28 receptor family. The ligands or counterreceptors for these two proteins are the B7 family members, CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2). CTLA4 transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells, whereas CD28 transmits a stimulatory signal. Intracellular CTLA4 is also found in regulatory T cells and may play an important role in their functions. CD152 or cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is an essential receptor involved in the negative regulation of T cell activation. Because of its profound inhibitory role, CD152 has been considered a sound susceptible candidate in autoimmunity and a persuasive target for cancer immunotherapy. In particular, recent evidence suggests that CD152 is also important in the homeostasis and function of a population of suppressive cells, termed regulatory T cells (Treg).Cancer ImmunotherapyCo-inhibitory Immune Checkpoint TargetsCTLA4 / CD152 Immune Checkpoint ProteinsImmune CheckpointImmune Checkpoint Detection: AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: ELISA AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: IP AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: WB AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint ProteinsImmune Checkpoint TargetsImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-02813 | ErbB4 Protein, Human, Rhesus, Recombinant (His) | Human,Rhesus | HEK293 | ||
ERBB4 is a single-pass type I membrane protein with multiple cysteine rich domains, a transmembrane domain, a tyrosine kinase domain, a phosphotidylinositol-3 kinase binding site and a PDZ domain binding motif. ERBB4 is expressed at highest levels in brain, heart, kidney, in addition to skeletal muscle, parathyroid, cerebellum, pituitary, spleen, testis and breast. And lower levels in thymus, lung, salivary gland, and pancreas. It specifically binds to and is activated by neuregulins, NRG-2, NRG-3, heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor, betacellulin and NTAK. ERBB4 also can be activated by other factors and induces a variety of cellular responses including mitogenesis and differentiation. ERBB4 regulates development of the heart, the central nervous system and the mammary gland, gene transcription, cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis. It is required for normal cardiac muscle differentiation during embryonic development, and for postnatal cardiomyocyte proliferation. ERBB4 also play a role on the normal development of the embryonic central nervous system, especially for normal neural crest cell migration and normal axon guidance. It is required for mammary gland differentiation, induction of milk proteins and lactation.Cancer ImmunotherapyImmune CheckpointImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-00853 | IL-1RA Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | E. coli | ||
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) also known as IL1RN is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. This protein inhibits the activities of interleukin 1, alpha (IL1A), and interleukin 1, beta (IL1B), and modulates a variety of interleukin 1 related immune and inflammatory responses. A polymorphism of this protein-encoding gene is reported to be associated with an increased risk of osteoporotic fractures and gastric cancer. IL-1RA/IL1RN may inhibit the activity of IL-1 by binding to its receptor and it has no IL-1 like activity. Genetic variation in IL-1RA/IL1RN is associated with susceptibility to microvascular complications of diabetes type 4 (MVCD4). These are pathological conditions that develop in numerous tissues and organs as a consequence of diabetes mellitus. They include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy leading to end-stage renal disease, and diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic retinopathy remains the major cause of new-onset blindness among diabetic adults. It is characterized by vascular permeability and increased tissue ischemia and angiogenesis. Defects in IL-1RA/IL1RN are the cause of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist deficiency (DIRA) which is also known as deficiency of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist. Autoinflammatory diseases manifest inflammation without evidence of infection, high-titer autoantibodies, or autoreactive T-cells. DIRA is a rare, autosomal recessive, genetic autoinflammatory disease that results in sterile multifocal osteomyelitis, and pustulosis from birth.
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TMPY-01744 | ACVR2A Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
ACVR2A and ACVR2B are two activin type II receptors. ACVR2A has been shown to interact with INHBA, SYNJ2BP and ACVR1B. The bovine ACVR2A gene encodes a protein of 513 amino acids which is highly homologous (approximately 98% identity) to the rat, mouse, and human ACVR2A proteins. Inactivation of ACVR2A is a common event in prostate cancer cells suggesting it may play an important role in the development of prostate cancer. The ACVR2A gene is a putative tumor suppressor gene that is frequently mutated in microsatellite-unstable colon cancers (MSI-H colon cancers). Frameshift mutation of ACVR2A may contribute to MSI-H colon tumorigenesis via disruption of alternate TGF-beta effector pathways.
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TMPY-01949 | CD19 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
The cluster of differentiation (CD) system is commonly used as cell markers in Immunophenotyping. Different kinds of cells in the immune system can be identified through the surface CD molecules associating with the immune function of the cell. There are more than 320 CD unique clusters and subclusters have been identified. Some of the CD molecules serve as receptors or ligands important to the cell through initiating a signal cascade which then alter the behavior of the cell. Some CD proteins do not take part in cell signal process but have other functions such as cell adhesion. Cluster of differentiation 19 (CD19) is a member of CD system. CD19 is a cell surface molecule that assembles with the antigen receptor of B-cells. This results in a descent in the threshold for antigen receptor-dependent stimulation. A simplified view holds that the ability of B-cells to respond to the various antigens in a specific and sensitive manner is achieved in the presence of low-affinity antigen receptors. CD19 primarily acts as a B-cell co-receptor in conjunction with CD21 and CD81. The formation of the receptor complex is induced by antigen and CD19, induced by exogenous antigen, has been found cytoplasmic tail phosphorylated and bind to sIg.Cancer ImmunotherapyImmune CheckpointImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-01850 | CEACAM3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
CeACAM3 (CD66d), a member of carcinoembryonic antigen family, is a granulocyte-specific receptor involved in the opsonin-independent recognition of several bacterial pathogens. There are four members in this family: CD66a, CD66b, CD66c, and CD66d. Members of CEACAM family are widely expressed especially on human neutrophils, and, depending on the tissue, capable of regulating diverse functions including tumor promotion, tumor suppression, angiogenesis, and neutrophil activation. Abnormal overexpression and downregulation of some CEACAMs have been described in tumor cells. Monoclonal antibodies grouped in the CD66 cluster recognize CEACAM members. Ectopic CD66 expression is commonly detected in B-cell lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). CEACAM3 mediates phagocytosis depends on the integrity of an ITAM-like sequence within the cytoplasmic domain of CEACAM3. CEACAM3 is characterized by rapid stimulation of the GTPase Rac.
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TMPY-03407 | NQO1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
NQO1 gene is a member of the NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) family and encodes a cytoplasmic 2-electron reductase. NQO1 forms homodimers and reduces quinones to hydroquinones. NQO1's enzymatic activity prevents the one-electron reduction of quinones that results in the production of radical species. Mutations in the NQO1 gene have been associated with tardive dyskinesia (TD), an increased risk of hematotoxicity after exposure to benzene, and susceptibility to various forms of cancer. Altered expression of NQO1 has been seen in many tumors and is also associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. Recent pharmacological research suggests the feasibility of genotype-directed redox chemotherapeutic intervention targeting NQO1 breast cancer, a common missense genotype encoding a functionally impaired NQO1 protein.
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TMPY-04970 | TIGIT Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
TIGIT, also known as V-set and transmembrane domain-containing protein 3 (VSTM3) or V-set and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein 9 (VSIG9) is a new surface protein containing an immunoglobulin variable domain, a transmembrane domain and an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM). TIGIT is expressed on regulatory, memory, activated T cells and NK cells. It binds PVR with high affinity, and PVRL2 with lower affinity, but not PVRL3. Knockdown of TIGIT with siRNA in human memory T cells did not affect T cell responses, however, TIGIT inhibits NK cytotoxicity directly through its ITIM. TIGIT suppresses T cell activation by promoting the generation of mature immunoregulatory dendritic cells. The binding of PVR to TIGIT on human dendritic cells enhanced the production of IL-1 and diminished the production of IL-12p4. Also, TIGIT counter inhibits the NK-mediated killing of tumor cells and protects normal cells from NK-mediated cytotoxicity thus providing an "alternative self" mechanism for MHC class I inhibition.Cancer ImmunotherapyCo-inhibitory Immune Checkpoint TargetsImmune CheckpointImmune Checkpoint TargetsImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-01827 | CD30/TNFRSF8 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
CD30, also known as TNFRSF8, is a cell membrane protein of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. CD30 protein is expressed by activated, but not resting, T and B cells. CD30 can regulate proliferation of lymphocytes and may also play an important role in human immunodeficiency virus replication. As a regulator of apoptosis, CD30 protein induces cell death or proliferation, depending on the cell type, and has been shown to limit the proliferative potential of autoreactive CD8 effector T cells and protect the body against autoimmunity. CD30 protein expression is upregulated in various hematological malignancies, including Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's disease (HD), anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and subsets of Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs), and CD30 is also linked to leukocytes in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases, including lupus erythematosus, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis and atopic dermatitis (AD).Cancer ImmunotherapyImmune CheckpointImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-01938 | CD98 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain, also known as 4F2 heavy chain antigen, Lymphocyte activation antigen 4F2 large subunit, CD98, SLC3A2 and MDU1, is a single-pass type I I membrane protein that belongs to the SLC3A transporter family. SLC3A2 / MDU1 is expressed ubiquitously in all tissues tested with highest levels detected in kidney, placenta and testis and weakest level in thymus. During gestation, expression in the placenta is significantly stronger at full-term than at the mid-trimester stage. SLC3A2 / MDU1 is expressed in HUVECS and at low levels in resting peripheral blood T-lymphocytes and quiescent fibroblasts. It is expressed in fetal liver and in the astrocytic process of primary astrocytic gliomas. SLC3A2 / MDU1 is also expressed in retinal endothelial cells and in the intestinal epithelial cell line Caco2-BBE. SLC3A2 / MDU1 is required for the function of light chain amino-acid transporters. It is involved in sodium-independent, high-affinity transport of large neutral amino acids such as phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, arginine and tryptophan. SLC3A2 / MDU1 is involved in guiding and targeting of LAT1 and LAT2 to the plasma membrane. When associated with SLC7A6 or SLC7A7, SLC3A2 / MDU1 acts as an arginine/glutamine exchanger, following an antiport mechanism for amino acid transport, influencing arginine release in exchange for extracellular amino acids. SLC3A2 / MDU1 plays a role in nitric oxide synthesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) via transport of L-arginine. It is required for normal and neoplastic cell growth. When associated with SLC7A5/LAT1, SLC3A2 / MDU1 is also involved in the transport of L-DOPA across the blood-brain barrier, and that of thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) across the cell membrane in tissues such as placenta.
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TMPY-02033 | CD44 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
CD44 is a type I transmembrane protein and a member of the cartilage link protein family. It is involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and signal transduction. Several CD44 ligands have been identified. The most extensively characterized ligand for CD44 is hyaluronan, a component of the extracellular matrix. CD44 protein is expressed on the majority of immune cells. The binding of CD44 to hyaluronan is induced on T lymphocytes after activation by antigen and on monocytes after stimulation by inflammatory agents. Under inflammatory conditions, CD44 on endothelial cells presents hyaluronan to CD44 on activated T lymphocytes and mediates a rolling interaction under flow conditions. Perturbations of the hyaluronan-CD44 interaction at the plasma membrane by various antagonists result in attenuation of receptor tyrosine kinase and transporter activities and inhibition of tumor progression in vivo. CD44 is known to interact with the ezrin family (ERM family) members and form a complex that plays diverse roles within both normal and abnormal cells, particularly cancer cells. CD44 and ezrin and their respective complex have properties suggesting that they may be important in the process of tumour-endothelium interactions, cell migrations, cell adhesion, tumour progression and metastasis.
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TMPY-01883 | EPOR Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Erythropoietin (EPO) is the major glycoprotein hormone regulator of mammalian erythropoiesis, and is produced by kidney and liver in an oxygen-dependent manner. The biological effects of EPO are mediated by the specific erythropoietin receptor (EPOR/EPO Receptor) on bone marrow erythroblasts, which transmits signals important for both proliferation and differentiation along the erythroid lineage. EPOR protein is a type â… single-transmembrane cytokine receptor, and belongs to the homodimerizing subclass which functions as ligand-induced or ligand-stabilized homodimers. EPOR signaling prevents neuronal death and ischemic injury. Recent studies have shown that EPO and EPOR protein may be involved in carcinogenesis, angiogenesis, and invasion.
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TMPY-01146 | Insulin Receptor Protein, Human, Recombinant (long isoform, His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
INSR (Insulin receptor), also known as CD22, is a transmembrane receptor that is activated by insulin. INSR belongs to the protein kinase superfamily and exists as a tetramer consisting of two alpha subunits and two beta subunits linked by disulfide bonds. The alpha and beta subunits are encoded by a single INSR gene, and the beta subunits pass through the cellular membrane. As the receptor for insulin with tyrosine-protein kinase activity, INSR associates with downstream mediators upon binding to insulin, including IRS1 (insulin receptor substrate 1) and phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K). IRS-1 binding and phosphorylation eventually lead to an increase in the high-affinity glucose transporter (Glut4) molecules on the outer membrane of insulin-responsive tissues. INSR isoform long and isoform short are expressed in the peripheral nerve, kidney, liver, striated muscle, fibroblasts and skin, and is found as a hybrid receptor with IGF1R which also binds IGF1 in muscle, heart, kidney, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, hepatoma, fibroblasts, spleen, and placenta. Defects in Insulin Receptor/INSR are the cause of Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome (Mendenhall syndrome), insulin resistance (Ins resistance), leprechaunism (Donohue syndrome), and familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia 5 (HHF5). It may also be associated with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).
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TMPY-01137 | HER2/ERBB2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (aa 1-652, His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), also known as ErbB2, NEU, and CD340, is a type I membrane glycoprotein and belongs to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor family. HER2 protein cannot bind growth factors due to the lacking of ligand binding domain of its own and autoinhibited constitutively. However, HER2 forms a heterodimer with other ligand-bound EGF receptor family members, therefore stabilizes ligand binding and enhances kinase-mediated activation of downstream molecules. HER2 plays a key role in development, cell proliferation and differentiation. HER2 gene has been reported to associate with malignancy and a poor prognosis in numerous carcinomas, including breast, prostate, ovarian, lung cancers and so on.Cancer ImmunotherapyImmune CheckpointImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-04826 | LILRB5/CD85c Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
A genetic variant in LILRB5 (leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily-B) (rs12975366: T > C: Asp247Gly) has been reported to be associated with lower creatine phosphokinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Both biomarkers are released from injured muscle tissue, making this variant a potential candidate for susceptibility to muscle-related symptoms.
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TMPY-01894 | SIGIRR Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Single Ig IL-1-related receptor (SIGIRR) or TIR8 is a member of Toll-like receptor-interleukin 1 receptor signaling (TLR-IL-1R) receptor superfamily. Although SIGIRR/TIR8 shows the typical conserved motifs that characterize the IL-1R and Toll superfamily, it is structurally and functionally distinct from both. SIGIRR/TIR8 has only one Ig domain in its extracellular portion whereas the IL-1R family contains three Ig folds. An unusually long cytoplasmic domain is reminiscent of the structure of drosophila Toll, yet the SIGIRR peptide sequence is more closely related to IL-1RI. SIGIRR/TIR8 was mainly expressed in mouse and human epithelial tissues such as kidney, lung and gut. Resting and activated T and B lymphocytes and monocytes-macrophages expressed little or no SIGIRR/TIR8, with the exception of the mouse GG2EE macrophage line. Inflammation is enhanced in SIGIRR-deficient mice. SIGIRR negatively modulates immune responses. Inflammation is enhanced in SIGIRR-deficient mice, as shown by their enhanced chemokine induction after IL-1 injection and reduced threshold for lethal endotoxin challenge.
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TMPY-06418 | R-Spondin 2/RSPO2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
R-spondin-2, also known as RSPO2, synergizes with Wnt to activate beta-catenin. RSPO2 is secreted proteins that regulate beta-catenin signaling. Activator of the beta-catenin signaling cascade leads to TCF-dependent gene activation. Action both in the canonical Wnt / beta- catenin-dependent pathway, possibly via a direct interaction with Wnt proteins, and in a Wnt-independent beta catenin pathway through a receptor signaling pathway that may not use frizzled / LRP receptors. Probably also acts as a ligand for frizzled and LRP receptors. The encoding gene Rspo2 was identified as a novel common integration site for the mouse mammary tumor virus in viral induced mouse mammary tumors. Rspo2 and Rspo2 / Wnt1 tumors contained many spindle cells, consistent with an epithelial-mesenchymal transformation phenotype. When Rspo2 and Rspo2 / Wnt1 tumor cells were transferred into naive mice, they exhibited greater metastatic activity than cells derived from Wnt1 tumors.
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TMPY-05220 | TSLP Protein, Human, Recombinant (R127A & R130S, His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an interleukin 7 (IL-7)-like cytokine originally characterized by its ability to promote the activation of B cells and dendritic cells (DCs). Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a cytokine expressed by epithelial cells, including keratinocytes, and is important in allergic inflammation. Subsequent studies have shown that TSLP promotes T helper type 2 (TH2) cell responses associated with immunity to some helminth parasites and the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases, including atopic dermatitis and asthma. TSLP can promote TH2 cytokine-associated inflammation by directly promoting the effector functions of CD4+TH2 cells, basophils and other granulocyte populations while simultaneously limiting the expression of DC-derived proinflammatory cytokines and promoting regulatory T cell responses in peripheral tissues.
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TMPY-04333 | LRRC15 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
LRRC15 (Leucine-Rich Repeat Containing 15) is a Protein Coding gene. 2 alternatively spliced human isoforms have been reported. The tumor antigen 15-leucine-rich repeat-containing membrane protein (LRRC15) is a transmembrane protein demonstrated to play important roles in cancer. LRRC15 is highly expressed in multiple solid tumor indications with limited normal tissue expression. It was expressed on stromal fibroblasts in many solid tumors (e.g., breast, head, and neck, lung, pancreatic) as well as directly on a subset of cancer cells of mesenchymal origin (e.g., sarcoma, melanoma, glioblastoma). The tumor antigen LRRC15, which is frequently overexpressed in multiple tumor types, as a repressor of cell death due to adenoviral p53.
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TMPY-04346 | PD-L2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Programmed death ligand 2 (PD-L2), also referred to as B7-DC and CD273, is a member of the B7 family of proteins including B7-1, B7-2, B7-H2, B7-H1 (PD-L1), and B7-H3. PD-L2 is a type I membrane protein and structurally consists of an extracellular region containing one V-like and one C-like Ig domain, a transmembrane region, and a short cytoplasmic domain. PD-L2 is expressed on antigen presenting cells, placental endothelium and medullary thymic epithelial cells, and can be induced by LPS in B cells, INF-γ in monocytes, or LPS plus IFN-γ in dendritic cells. The CD28 and B7 protein families are critical regulators of immune responses. PD-L2 and PD-L1 are two ligands for PD-1, member of the CD28/CTLA4 family expressed on activated lymphoid cells, and thus provide signals for regulating T cell activation and immune tolerance. The interaction of B7-DC/PD-1 exhibited a 2-6-fold higher affinity compared with the interaction of B7-H1/PD-1.Cancer ImmunotherapyCo-inhibitory Immune Checkpoint TargetsImmune CheckpointImmune Checkpoint Detection: AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: ELISA AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: FCM AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: WB AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint ProteinsImmune Checkpoint TargetsImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-02779 | Thyroid peroxidase Protein, Human, Recombinant (S257A & P725T, His) | Human | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
Thyroid peroxidase is a membrane-bound glycoprotein which belongs to the peroxidase family, XPO subfamily. It contains 1 EGF-like domain and 1 Sushi (CCP/SCR) domain. Thyroid Peroxidase represents one of the main autoantigenic targets in autoimmune thyroid disease of humans. It used to be taken as the formerly so-called `microsomal antigen` several years ago. As an integral membrane glycoprotein it is restricted to the apical plasma membrane of the follicular epithelial cells and comprises two identical subunits of approx 100 kDa molecular weight. Thyroid peroxidase is an enzyme expressed abundantly in the thyroid that liberates iodine for addition onto tyrosine residues on thyroglobulin for the production of thyroxine or triiodothyronine, thyroid hormones. Thyroid peroxidase plays a key role in the thyroid hormone biosynthesis by catalysing both the iodination of tyrosyl residues and the coupling of iodotyrosyl residues in thyroglobulin to form precursors of the thyroid hormones T4 and T3.
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TMPY-01147 | R-Spondin 1/RSPO1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
RSPO1 gene is a member of the R-spondin family. It encodes RSPO1 which is known as a secreted activator protein with two cystein-rich, furin-like domains and one thrombospondin type 1 domain. In mice, RSPO1 induces the rapid onset of crypt cell proliferation and increases intestinal epithelial healing, providing a protective effect against chemotherapy-induced adverse effects. This protein is an activator of the beta-catenin signaling cascade, leading to TCF-dependent gene activation. RSPO1 acts both in the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin-dependent pathway and in non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway, probably by acting as an inhibitor of ZNRF3, an important regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway. It also acts as a ligand for frizzled FZD8 and LRP6.
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TMPY-05208 | PD-L1 Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | HEK293 | ||
Programmed death-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1, CD274, B7-H1) has been identified as the ligand for the immunoinhibitory receptor programmed death-1(PD1/PDCD1) and has been demonstrated to play a role in the regulation of immune responses and peripheral tolerance. PD-L1/B7-H1 is a member of the growing B7 family of immune molecules and this protein contains one V-like and one C-like Ig domain within the extracellular domain, and together with PD-L2, are two ligands for PD1 which belongs to the CD28/CTLA4 family expressed on activated lymphoid cells. By binding to PD1 on activated T-cells and B-cells, PD-L1 may inhibit ongoing T-cell responses by inducing apoptosis and arresting cell-cycle progression. Accordingly, it leads to growth of immunogenic tumor growth by increasing apoptosis of antigen specific T cells and may contribute to immune evasion by cancers. PD-L1 thus is regarded as promising therapeutic target for human autoimmune disease and malignant cancers.Cancer ImmunotherapyCo-inhibitory Immune Checkpoint TargetsImmune CheckpointImmune Checkpoint Blockade: Blocking AntibodiImmune Checkpoint Blockade: PD-L1 / B7-H1 / CImmune Checkpoint Detection: AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: ELISA AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: FCM AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: ICC AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: IHC AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: WB AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint ProteinsImmune Checkpoint TargetsImmunotherapyPD-L1 / B7-H1 / CD274 Immune Checkpoint ProteTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-02245 | SNAP-25 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Synaptosomal-associated protein 25, also known as Super protein, Synaptosomal-associated 25 kDa protein, SNAP25 and SNAP, is a cytoplasm and cell membrane protein that belongs to the SNAP-25 family. SNAP25 / SUP contains 2 t-SNARE coiled-coil homology domains. SNAP25 / SUP is a membrane bound protein anchored to the cytosolic face of membranes via palmitoyl side chains in the middle of the molecule. SNAP25 / SUP protein is a component of the SNARE complex, which is proposed to account for the specificity of membrane fusion and to directly execute fusion by forming a tight complex that brings the synaptic vesicle and plasma membranes together. SNAP25 / SUP is a Q-SNARE protein contributing two α-helices in the formation of the exocytotic fusion complex in neurons where it assembles with syntaxin-1 and synaptobrevin. SNAP25 / SUP is involved in the molecular regulation of neurotransmitter release. It may play an important role in the synaptic function of specific neuronal systems. SNAP25 / SUP associates with proteins involved in vesicle docking and membrane fusion. SNAP25 / SUP regulates plasma membrane recycling through its interaction with CENPF. SNAP25 / SUP inhibits P/Q- and L-type voltage-gated calcium channels located presynaptically and interacts with the synaptotagmin C2B domain in Ca2+-independent fashion. In glutamatergic synapses SNAP25 / SUP decreases the Ca2+ responsiveness, while it is naturally absent in GABAergic synapses.
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TMPY-00947 | VCAM-1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), also known as CD106, is a cell surface sialoglycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Two forms of VCAM-1 with either six or seven extracellular Ig-like domains are generated by alternative splicing, with the longer form predominant. VCAM-1 is an endothelial ligand for very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) and α4ß7 integrin expressed on leukocytes, and thus mediates leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and signal transduction. VCAM-1 expression is induced on endothelial cells during inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis, allograft rejection, infection, and asthmatic responses. During these responses, VCAM-1 forms a scaffold for leukocyte migration. VCAM-1 also activates signals within endothelial cells resulting in the opening of an "endothelial cell gate" through which leukocytes migrate. VCAM-1 has been identified as a potential anti-inflammatory therapeutic target, the hypothesis being that reduced expression of VCAM-1 will slow the development of atherosclerosis. In addition, VCAM-1-activated signals in endothelial cells are regulated by cytokines indicating that it is important to consider both endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression and function during inflammatory processes.Cancer ImmunotherapyImmune CheckpointImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-02525 | RGMA Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
RGMa, also known as RGM domain family, member A, belongs to the RGM (repulsive guidance molecule) family whose members are membrane-associated glycoprotein. RGMa is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein that functions as an axon guidance protein in the developing and adult central nervous system. It helps guide Retinal Ganglion Cell (RGC) axons to the tectum in the midbrain. RGMa has been implicated to play an important role in the developing brain and in the scar tissue that forms after a brain injury. This protein may also function as a tumor suppressor in some cancers.
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TMPY-01258 | IL-13RA1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Interleukin 13 receptor, alpha 1, also known as IL13RA1/IL-13RA1 and CD213A1 (cluster of differentiation 213A1), is a subunit of the interleukin 13 receptor. This subunit forms a receptor complex with IL4 receptor alpha, a subunit shared by IL13 and IL4 receptors. IL13RA1/IL-13RA1 serves as a primary IL13-binding subunit of the IL13 receptor, and may also be a component of IL4 receptors. This protein has been shown to bind tyrosine kinase TYK2 and thus may mediate the signaling processes that lead to the activation of JAK1, STAT3, and STAT6 induced by IL13 and IL4. IL13RA1/IL-13RA1 binds with low affinity to interleukin-13 (IL13). This subunit together with IL4RA can form a functional receptor for IL13. IL13RA1/IL-13RA1 also serves as an alternate accessory protein to the common cytokine receptor gamma chain for interleukin-4 (IL4) signaling, but cannot replace the function of IL2RG in allowing enhanced interleukin-2 (IL2) binding activity.
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TMPY-00203 | LOXL2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) | Mouse | HEK293 | ||
Lysyl oxidase homolog 2, also known as Lysyl oxidase-like protein 2, Lysyl oxidase-related protein 2, Lysyl oxidase-related protein WS9-14 and LOXL2, is a secreted protein that belongs to the lysyl oxidase family. LOXL2 contains four SRCR domains. The lysyl oxidase family is made up of five members: lysyl oxidase (LOX) and lysyl oxidase-like 1-4 ( LOXL1, LOXL2, LOXL3, LOXL4 ). All members share conserved C-terminal catalytic domains that provide for lysyl oxidase or lysyl oxidase-like enzyme activity; and more divergent propeptide regions. LOX family enzyme activities catalyze the final enzymatic conversion required for the formation of normal biosynthetic collagen and elastin cross-links. LOXL2 is expressed by pre-hypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes in vivo, and that LOXL2 expression is regulated in vitro as a function of chondrocyte differentiation. LOXL2 promotes chondrocyte differentiation by mechanisms that are likely to include roles as both a regulator and an effector of chondrocyte differentiation. LOXL2 expression could also be explored as a molecular target in the prevention of breast cancer progression.
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TMPY-04104 | LIF Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | HEK293 | ||
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a pleiotropic glycoprotein belonging to the IL-6 family of cytokines. It is involved in growth promotion and cell differentiation of different types of target cells, influence bone metabolism, cachexia, neural development, embryogenesis, and inflammation. LIF has potent proinflammatory properties, being the inducer of the acute phase protein synthesis and affecting cell recruitment into the area of damage or inflammation. LIF is also one of the cytokines that are capable to regulate the differentiation of embryonic stem cells, hematopoietic, and neuronal cells. LIF binds to the specific LIF receptor (LIFR-α) which forms a heterodimer with a specific subunit common to all members of that family of receptors, the GP130 signal-transducing subunit. This leads to the activation of the JAK/STAT and MAPK cascades. Due to its polyfunctional activities, LIF is involved in the pathogenic events and development of many diseases of various origins.
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TMPY-03531 | PSGL-1/CD162 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), also known as SELPLG or CD162, is the high affinity ounter-receptor for P-selectin on expressed on activated endothelial cells and platelets. PSGL-1 is a mucin-type glycoprotein, expressed on leukocytes and platelets as a homodimer of two disulfide-linked subunits of ~12 kD. As cell adhesion molecules, multiple studies have shown that PSGL-1/ P-selectin interaction is required for the normal recruitment of leukocytes during inflammatory reactions, and also participates in hemostatic responses. PSGL-1 protein requires two distinct posttranslational modifications for the Ca2+-dependent recognition by the lectin domain of P-selectin, that is tyrosine sulfation and specific O-linked glycosylation (sialic acid and fucose). PSGL-1 can also bind to other two members of the selectin family, E-selectin (endothelial) and L-selectin (leukocyte), but binds best to P-selectin.
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TMPY-04165 | FGFR3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
FGFR3, also known as CD333, is a member of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family, with its amino acid sequence being highly conserved between members and among divergent species. FGFR family members differ from one another in their ligand affinities and tissue distribution. FGFRs are transmembrane catalytic receptors that have intracellular tyrosine kinase activity. Mutations in FGFR genes are the cause of several human developmental disorders characterized by skeletal abnormalities such as achondroplasia, and upregulation of FGFR expression may lead to cell transformation and cancer. FGFR3, a full-length representative protein would consist of an extracellular region, composed of three immunoglobulin-like domains, a single hydrophobic membrane-spanning segment and a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain. The extracellular portion of FGFR3 interacts with fibroblast growth factors, setting in motion a cascade of downstream signals, ultimately influencing mitogenesis and differentiation. FGFR3 binds acidic and basic fibroblast growth hormone and plays a role in bone development and maintenance. Mutations in FGFR3 gene lead to craniosynostosis and multiple types of skeletal dysplasia. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described. CD333 is the receptor for acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors.Cancer ImmunotherapyImmune CheckpointImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-04939 | LAG-3 Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | HEK293 | ||
LAG3 (Lymphocyte Activating 3) is a Protein Coding gene. 2 alternatively spliced human isoforms have been reported. LAG3, also known as CD223 and Lymphocyte activation gene 3, belongs to the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily. The LAG3 gene contains 8 exons. It is selectively expressed in activated T and NK cells. LAG3 contains 4 extracellular Ig-like domains and has a negative regulatory function in T cells. It also acts as a new marker of T cell-induced B cell activation. As a soluble molecule, LAG3 activates antigen-presenting cells through MHC class II signaling, leading to increased antigen-specific T-cell responses in vivo. Diseases associated with LAG3 include Smoldering Myeloma and Kyphoscoliotic Heart Disease.Cancer ImmunotherapyCo-inhibitory Immune Checkpoint TargetsImmune CheckpointImmune Checkpoint TargetsImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-00820 | IgG1 Fc Protein, Human, Recombinant (C103S) | Human | HEK293 | ||
As a monomeric immunoglobulin that is predominately involved in the secondary antibody response and the only isotype that can pass through the human placenta, Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is synthesized and secreted by plasma B cells, and constitutes 75% of serum immunoglobulins in humans. IgG antibodies protect the body against the pathogens by agglutination and immobilization, complement activation, toxin neutralization, as well as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). IgG tetramer contains two heavy chains (5 kDa ) and two light chains (25 kDa) linked by disulfide bonds, that is the two identical halves form the Y-like shape. IgG is digested by pepsin proteolysis into Fab fragment (antigen-binding fragment) and Fc fragment ("crystallizable" fragment). IgG1 is most abundant in serum among the four IgG subclasses (IgG1, 2, 3 and 4) and binds to Fc receptors (FcγR ) on phagocytic cells with high affinity. Fc fragment is demonstrated to mediate phagocytosis, trigger inflammation, and target Ig to particular tissues. Protein G or Protein A on the surface of certain Staphylococcal and Streptococcal strains specifically binds with the Fc region of IgGs, and has numerous applications in biotechnology as a reagent for affinity purification. Recombinant IgG Fc Region is suggested to represent a potential anti-inflammatory drug for treatment of human autoimmune diseases.
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TMPK-00383 | ACE2/ACEH Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi) | Human | HEK293 | ||
ACE2 (Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with ACE2 include Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Neurogenic Hypertension.The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the angiotensin-converting enzyme family of dipeptidyl carboxydipeptidases and has considerable homology to human angiotensin 1 converting enzyme. This secreted protein catalyzes the cleavage of angiotensin I into angiotensin 1-9, and angiotensin II into the vasodilator angiotensin 1-7.
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TMPY-00861 | IL-33 Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | E. coli | ||
Interleukin 33 (IL-33), also known as DVS27 or NF-HEV (Nuclear Factor from High Endothelial Venules), is a pro-inflammatory protein and a chromatin-associated cytokine of the IL-1 family with high sequence and structural similarity to IL-1 and IL-18. IL-33 protein is expressed highly and rather selectively by high endothelial venule endothelial cells (HEVECs) in human tonsils, Peyer's patches, and lymph nodes. IL-33 protein has transcriptional regulatory properties, and the researches suggested that IL-33 is a dual-function protein that might act both as a cytokine and as an intracellular nuclear factor. As a type 2 cytokines, IL-33 protein also play a pivotal role in helminthic infection and allergic disorders.
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TMPY-00978 | Progranulin Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Granulins are a family of secreted, glycosylated peptides that are cleaved from a single precursor protein with 7.5 repeats of a highly conserved 12-cysteine granulin/epithelin motif. The precursor protein, progranulin, is also called Proepithelin and PC cell-derived growth factor. Cleavage of the signal peptide produces mature granulin which can be further cleaved into a variety of active, 6 kDa peptides. These smaller cleavage products are named granulin A, granulin B, granulin C, etc. Epithelins 1 and 2 are synonymous with granulins A and B, respectively. Both the peptides and intact granulin protein regulate cell growth. However, different members of the granulin protein family may act as inhibitors, stimulators, or have dual actions on cell growth. Granulin family members are important in normal development, wound healing, and tumorigenesis. Granulins have possible cytokine-like activity. They may play a role in inflammation, wound repair, and tissue remodeling. Granulin-4 promotes proliferation of the epithelial cell line A431 in culture while granulin-3 acts as an antagonist to granulin-4, inhibiting the growth. Granulin expression inhibited Tat transactivation, and tethering experiments showed that this effect was due, at least in part, to a direct action on cyclin T1 in the absence of Tat.
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TMPY-03290 | HGF Protein, Mouse, Recombinant | Mouse | HEK293 | ||
Hepatocyte growth factor, also known as HGF, contains 4 kringle domains, 1 PAN domain, and 1 peptidase S1 domain. It belongs to the peptidase S1 family, plasminogen subfamily. The hepatocyte growth factor is secreted by mesenchymal cells as a single inactive polypeptide and is cleaved by serine proteases into a 69-kDa alpha-chain and 34-kDa beta-chain. A disulfide bond between the alpha and beta chains produces the active, heterodimeric molecule. The hepatocyte growth factor regulates cell growth, cell motility, and morphogenesis by activating a tyrosine kinase signaling cascade after binding to the proto-oncogenic c-Met receptor, and acts as a multi-functional cytokine on cells of mainly epithelial origin. Its ability to stimulate mitogenesis, cell motility and matrix invasion give it a central role in angiogenesis, tumorogenesis, and tissue regeneration. HGF is a potent mitogen for mature parenchymal hepatocyte cells, seems to be an hepatotrophic factor, and acts as a growth factor for a broad spectrum of tissues and cell types. HGF has no detectable protease activity. Defects in hepatocyte growth factor are the cause of deafness autosomal recessive type 39. A form of profound prelingual sensorineural hearing loss. Sensorineural deafness results from damage to the neural receptors of the inner ear, the nerve pathways to the brain, or the area of the brain that receives sound information.Cancer ImmunotherapyImmune CheckpointImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-06873 | FLT3 Ligand Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | E. coli | ||
FLT3L, also known as flt3 ligand, is a small molecule that acts as a growth factor that increases the number of immune cells by activating the hematopoietic progenitors. In vivo, FLT3L also induces the mobilization of the hematopoietic progenitors and stem cells. This may help the system to kill cancer cells. Dendritic cells (DCs) provide the key link between innate and adaptive immunity by recognizing pathogens and priming pathogen-specific immune responses. FLT3L controls the development of DCs and is particularly important for plasmacytoid DCs and CD8 -positive classical DCs and their CD103 -positive tissue counterparts.
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