目录号 | 产品详情 | 靶点 | |
---|---|---|---|
T36996 | |||
MSA-2 dimer is a selective, orally active non-nucleotide STING agonist (Kd=145 μM) with long-term antitumor and immunogenic activity. MSA-2 dimer is bound to STING as a non-covalent dimer exhibiting higher permeability than cyclic dinucleotide[1]. MSA-2 dimer (60 mg/kg; p.o.; 50 days) inhibits tumor growth and prolongs overall survival[1]. MSA-2 dimer (40 mg/kg; s.c.; 25 days) induces complete tumor regression[1].MSA-2 dimer (60 mg/kg; p.o.; 4 hours) increases proinflammatory cytokine (IFN-β) level in tumors[1].MSA-2 dimer (60 mg/kg; s.c.; 4 hours) concentrations is observed in tumors than in plasma or other nontumor tissues [1].MSA-2 dimer (THP-1 cells) induces phosphorylation of both TBK1 and IR. MSA-2 dimer (10 μM and 33 μM; macrophages) induces IFN-β[1].MSA-2 dimer also exhibits dose-dependent antitumor activity when administered by IT, SC, or PO routes[1]. [1]. Pan BS, et al. An orally available non-nucleotide STING agonist with antitumor activity. Science. 2020;369(6506):eaba6098. | |||
T28290 | |||
Pactimibe is a ACAT inhibitor. It has anti-atherosclerotic activity. | |||
T28985 | Apoptosis MMP | ||
TMI-1 (WAY-171318) 是一种有效的抑制剂,用于抑制去整合素金属酶17 (ADAM17) 和其他基质金属蛋白酶MMPs。TMI-1 能够有效地抑制LPS 诱导的人原代单核细胞和人全血中TNF-α的分泌。TMI-1 在三阴性 (TN) 和过度表达ERBB2的乳腺肿瘤细胞系中选择性地诱导Caspase 依赖的细胞凋亡。 |
目录号 | 产品名/同用名 | 种属 | 表达系统 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TMPK-00807 | Osteopontin Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) | Mouse | HEK293 | ||
Secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) expression in TAMs isolated from lung adenocarcinoma tissues and PMA-treated THP-1 cells were measured. Macrophage polarization was identified by flow cytometric analysis. Cell migration and apoptosis were assessed by Transwell migration assays and flow cytometric analysis, respectively. SPP1 is highly expressed in tumor tissues and TAMs isolated from patients with an advanced TNM stage, and also in PMA-treated THP-1 cells.
|
|||||
TMPK-01079 | PLD4 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) | Mouse | HEK293 | ||
Phospholipase D4 (PLD4) is a newly identified protein expressed in microglia. the expression of PLD4 was located in macrophages in the colon cancer mesenchymal and lymph nodes as shown by immunohistochemical analysis. furthermore, its expression was associated with clinical staging of colon cancer. Then, THP-1 as a cell model induced into TAMs. PLD4 could be involved in the activation process of M1 phenotype macrophages.
|
|||||
TMPK-01138 | PLD4 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Phospholipase D4 (PLD4) is a newly identified protein expressed in microglia. the expression of PLD4 was located in macrophages in the colon cancer mesenchymal and lymph nodes as shown by immunohistochemical analysis. furthermore, its expression was associated with clinical staging of colon cancer. Then, THP-1 as a cell model induced into TAMs. PLD4 could be involved in the activation process of M1 phenotype macrophages.
|
|||||
TMPY-04512 | SMPDL3A Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) | Mouse | HEK293 | ||
SMPDL3A gene is a novel liver X receptor (LXR) -regulated gene, with an LXR response element within its promoter. The induction of SMPDL3A is LXR-dependent and is restricted to human blood cells with no induction observed in mouse cellular systems. LXR α and LXRβ function as physiological sensors of cholesterol metabolites (oxysterols), regulating key genes involved in cholesterol and lipid metabolism. LXRs have been extensively studied in both human and rodent cell systems, revealing their potential therapeutic value in the contexts of atherosclerosis and inflammatory diseases. The LXR genome landscape has been investigated in murine macrophages but not in human THP-1 cells, which represent one of the frequently used monocyte/macrophage cell systems to study immune responses.
|
|||||
TMPY-03278 | SMPDL3A Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
SMPDL3A gene is a novel liver X receptor (LXR) -regulated gene, with an LXR response element within its promoter. The induction of SMPDL3A is LXR-dependent and is restricted to human blood cells with no induction observed in mouse cellular systems. LXR α and LXRβ function as physiological sensors of cholesterol metabolites (oxysterols), regulating key genes involved in cholesterol and lipid metabolism. LXRs have been extensively studied in both human and rodent cell systems, revealing their potential therapeutic value in the contexts of atherosclerosis and inflammatory diseases. The LXR genome landscape has been investigated in murine macrophages but not in human THP-1 cells, which represent one of the frequently used monocyte/macrophage cell systems to study immune responses.
|
|||||
TMPY-04451 | AMPK (G1/B1/A1) Heterotrimer Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & GST) | Human | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
AMPK (G1/B1/A1) Heterotrimer Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & GST) is expressed in Baculovirus-Insect Cells
|
|||||
TMPY-03878 | Integrin alpha V beta 6 Protein, Human, Recombinant (Flag & His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Integrin alpha-5, also known as ITGA5, is a single-pass type I membrane protein which belongs to the integrin alpha chain family. ITGA5 contains 7 FG-GAP repeats. Alpha chain 5 undergoes post-translational cleavage in the extracellular domain to yield disulfide-linked light and heavy chains that join with beta 1 to form a fibronectin receptor. ITGAV&ITGB6 is a receptor for fibronectin and cytotactin. It recognizes the sequence R-G-D in its ligands. Internalisation of ITGAV&ITGB6 via clathrin-mediated endocytosis promotes carcinoma cell invasion.
|
|||||
TMPY-02501 | CD3D & CD3E Heterodimer Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | HEK293 | ||
CD3D & CD3E Heterodimer Protein, Human, Recombinant is expressed in HEK293 cells.
|
|||||
TMPY-00664 | ANGPT2/Angiopoietin-2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Angiopoietin-2 (ANG 2, or ANGPT2), is a member of the ANG family, which plays an important role in angiogenesis during the development and growth of human cancers. Both ANGPT-1 and ANGPT-2 appear to bind to the tyrosine kinase receptor, Tie-2, found primarily on the luminal surface of endothelial cells. ANG-2's role in angiogenesis generally is considered as an antagonist for ANG1, inhibiting ANG1-promoted Tie2 signaling, which is critical for blood vessel maturation and stabilization. ANG-2 modulates angiogenesis in a cooperative manner with another important angiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor A. Genetic studies have revealed that ANG-2 also is critical in lymphangiogenesis during development. ANG-2 has multiple physiologic effects that regulate vascular tone, hormone secretion, tissue growth and neural activity. Several reports indicate that ANG-2 can induce neovascularization in experimental systems due to the expression of different growth factors such as angiopoietin 2, vascular endothelial factor, and its receptor, fibroblast growth factor, platelet derived growth factor, transforming growth factor beta and epidermal growth factor. In addition, ANG-2 is strongly expressed in the vasculature of many tumors and it has been suggested that ANG-2 may act synergistically with other cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor to promote tumor-associated Angiogenesis and tumor progression.
|
|||||
TMPY-01298 | CADM1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Members of the immunoglobulin superfamily often play key roles in intercellular adhesion. IGSF4 is a novel immunoglobulin (Ig)-like intercellular adhesion molecule. Three Ig-like domains are included in the extracellular domain of IGSF4 and mediate homophilic or heterophilic interactions independently of Ca2+. The cytoplasmic domain of IGSF4 contains the binding motifs that connect to actin fibers. Since IGSF4 has been characterized by several independent research groups, this molecule is called by three names, TSLC1, SgIGSF and SynCAM. IGSF4 was first characterized as a tumor suppressor of non-small cell lung cancer and termed TSLC1. It is a single-pass type I membrane protein which belongs to the nectin family, which may be involved in neuronal migration, axon growth, pathfinding, and fasciculation on the axons of differentiating neurons. In addition, CADM1 may play diverse roles in the spermatogenesis including in the adhesion of spermatocytes and spermatids to Sertoli cells and for their normal differentiation into mature spermatozoa. In neuroblastoma, loss of CADM1 expression has recently been found in disseminated tumours with adverse outcome, prompting us to investigate its role in neuroblastoma tumour progression. The downregulation of CADM1 tumour suppressor gene expression is a critical event in neuroblastoma pathogenesis resulting in tumour progression.
|
|||||
TMPY-04779 | BTN3A2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
The three butyrophilin BTN3A molecules, BTN3A1, BTN3A2, and BTN3A3, are members of the B7/butyrophilin-like group of Ig superfamily receptors, which modulate the function of T cells. BTN3A2 is overexpressed in gastric tumors, and deletion of BTN3A2 inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells. The butyrophilin 3 (BTN3) receptors are implicated in the T lymphocytes regulation and present a wide plasticity in mammals. A thorough phylogenetic analysis reveals a concerted evolution of BTN3 characterized by a strong and recurrent homogenization of the region encoding the signal peptide and the immunoglobulin variable (IgV) domain in Hominoids, where the sequences of BTN3A1 or BTN3A3 are replaced by BTN3A2 sequence.
|
|||||
TMPY-03363 | C-Reactive Protein Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | HEK293 | ||
C-reactive protein (CRP) is synthesized by the liver in response to factors released by fat cells. It is a member of the pentraxin family of proteins. The levels of CRP rise in response to inflammation. Human C-reactive protein (CRP) is the classical acute phase reactant, the circulating concentration of which rises rapidly and extensively in a cytokine-mediated response to tissue injury, infection and inflammation. Serum CRP values are routinely measured, empirically, to detect and monitor many human diseases. However, CRP is likely to have important host defence, scavenging and metabolic functions through its capacity for calcium-dependent binding to exogenous and autologous molecules containing phosphocholine (PC) and then activating the classical complement pathway. CRP may also have pathogenic effects and the recent discovery of a prognostic association between increased CRP production and coronary atherothrombotic events is of particular interest.
|
|||||
TMPY-02512 | Alpha-Synuclein Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | E. coli | ||
Alpha-Synuclein (alpha-Syn), also known as NACP or SNCA, exists as at least two structural isoforms: one is helix-rich, membrane-bound form that both the N- and C-terminal regions of alpha-synuclein are tightly associated with membranes and the other is disordered, cytosolic form. Synuclein is found predominantly in the presynaptic termini, in both free or membrane-bound forms. SNCA is extensively localized in nucleus of neurons. It has been shown that alpha-Synuclein was highly expressed in the mitochondria in olfactory bulb, hippocampus, striatum, and thalamus, where the cytosolic alpha-Synuclein was also rich. Normally the unstructured soluble type of alpha-synuclein can aggregate to form insoluble fibrils in pathological conditions characterized by Lewy bodies, such as Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy. SNCA abnormality and mitochondrial deficiency are two major changes in the brain of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Besides, alpha-synuclein is an abundant component of Lewy bodies in sporadic Parkinson's disease and diffuse Lewy body disease.
|
|||||
TMPY-05354 | CD28 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc & Avi), Biotinylated | Human | HEK293 | ||
CD28 (Cluster of Differentiation 28) is a disulphide-bonded glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, and structurally consists of a single Ig V-like extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain and an intracellular domain. Mouse CD28 is constitutively expressed on the surface of all murine T cells and on developing thymocytes as disulfide-linked homodimers or as monomers. CD28 can binds the B7-1 and B7-2 ligand, and together perform important functions in the T and B cell response pathways. B7/CD28 family members, which can augment or antagonize T-cell receptor signaling, in the regulation of central and peripheral T-cell tolerance. CD28 is thus involved in T-cell activation, the induction of cell proliferation and cytokine production and promotion of T-cell survival.Cancer ImmunotherapyCo-stimulatory Immune Checkpoint TargetsImmune CheckpointImmune Checkpoint Detection: AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: ELISA AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: FCM AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: IHC AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: WB AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint TargetsImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
|
|||||
TMPY-00586 | CLEC-2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (hFc) | Mouse | HEK293 | ||
CLEC1B, also known as CLEC2, is a C-type lectin-like receptor expressed in myeloid cells and NK cells. Natural killer (NK) cells express multiple calcium-dependent (C-type) lectin-like receptors, such as CD94 and NKG2D, that interact with major histocompatibility complex class I molecules and either inhibit or activate cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion. CLEC2 acts as a receptor for the platelet-aggregating snake venom protein rhodocytin. Rhodocytin binding leads to tyrosine phosphorylation and this promotes the binding of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and initiation of downstream tyrosine phosphorylation events and activation of PLC-gamma-2. CLEC2 contains 1 C-type lectin domain and is expressed preferentially in the liver. It acts as an attachment factor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and facilitates its capture by platelets.
|
|||||
TMPY-04824 | CTLA-4 Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | HEK293 | ||
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4, also known as CTLA4 and CD152, is a single-pass type I membrane protein and a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is the second member of the CD28 receptor family. The ligands or counterreceptors for these two proteins are the B7 family members, CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2). CTLA4 transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells, whereas CD28 transmits a stimulatory signal. Intracellular CTLA4 is also found in regulatory T cells and may play an important role in their functions. CD152 or cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is an essential receptor involved in the negative regulation of T cell activation. Because of its profound inhibitory role, CD152 has been considered a sound susceptible candidate in autoimmunity and a persuasive target for cancer immunotherapy. In particular, recent evidence suggests that CD152 is also important in the homeostasis and function of a population of suppressive cells, termed regulatory T cells (Treg).Cancer ImmunotherapyCo-inhibitory Immune Checkpoint TargetsCTLA4 / CD152 Immune Checkpoint ProteinsImmune CheckpointImmune Checkpoint Detection: AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: ELISA AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: IP AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: WB AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint ProteinsImmune Checkpoint TargetsImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
|
|||||
TMPY-00986 | IL-34 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) | Mouse | HEK293 | ||
IL34 (Interleukin 34) is a Protein Coding gene. IL-34, also known as uncharacterized protein C16 or f77 homolog, belongs to the IL-34 family. IL-34 is a cytokine that promotes the differentiation and viability of monocytes and macrophages through the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R). IL-34 protein is expressed in various tissues, including heart, brain, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, thymus, testes, ovary, small intestine, prostate, and colon, and most abundant in the spleen. The colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R) is identified as the receptor for IL-34. IL-34 increases the growth or survival of immune cells known as monocytes. Besides, IL-34 promoted the formation of the colony-forming unit-macrophage (CFU-M), a macrophage progenitor, in human bone marrow cultures.
|
|||||
TMPY-03273 | IL-18 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant | Mouse | E. coli | ||
Interleukin-18 (IL-18, also known as interferon-gamma inducing factor) is a proinflammatory cytokine that belongs to the IL-1 superfamily and is produced by macrophages and other cells. This cytokine can induce the IFN-gamma production of T cells. The combination of IL-18 and IL12 has been shown to inhibit IL4 dependent IgE and IgG1 production, and enhance IgG2a production of B cells. IL-18 binding protein (IL18BP) can specifically interact with this cytokine, and thus negatively regulate its biological activity. IL-18 is an IL-1-like cytokine that requires cleavage with caspase-1 to become active, was found to increase IgE production in a CD4+ T cell -, IL-4- and STAT6-dependent fashion. IL-18 and T cell receptor-mediated stimulation could induce naive CD4+ T cells to develop into IL-4-producing cells in vitro. Thus, caspase-1 and IL-18 may be critical in the regulation of IgE production in vivo, providing a potential therapeutic target for allergic disorders. IL-18 production in primary synovial cultures and purified synovial fibroblasts was, in turn, upregulated by TNF-α and IL-1β, suggesting that monokine expression can feedback to promote Th1 cell development in the synovial membrane. Besides, synergistic combinations of IL-18, IL-12, and IL-15 may be of importance in sustaining both Th1 responses and monokine production in RA.Cancer ImmunotherapyImmune CheckpointImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
|
|||||
TMPY-02412 | ENO1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
The ENO1 gene encodes a multifunctional enzyme that has been identified as a key component of the glycolytic pathway. ENO1 overexpression and post-translational modifications could be of diagnostic and prognostic value in many cancer types. The results of the ENO1 expression profiling of ovarian follicles suggest that ENO1 may play an important dual role in the progress of follicular development, where ENO1 acts as a glycolytic enzyme and also mediates apoptosis. ENO1 overexpression could make the primary culture follicle granulosa cells in vitro improve progesterone secretion. The over-expression of ENO1 protein can enhance the abilities of proliferation and migration in gastric cancer cells of AGS, which indicates that ENO1 may be an important potential tumor-marker associated with the development of gastric cancer. ENO1 and GPI can be used as markers of human sperm freezability before starting the cryopreservation procedure. The inhibition of ENO1 expression may be a novel strategy for therapy for NHLs patients, and it may be a target for drug resistance.
|
|||||
TMPY-01055 | IL-4R Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
The cluster of differentiation (CD) system is commonly used as cell markers in Immunophenotyping. Different kinds of cells in the immune system can be identified through the surface CD molecules associating with the immune function of the cell. There are more than 320 CD unique clusters and subclusters have been identified. Some of the CD molecules serve as receptors or ligands important to the cell through initiating a signal cascade which then alters the behavior of the cell. Some CD proteins do not take part in the cell signal process but have other functions such as cell adhesion. CD124, also known as the interleukin 4 receptor (IL4R), is a typeⅠ transmembrane protein that can regulate IgE antibody production in B cells through binding to interleukin 4 and interleukin 13 and promote differentiation of Th2 cells through binding to interleukin 4. The membrane-bound form of CD124 can be hydrolyzed to a soluble form which can inhibit IL4-mediated cell proliferation and IL5 upregulation by T-cells.
|
|||||
TMPY-01834 | CD16/FCGR3 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (aa 32-215, His) | Mouse | HEK293 | ||
Fc receptors bind the most common class of antibody, IgG, are called Fc gamma receptors (FcγR). FcγR is divided into three classes, Fc γ RI (CD64), Fc γ RII (CD32), and Fc γ RIII (CD16). CD16 protein is a multifunctional, low/intermediate affinity receptor, which belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is found on the surface of natural killer cells, neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes and macrophages. Mouse CD16 is encoded by a single gene, while, human CD16 is expressed as two distinct forms (CD16a/FcγRIIIa and CD16b/FcγRIIIb) encoded by two different highly homologous genes in a cell type-specific manner. CD16 is involved in phagocytosis, secretion of enzymes, inflammatory mediators, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and clearance of immune complexes.
|
|||||
TMPY-01912 | Cadherin 17/CDH17 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Cadherin-17 or LI-cadherin is a member of the cadherin superfamily, genes encoding calcium-dependent, membrane-associated glycoproteins. Cadherin-17/LI-cadherin is a cadherin-like protein consisting of an extracellular region, 7 cadherin domains, and a transmembrane region but lacking the conserved cytoplasmic domain. The protein is a component of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreatic ducts, acting as an intestinal proton-dependent peptide transporter in the first step in oral absorption of many medically important peptide-based drugs. The protein may also play a role in the morphological organization of liver and intestine. Alternative splicing of the encoding gene results in multiple transcript variants. Cadherin-17/LI-cadherin preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells. Cadherin-17 may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types and have a role in the morphological organization of liver and intestine. It's also involved in intestinal peptide transport. Experiments have reported the association between Cadherin-17/LI-cadherin and gastric cancer. Cadherin-17/LI-cadherin expression was detected in 63/94 of gastric adenocarcinomas in addition to intestinal metaplasia. The expression of Cadherin-17 tended to be associated with intestinal type carcinoma, and carcinomas with Cadherin-17 expression was significantly more frequent in advanced stage cases than in early stage. Cadherin-17 is also a useful immunohistochemical marker for diagnosis of adenocarcinomas of the digestive system.
|
|||||
TMPY-04810 | CD47 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) | Mouse | HEK293 | ||
CD47 contains 1 Ig-like V-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain and is a receptor for the C-terminal cell binding domain of thrombospondin. It may play a role in membrane transport and signal transduction. CD47 is also a membrane protein, which is involved in the increase in intracellular calcium concentration that occurs upon cell adhesion to extracellular matrix. It is very broadly distributed on normal adult tissues, as well as ovarian tumors, being especially abundant in some epithelia and the brain. CD47 may play a role in membrane transport and/or integrin dependent signal transduction. It may prevent premature elimination of red blood cells. It also may be involved in membrane permeability changes induced following virus infection. By acting as an adhesion receptor for THBS1 on platelets, CD47 plays a role in both cell adhesion and in the modulation of integrins. It also plays an important role in memory formation and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus.Cancer ImmunotherapyCo-inhibitory Immune Checkpoint TargetsImmune CheckpointImmune Checkpoint Detection: AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: ELISA AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: WB AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint TargetsImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
|
|||||
TMPY-05277 | IL-4R Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
The cluster of differentiation (CD) system is commonly used as cell markers in Immunophenotyping. Different kinds of cells in the immune system can be identified through the surface CD molecules associating with the immune function of the cell. There are more than 320 CD unique clusters and subclusters have been identified. Some of the CD molecules serve as receptors or ligands important to the cell through initiating a signal cascade which then alters the behavior of the cell. Some CD proteins do not take part in the cell signal process but have other functions such as cell adhesion. CD124, also known as the interleukin 4 receptor (IL4R), is a typeⅠ transmembrane protein that can regulate IgE antibody production in B cells through binding to interleukin 4 and interleukin 13 and promote differentiation of Th2 cells through binding to interleukin 4. The membrane-bound form of CD124 can be hydrolyzed to a soluble form which can inhibit IL4-mediated cell proliferation and IL5 upregulation by T-cells.
|
|||||
TMPY-05579 | PVRL1/NECTIN1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc), Biotinylated | Human | HEK293 | ||
Poliovirus receptor-related 1 (herpesvirus entry mediator C; nectin-1; CD111), also known as PVRL1 is a cell adhesion molecule belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily that can bind to virion glycoprotein D (gD) to mediate entry of herpes simplex viruses (HSV) and pseudorabies virus (PRV). CD111/Nectin-1/PVRL1 colocalizes with E-cadherin at adherens junctions in epithelial cells. The disruption of cell junctions can result in the redistribution of nectin-1. To determine whether disruption of junctions by calcium depletion influenced the susceptibility of epithelial cells to viral entry, Madin-Darby canine kidney cells expressing endogenous nectin-1 or transfected human nectin-1 were tested for the ability to bind soluble forms of viral gD and to be infected by HSV and PRV, before and after calcium depletion. It has been revealed that binding of HSV and PRV gD was localized to adherens junctions in cells maintained in normal medium but was distributed, along with nectin-1, over the entire cell surface after calcium depletion. Both the binding of gD and the fraction of cells that could be infected by HSV-1 and PRV were enhanced by calcium depletion. Taken together, CD111/Nectin-1/PVRL1 confined to adherens junctions in epithelial cells is not very accessible to virus, whereas dissociation of cell junctions releases nectin-1 to serve more efficiently as an entry recptor.
|
|||||
TMPY-01608 | Decorin Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Decorin is a ubiquitous small cellular or pericellular matrix proteoglycan and is closely related in structure to biglycan protein. It belongs to the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family and consists of a core protein and a covalently linked glycosaminoglycan chain which is either chondroitin sulfate (CS) or dermatan sulfate (DS). As a component of connective tissue, decorin interacts with several extracellular matrix components, such as type I collagen and fibronectin, and plays a role in matrix assembly. Decorin resides in the tumor microenvironment and affects the biology of various types of cancer by downregulating the activity of several receptors involved in cell growth and survival. Decorin binds to and modulates the signaling of the epidermal growth factor receptor and other members of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases. It exerts its antitumor activity by a dual mechanism: via inhibition of these key receptors through their physical downregulation coupled with attenuation of their signaling, and by binding to and sequestering TGFbeta. Decorin also modulates the insulin-like growth factor receptor and the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1, which indirectly affects the TGFbeta receptor pathway. Decorin plays significant roles in tissue development and assembly, as well as playing both direct and indirect signaling roles.
|
|||||
TMPY-01280 | FOLR2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Folate receptor beta, also known as Folate receptor 2, FBP, and FOLR2, is a member of the folate receptor family. FOLR2 is expressed in placenta and hematopoietic cells. The expression of FOLR2 is increased in malignant tissues. Members of the Folate receptor family members (FOLRs) have a high affinity for folic acid and for several reduced folic acid derivatives. They mediate the delivery of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate to the interior of, out of within, or between cells in a process known as potocytosis. FOLR2 has a 68% and 79% sequence homology with the FOLR1 and FOLR3 proteins, respectively. The FOLR2 protein was originally thought to exist only in placenta, but is also detected in spleen, bone marrow, and thymus. FOLR2 is a marker for macrophages generated in the presence of M-CSF, but not GM-CSF. Its expression correlates with increased folate uptake ability. Folate conjugates of therapeutic drugs are a potential immunotherapy tool to target tumor-associated macrophages.
|
|||||
TMPY-00843 | IL-25/IL17E Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Interleukin-25 (IL-25) is a cytokine that shares sequence similarity with interleukin 17. This cytokine can induce NF-kappaB activation, and stimulate the production of interleukin 8. Both this cytokine and interleukin 17B are ligands for the cytokine receptor IL17BR. IL-25 is a member of the IL-17 family of cytokines. However, unlike the other members of this family, IL-25 promotes T helper (Th) 2 responses. IL-25 also regulates the development of autoimmune inflammation mediated by IL-17–producing T cells. IL-25 and IL-17, being members of the same cytokine family, play opposing roles in the pathogenesis of organ-specific autoimmunity. IL-25 promotes cell expansion and Th2 cytokine production when Th2 central memory cells are stimulated with thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)–activated dendritic cells (DCs), homeostatic cytokines, or T cell receptor for antigen triggering. Elevated expression of IL-25 and IL-25R transcripts was observed in asthmatic lung tissues and atopic dermatitis skin lesions, linking their possible roles with exacerbated allergic disorders. A plausible explanation that IL-25 produced by innate effector eosinophils and basophils may augment the allergic inflammation by enhancing the maintenance and functions of adaptive Th2 memory cells had been provided.
|
|||||
TMPY-01462 | IL-11R alpha/IL-11RA Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Interleukin 11 receptor, alpha subunit (IL11RA/IL-11RA) is a subunit of the interleukin 11 receptor which is a member of the hematopoietic cytokine receptor family. IL11RA/IL-11RA is expressed in some cell lines, including the myelogenous leukemia cell line K562, the megakaryocytic leukemia cell line Mo7E, the erythroleukemia cell line TF1, and the osteosarcoma cell lines, MG-63 and Saos-2. It is also expressed in normal and malignant prostate epithelial cell lines. Expression levels are increased in prostate carcinoma. This particular receptor is very similar to the ciliary neurotrophic factor since both contain an extracellular region with a 2-domain structure composed of an immunoglobulin-like domain and a cytokine receptor-like domain. Alternative splicing has been observed at this locus, and three variants encoding two different isoforms have been identified. IL11RA/IL-11RA is a receptor for interleukin-11. The receptor systems for IL6, LIF, OSM, CNTF, IL11, and CT1 can utilize IL6ST for initiating signal transmission. Defects in IL11RA/IL-11RA are a cause of craniosynostosis and dental anomalies (CRSDA). CRSDA is a disorder characterized by craniosynostosis, maxillary hypoplasia, and dental anomalies, including malocclusion, delayed and ectopic tooth eruption, and/or supernumerary teeth. Some patients also display minor digit anomalies, such as syndactyly and/or clinodactyly.
|
|||||
TMPY-03256 | NKG2D/CD314 Protein, Human, Recombinant (aa 78-216, His) | Human | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
KLRK1 (Killer Cell Lectin Like Receptor K1) is a Protein Coding gene. NKG2D, also known as CD314, is an immune receptor that consists of two disulfide-linked type II transmembrane proteins with short intracellular proteins incapable to transduce signals. To transduce signals, NKG2D needs adaptor proteins and it uses two adaptor proteins, DAP10 and DAP12. These two adaptor proteins associate as homodimers to NKG2D- therefore the entire receptor complex appears as a hexamer. NKG2D can send co-stimulatory signals to activate CD8 T cells. NKG2D also plays an important role in viral control. Cellular stress can induce ligands for NKG2D which results in the cell susceptible to NK cell-mediated lysis.
|
|||||
TMPY-00939 | Thrombopoietin Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) | Mouse | HEK293 | ||
Thrombopoietin (TPO or THPO), also known as myeloproliferative leukemia virus ligand (c-Mpl), is a hematopoietic growth factor belonging to the EPO/TPO family. The thrombopoietin protein is produced mainly by the liver and the kidney that regulates the production of platelets by the bone marrow. Thrombopoietin protein stimulates both proliferation of progenitor megakaryocytes and their maturation to platelet-producing megakaryocytes, and also accelerates the recovery of platelets. Thrombopoietin protein is involved in cardiovascular disease as it regulates megakaryocyte development and enhances platelet adhesion/aggregation. It has been identified that surface c-MPL, the receptor for thrombopoietin protein, binds to the ligand and mediates the action.
|
|||||
TMPY-05435 | ANGPT1/Angiopoietin-1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
The angiopoietin (ANGPT)-TIE2/TEK signaling pathway is essential for blood and lymphatic vascular homeostasis. ANGPT1 is a potent TIE2 activator, whereas ANGPT2 functions as a context-dependent agonist/antagonist. In disease, ANGPT2-mediated inhibition of TIE2 in blood vessels is linked to vascular leak, inflammation, and metastasis. Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is a leading cause of blindness in children worldwide and is caused by developmental defects in 2 aqueous humor outflow structures, Schlemm's canal (SC) and the trabecular meshwork. We previously identified loss-of-function mutations in the angiopoietin (ANGPT) receptor TEK in families with PCG and showed that ANGPT/TEK signaling is essential for SC development. A role for the major ANGPT ligands in the development of the aqueous outflow pathway. We determined that ANGPT1 is essential for SC development, and that Angpt1-knockout mice form a severely hypomorphic canal with elevated intraocular pressure. By linking ANGPT1 with PCG, these results highlight the importance of ANGPT/TEK signaling in glaucoma pathogenesis and identify a candidate target for therapeutic development.
|
|||||
TMPY-03762 | E-Cadherin/Cadherin-1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins which preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells, and thus may contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell type. E-cadherin (E-Cad), also known as CDH1 and CD324, is a calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecule the intact function of which is crucial for the establishment and maintenance of epithelial tissue polarity and structural integrity. Mutations in CDH1 occur in diffuse type gastric cancer, lobular breast cancer, and endometrial cancer. In human cancers, partial or complete loss of E-cadherin expression correlates with malignancy. During apoptosis or with calcium influx, E-Cad is cleaved by the metalloproteinase to produce fragments of about 38 kDa (E-CAD/CTF1), 33 kDa (E-CAD/CTF2) and 29 kDa (E-CAD/CTF3), respectively. E-Cad has been identified as a potent invasive suppressor, as downregulation of E-cadherin expression is involved in dysfunction of the cell-cell adhesion system, and often correlates with strong invasive potential and poor prognosis of human carcinomas.
|
|||||
TMPY-01431 | L1CAM Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM), also designated as CD171, is a cell adhesion receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily, known for its roles in nerve cell function. While originally believed to be present only in brain cells, in recent years L1-CAM has been detected in other tissues, and a variety of cancer cells, including some common types of human cancer. L1CAM interacts with a variety of ligands including axonin-1, CD9, neurocan, and integrins, and it has been revealed that the RGD motif in the sixth Ig domain of L1CAM is a binding site for integrins, thus important for nuclear signaling. Disruption of L1CAM function causes three X-linked neurological syndromes, i.e. hydrocephalus, MASA syndrome (mental retardation, aphasia, shuffling gait, and adducted thumbs), and spastic paraplegia syndrome. Overexpression of L1CAM in normal and cancer cells increased motility, enhanced growth rate, and promoted cell transformation and tumorigenicity. Recent work has identified L1CAM (CD171) as a novel marker for human carcinoma progression, and a candidate for anti-cancer therapy.
|
|||||
TMPY-01701 | IL-12RB1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Interleukin 12 receptor, beta 1 is also known as IL-12 receptor beta component, IL-12R subunit beta-1, and CD212 antigen (CD212). IL12RB1(CD212) is a subunit of the interleukin 12 receptor. IL12RB1(CD212) is a type I transmembrane protein that belongs to the hemopoietin receptor superfamily. This protein binds to interleukin 12 (IL12) with a low affinity and is thought to be a part of the IL12 receptor complex. IL12RB1(CD212) forms a disulfide-linked oligomer, which is required for its IL12 binding activity. The coexpression of IL12RB1 and IL12RB2 proteins was shown to lead to the formation of high-affinity IL12 binding sites and reconstitution of IL12 dependent signaling. The lack of expression of this gene was found to result in the immunodeficiency of patients with severe mycobacterial and Salmonella infections. IL12RB1(CD212) Functions as an interleukin receptor that binds interleukin-12 with low affinity and is involved in IL12 transduction. It is associated with IL12RB2 it forms a functional, high-affinity receptor for IL12. IL12RB1(CD212) associates also with IL23R to form the interleukin-23 receptor which functions in IL23 signal transduction probably through activation of the Jak-Stat signaling cascade.
|
|||||
TMPY-01907 | VSIG4 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
VSIG4 (V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 4), also known as complement receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily (CRIg) and Z39Ig, is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein. It is a B7 family-related protein and an Ig superfamily member. In contrast to the B7 family members which contain two IgG domains, VSIG4 contains one complete V-type I g domain and a truncated C-type I g domain. VSIG4 is exclusively expressed on tissue resident macrophages and binds to multimers of C3b and iC3b that are covalently attached to particle surfaces. No VSIG4 expression appears to be present in T and B cells. VSIG4 functions as a negative regulator of T cell activation, and may be involved in the maintenance of peripheral T cell tolerance, and is also identified as a potent suppressor of established inflammation. Mouse VSIG4 is synthesized as a 28 amino acid precursor that contains a signal sequence, a V-type I g domain (aa 36-115), one potential N-linked glycosylation site, and a single transmembrane domain. The V-type I g domain of mouse VSIG4 shares 86% and 8% aa sequence identity with the V-type I g domains of rat and human VSIG4, respectively.
|
|||||
TMPY-02115 | R-Spondin 3/RSPO3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (aa 1-146, His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
R-spondin 3 (RSPO3) is a member of the R-Spondin (RSPO) family in vertebrates that activate Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, plays a key role in these processes. The RSPO family of secreted Wnt modulators is involved in development and disease and holds therapeutic promise as stem cell growth factors. The four members have high structural homology. RSPO2 and RSPO3 are more potent than RSPO1, whereas RSPO4 is relatively inactive. All RSPO members require Wnt ligands and LRP6 for activity and amplify signaling of Wnt3A, Wnt1, and Wnt7A, suggesting that RSPO proteins are general regulators of canonical Wnt signaling. RSPO3/PCP signaling during gastrulation requires Wnt5a and is transduced via Fz7, Dvl, and JNK. RSPO3 functions by inducing Sdc4-dependent, clathrin-mediated endocytosis. RSPO3 is a novel, evolutionarily conserved angiogenic factor in embryogenesis. RSPO3 has a key role in the interaction between chorion and allantois in labyrinthine development.
|
|||||
TMPY-04793 | IL-35 Protein, Human, Recombinant (Flag & His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
IL12A is a subunit of a cytokine that acts on T and natural killer cells and has a broad array of biological activities. The cytokine is a disulfide-linked heterodimer composed of the 35-kD subunit encoded by this gene, and a 40-kD subunit that is a member of the cytokine receptor family. IL12A, together with IL27B, form a disulfide-linked heterodimer: IL12A&IL27B. IL12A&IL27B is required for the T-cell-independent induction of IFN-gamma and is important for the differentiation of both Th1 and Th2 cells. The responses of lymphocytes to this cytokine are mediated by the activator of transcription protein STAT4. Nitric oxide synthase 2A (NOS2A/NOS2) is found to be required for the signaling process of IL12A&IL27B in innate immunity.
|
|||||
TMPY-06076 | LILRA2/CD85h/ILT1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
LILRA2 (Leukocyte Immunoglobulin Like Receptor A2, also known as LIR7 and ILT1) is a Protein Coding gene. The encoded protein is an activating receptor that inhibits dendritic cell differentiation and antigen presentation and suppresses the innate immune response. It is an activating receptor highly expressed in inflammatory tissues and is involved in granulocyte and macrophage activation. LILRA2 is primarily expressed on the surface of cells of the innate immunity including monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils but not on lymphocytes and NK cells. LILRA2 cross-linking on monocytes induces pro-inflammatory cytokines while inhibiting dendritic cell differentiation and antigen presentation. Diseases associated with LILRA2 include Tuberculoid Leprosy and Leprosy 3.
|
|||||
TMPY-02105 | SCF Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) | Mouse | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
Similar to Kit ligand precursor (C-kit ligand), also known as Stem cell factor (SCF), Mast cell growth factor (MGF), or Hematopoietic growth factor KL. SCF/C-kit ligand is the ligand of the tyrosine-kinase receptor encoded by the KIT locus. This ligand is a pleiotropic factor that acts in utero in germ cell and neural cell development, and hematopoiesis, all believed to reflect a role in cell migration. In adults, it functions pleiotropically, while mostly noted for its continued requirement in hematopoiesis. SCF/C-kit ligand stimulates the proliferation of mast cells. This protein can augment the proliferation of both myeloid and lymphoid hematopoietic progenitors in bone marrow culture. It may act synergistically with other cytokines, probably interleukins SCF/C-kit ligand is the ligand for the tyrosine kinase receptor c-kit, which is expressed on both primitive and mature hematopoietic progenitor cells. In vitro, SCF/C-kit ligand synergizes with other growth factors, such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin-3 to stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of cells of the lymphoid, myeloid, erythroid, and megakaryocytic lineages. In vivo, SCF/C-kit also synergizes with other growth factors and has been shown to enhance the mobilization of peripheral blood progenitor cells in combination with G-CSF. In phase I/II clinical studies administration of the combination of SCF and G-CSF resulted in a two- to threefold increase in cells that express the CD34 antigen compared with G-CSF alone.
|
|||||
TMPY-00828 | Iduronate 2 sulfatase/IDS Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Iduronate 2-Sulfatase, also known as IDS, is a member of the highly conserved sulfatase family of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of O- and N-sulfate esters from a variety of substrates. The human Iduronate 2-Sulfatase/IDS consists of a signal peptide, a propeptide, and a mature chain that may be further processed into two chains. Among the identified 18 human sulfatases, Iduronate 2-Sulfatase/IDS is required for the lysosomal degradation of the glycosaminoglycans (GAG), heparan sulfate, and dermatan sulfate. Multiple mutations in this X-chromosome localized gene result in Iduronate 2-Sulfatase/IDS enzymatic deficiency and lead to the sex-linked Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II (MPS II ), also known as Hunter Syndrome characterized by the lysosomal accumulation of the GAG and their excretion in urine. MPS II has a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from mild to severe due to the level of Iduronate 2-Sulfatase/IDS enzyme. Retroviral-mediated Iduronate 2-Sulfatase/IDS gene transfer into lymphoid cells would be a promising gene therapeutic strategy.
|
|||||
TMPY-00991 | LIFR Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
LIFR (leukemia inhibitory factor receptor) belongs to the family of cytokine receptors. LIFR forms a high-affinity receptor complex with gp130, which mediates the activity of LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor) and thus affects the differentiation, proliferation, and survival of a wide variety of cells in the adult and the embryo. Besides LIF, LIFR can also bind to and activate CNTF (ciliary neurotrophic factor) and CLC (Cardiotrophin Like Cytokine). Evidence showed that in the retina, LIFR activating LIF, CT-1, and Cardiotrophin Like Cytokine (CLC) are strongly upregulated in response to preconditioning with bright cyclic light leading to robust activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) in a time-dependent manner. Further, blocking LIFR activation during preconditioning using a LIFR antagonist (LIF05) attenuated the induced STAT3 activation and also resulted in reduced preconditioning-induced protection of the retinal photoreceptors. These data demonstrate that LIFR and its ligands play an essential role in endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms triggered by preconditioning-induced stress. LIFR was newly found to be a suppressor of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the world's top five causes of cancer-related deaths.
|
|||||
TMPY-03630 | MZB1/PERP1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
MZB1 (Marginal Zone B And B1 Cell Specific Protein, also known as MEDA-7 and pERp1) is a Protein Coding gene. MZB1 is a B-cell-specific and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized protein implicated in antibody secretion and integrin-mediated cell adhesion. MZB1 is important for B cell function as a key regulator of antibody secretion, calcium homeostasis, and adhesion. MZB1 may play a central role in B cell neoplasms and is a potential target for future therapeutic interventions. Low MZB1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for recurrence after curative gastrectomy and was associated significantly with increased hematogenous recurrence. MZB1 acts as a suppressor of gastric cancer (GC). Low MZB1 expression in the primary GC tissue is predictive of recurrence after curative resection.
|
|||||
TMPY-05566 | Siglec-2/CD22 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His, Solution) | Human | HEK293 | ||
CD22 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, SIGLEC family of lectins. It is first expressed in the cytoplasm of pro-B and pre-B cells, and on the surface as B cells mature to become IgD+. CD22 serves as an adhesion receptor for sialic acid-bearing ligands expressed on erythrocytes and all leukocyte classes. In addition to its potential role as a mediator of intercellular interactions, signal transduction through CD22 can activate B cells and modulate antigen receptor signaling in vitro. The phenotype of CD22-deficient mice suggests that CD22 is primarily involved in the generation of mature B cells within the bone marrow, blood, and marginal zones of lymphoid tissues. CD22 recruits the tyrosine phosphatase Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 1 (SHP-1) to immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) and inhibits B-cell receptor (BCR)-induced Ca2+ signaling on normal B cells. CD22 interacts specifically with ligands carrying alpha2-6-linked sialic acids. As an inhibitory coreceptor of the B-cell receptor (BCR), CD22 plays a critical role in establishing signalling thresholds for B-cell activation. Like other coreceptors, the ability of CD22 to modulate B-cell signalling is critically dependent upon its proximity to the BCR, and this in turn is governed by the binding of its extracellular domain to alpha2,6-linked sialic acid ligands. However, genetic studies in mice reveal that some CD22 functions are regulated by ligand binding, whereas other functions are ligand-independent and may only require expression of an intact CD22 cytoplasmic domain at the B-cell surface. CD19 regulates CD22 phosphorylation by augmenting Lyn kinase activity, while CD22 inhibits CD19 phosphorylation via SHP-1.Cancer ImmunotherapyImmune CheckpointImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
|
|||||
TMPY-06051 | SIRP alpha Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type substrate 1, also known as SHP substrate 1, Inhibitory receptor SHPS-1, Brain Ig-like molecule with tyrosine-based activation motifs, Macrophage fusion receptor, CD172 antigen-like family member A, SIRPA and CD172a, is a single-pass type I membrane protein which contains two Ig-like C1-type (immunoglobulin-like) domains and one Ig-like V-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain. SIRPA is ubiquitously expressed. It is highly expressed in brain and detected at lower levels in heart, placenta, lung, testis, ovary, colon, liver, small intestine, prostate, spleen, kidney, skeletal muscle and pancreas. It is also detected on myeloid cells, but not T-cells. SIRPA is an immunoglobulin-like cell surface receptor for CD47. SIRPA acts as docking protein and induces translocation of PTPN6, PTPN11 and other binding partners from the cytosol to the plasma membrane. SIRPA supports adhesion of cerebellar neurons, neurite outgrowth and glial cell attachment. It may play a key role in intracellular signaling during synaptogenesis and in synaptic function. SIRPA is involved in the negative regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase-coupled cellular responses induced by cell adhesion, growth factors or insulin. It mediates negative regulation of phagocytosis, mast cell activation and dendritic cell activation.Cancer ImmunotherapyCo-inhibitory Immune Checkpoint TargetsImmune CheckpointImmune Checkpoint Detection: ELISA AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: FCM AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: IHC AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: IP AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: WB AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint TargetsImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
|
|||||
TMPY-01410 | IL-3R alpha/CD123 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Interleukin-3 receptor subunit alpha, also known as IL-3 receptor subunit alpha, IL-3R-alpha, CD123, and IL3RA, is a single-pass type I membrane protein that belongs to the type I cytokine receptor family and Type 5 subfamily. The specific alpha subunit of the interleukin-3 receptor (IL-3Ralpha, CD123) is strongly expressed in various leukemic blasts and leukemic stem cells and seems to be an excellent target for the therapy of leukemias. The WSXWS motif of IL3RA appears to be necessary for proper protein folding and thereby efficient intracellular transport and cell-surface receptor binding. The box one motif of IL3RA is required for JAK interaction and/or activation. IL3RA represents a unique marker for primitive leukemic stem cells. Targeting of IL3RA may be a promising strategy for the preferential ablation of AML cells. Aberrant IL3RA expression is a good marker for monitoring of minimal residual disease. IL3RA is strongly expressed in various leukemic blasts and leukemic stem cells and seems to be an excellent target for the therapy of leukemias. Recent studies have shown that interleukin-3 receptor alpha (CD123) is highly expressed on leukemia stem cells of patients with acute myeloid leukemia, and is correlated with tumor load and poor prognosis. CD123 was highly expressed in the bone marrow of the patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), significantly correlated with the proportion of bone marrow blasts, and thus might be the marker of MDS malignant clone. IL3RA is also a useful new marker for distinguishing B-cell disorders with circulating villous lymphocytes as its expression is characteristic of typical hairy cell leukemia (HCL) with high sensitivity and specificity.
|
|||||
TMPY-00908 | Renin Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Renin-1, also known as Ren-1, Angiotensinogenase and Kidney renin, is a member of the peptidase A1 family. Renin-1 is synthesized by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney in response to decreased blood pressure and sodium concentration. androgen and thyroid hormones influence levels of Renin-1 in mouse submandibular gland (SMG) primarily by regulating the amount of Renin-1 mRNA available for translation. Renin-1 is a highly specific endopeptidase, whose only known function is to generate angiotensin I from angiotensinogen in the plasma, initiating a cascade of reactions that produce an elevation of blood pressure and increased sodium retention by the kidney. It is expressed at relatively low levels in mouse SMG and kidney. Ren-2 is expressed at high levels in the mouse SMG and at very low levels, if at all, in the kidney. Ren-1 and Ren-2 are closely linked on mouse chromosome 1, show extensive homology in coding and noncoding regions and provide a model for studying the regulation of gene expression.
|
|||||
TMPY-04956 | HER3/ERBB3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His), Biotinylated | Human | HEK293 | ||
ErbB3, also known as Her3(human epidermal growth factor receptor3), is a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases. This membrane-bound glycoprotein has a neuregulin binding domain but has not an active kinase domain., and therefore can not mediate the intracellular signal transduction through protein phosphorylation. However, its heterodimer with ErbB2 or other EGFR members responsible for tyrosine phosphorylation forms a receptor complex with high affinity, and initiates the related pathway which lead to cell proliferation or differentiation. ErbB3 has been shown to implicated in numerous cancers, including prostate, bladder, and breast tumors. This protein has different isoforms derived from alternative splicing variants, and among which, the secreted isoform lacking the intermembrane region modulates the activity of membrane-bound form.Cancer ImmunotherapyImmune CheckpointImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
|
|||||
TMPY-04483 | IRAK4 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4, also known as Renal carcinoma antigen NY-REN-64, IRAK-4, and IRAK4, is a member of the protein kinase superfamily, TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family, and Pelle subfamily. IRAK4 contains one death domain and one protein kinase domain. IRAK4 is required for the efficient recruitment of IRAK1 to the IL-1 receptor complex following IL-1 engagement, triggering intracellular signaling cascades leading to transcriptional up-regulation and mRNA stabilization. It also phosphorylates IRAK1. A member of the IL-1 receptor (IL-1R)-associated kinase (IRAK) family, IRAK4, has been shown to play an essential role in Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated signaling. IL-1-mediated IRAK4 kinase activity in T cells is essential for the induction of IL-23R expression, Th17 differentiation, and autoimmune disease. Pharmacological blocking of IRAK4 kinase activity will retain some levels of host defense while reducing the levels and duration of inflammatory responses, which should provide beneficial therapies for sepsis and chronic inflammatory diseases. Defects in IRAK4 are the cause of recurrent isolated invasive pneumococcal disease type 1 (IPD1) which is defined as two episodes of IPD occurring at least 1 month apart, whether caused by the same or different serotypes or strains. Recurrent IPD occurs in at least 2% of patients in most series, making IPD the most important known risk factor for subsequent IPD. Defects in IRAK4 are also the cause of IRAK4 deficiency which causes extracellular pyogenic bacterial and fungal infections in otherwise healthy children.
|
|||||
TMPY-01139 | PDGFRA Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
PDGFRA, also known as CD140a, together with the structurally homolog protein PDGFRB (CD140b), are cell surface receptors for members of the platelet-derived growth factor family. They are members of the class III subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTKs) with the similar structure characteristics of five immunoglobulin-like domains in their extracellular region and a split kinase domain in their intracellular region. PDGFRA is expressed in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and mesothelial cell, and binds all three ligand isoforms PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB and PDGF-AB with high affinity, whereas PDGFRB dose not bind PDGF-AA. PDGFRA plays an essential role in regulating proliferation, chemotaxis and migration of mesangial cells. Recent studies have indicated that PDGFRA acts as a critical mediator of signaling in testis organogenesis and Leydig cell differentiation, and in addition, particularly important for kidney development. Additionally, PDGFRA is involved in tumor angiogenesis and maintenance of the tumor microenvironment and has been implicated in development and metastasis of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). PDGFRA may represent a potential therapeutic target in thymic tumours. PDGFRA gene amplification rather than gene mutation may be the underlying genetic mechanism driving PDGFRA overexpression in a portion of gliomas.Cancer ImmunotherapyImmune CheckpointImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
|