目录号 | 产品详情 | 靶点 | |
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T6278 | PKC | ||
Sotrastaurin (AEB071) 是一种口服有效的泛 PKC 抑制剂,对 PKCθ、PKCβ、PKCα、PKCη、PKCδ 和 PKCε,Ki 分别为 0.22、0.64、0.95、1.8、2.1 和 3.2 nM。 | |||
T26019 | Others PKC | ||
R59949 是一种泛二酰甘油激酶(DGK)抑制剂,IC50为 300 nM。它通过提高内源性配体二酰甘油水平来激活蛋白激酶 C(PKC)。它强烈抑制 Ⅰ 型 DGKα 和 γ 的活性,中度减弱 Ⅱ 型 DGKθ 和 κ 的活性。 | |||
T7885 | ROCK Akt PKC | ||
Afuresertib hydrochloride 是一个口服有效的,ATP 竞争性的选择性泛Akt 抑制剂,作用于Akt1、Akt2和Akt3,Ki 值分别为 0.08、2和 2.6 nM。 | |||
T14943 | VEGFR CDK PKC | ||
CGP60474 是一种高效的抗内毒素药物,抑制细胞周期蛋白依赖激酶(CDK) ,抑制 CDK1/B、CDK2/E、CDK2/a、CDK4/D、CDK5/p25、CDK7/H 和 CDK9/T 的IC50分别为 26、3、4、216、10、200 和 13 nM。它是选择性和 ATP 竞争性PKC 抑制剂。 | |||
T61604 | |||
PKC-IN-4 (compound 7l) is a highly potent and orally active inhibitor of atypical protein kinase C (aPKC), exhibiting an IC 50 value of 0.52 μM. In vitro studies have demonstrated that PKC-IN-4 effectively suppresses NF-κB activity induced by TNF-α. Moreover, this compound effectively impedes the permeability of the retinal vasculature, induced by both VEGF and TNFα. [1] | |||
T75885 | |||
PKCβ pseudosubstrate TFA 是一种选择性的、细胞渗透的 PKC 抑制剂。 | |||
T14989 | ROCK GRK PKC | ||
CMPD101 是膜透性的 GRK2/3高选择性小分子抑制剂,IC50分别为 18 nM 和 5.4 nM。它针对 GRK1、GRK5 ROCK-2 和 PKCα 的选择性较小,IC50值分别为 3.1 μM,2.3 μM,1.4 μM 和 8.1 μM,可研究心衰疾病。 | |||
T3419 | Apoptosis BCL PKC Autophagy | ||
Chelerythrine chloride 是一种可渗透细胞的蛋白激酶 C 抑制剂,对磷酸盐受体具有竞争性,而对 ATP 是非竞争性的。它诱导细胞凋亡和自噬。 | |||
T11740 | PKC | ||
Delcasertib (KAI-9803) 是一种有效且选择性的 δ-蛋白激酶 C (δPKC) 抑制剂,可改善急性心肌梗死动物模型的缺血再灌注损伤。 | |||
T22464 | Others PKC | ||
1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycerol (1,2-DMG) 是饱和二酰甘油的一种,可作为激活 PKC 的弱活性第二信使。 |
目录号 | 产品名/同用名 | 种属 | 表达系统 | ||
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TMPY-04456 | PKC nu Protein, Human, Recombinant (GST) | Human | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
Serine/threonine-protein kinase D3, also known as Protein kinase C nu type, Protein kinase EPK2, PRKD3, EPK2 and PRKCN, is a cytoplasm and membrane protein that belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family and PKD subfamily. PRKD3 / PRKCN contains one PH domain, two phorbol-ester/DAG-type zinc fingers and one protein kinase domain. Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine- and threonine-specific protein kinases that can be activated by calcium and the second messenger diacylglycerol. PKC family members phosphorylate a wide variety of protein targets and are known to be involved in diverse cellular signaling pathways. They also serve as major receptors for phorbol esters, a class of tumor promoters. Each member of the PKC family has a specific expression profile and is believed to play a distinct role. PRKD3 / PRKCN converts transient diacylglycerol (DAG) signals into prolonged physiological effects, downstream of PKC. It is involved in resistance to oxidative stress. PRKD3 / PRKCN is activated by DAG and phorbol esters. Phorbol-ester/DAG-type domains 1 and 2 bind both DAG and phorbol ester with high affinity and mediate translocation to the cell membrane. Autophosphorylation of Ser-735 and phosphorylation of Ser-731 by PKC relieves auto-inhibition by the PH domain. PRKD3 / PRKCN can be activated rapidly by the agonists of G protein-coupled receptors. It resides in both cytoplasm and nucleus, and its nuclear accumulation is found to be dramatically enhanced in response to its activation. PRKD3 / PRKCN can also be activated after B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) engagement, which requires intact phospholipase C gamma and the involvement of other PKC family members.
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TMPY-04455 | PKC iota Protein, Human, Recombinant (GST) | Human | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
Protein kinase C iota type, also known as Atypical protein kinase C-lambda/iota, aPKC-lambda/iota and PRKCI, is a cytoplasm, membrane and nucleus protein which belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family and PKC subfamily. PRKCI contains one AGC-kinase C-terminal domain, one OPR domain, one phorbol-ester/DAG-type zinc finger and one protein kinase domain. PRKCI is predominantly expressed in lung and brain, but also expressed at lower levels in many tissues including pancreatic islets. It is highly expressed in non-small cell lung cancers. PRKCI is a calcium-independent, phospholipid-dependent, serine- and threonine-specific kinase. It may play a role in the secretory response to nutrients. PRKCI is involved in cell polarization processes and the formation of epithelial tight junctions. It is implicated in the activation of several signaling pathways including Ras, c-Src and NF-kappa-B pathways. PRKCI functions in both pro- and anti-apoptotic pathways. It functions in the RAC1/ERK signaling required for transformed growth. PRKCI plays a role in microtubule dynamics through interaction with RAB2A and GAPDH and recruitment to vesicular tubular clusters (VTCs). PRKCI might be a target for novel lipid activators that are elevated during nutrient-stimulated insulin secretion.
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TMPJ-01261 | PPP1R14A Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Protein Phosphatase 1 Regulatory Subunit 14A (PPP1R14A) belongs to the PP1 inhibitor family. PPP1R14A is mapped to chromosome 19q13.13-q13.2. PPP1R14A binds directly to protein kinase C and casein kinase I. Meantime, PPP1R14A is a phosphorylation-dependent inhibitor of smooth muscle myosin phosphatase. PPP1R14A is the inhibitor of PPP1CA. When phosphorylated, PPP1R14A has over 1000-fold higher inhibitory activity, creating a molecular switch for regulating the phosphorylation status of PPP1CA substrates and smooth muscle contraction. In addition, inhibition of PPP1R14A also enhances contraction of smooth muscle in the absence of increment of intracellular Ca2+ concentration.
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TMPY-00808 | FKBP12 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
FK506 binding protein 12 (FKBP12), also known as FKBP1, along with cyclophilin, are two major members of the immunophilin protein family who serve as receptors for the immunosuppressant drugs cyclosporin A and FK506. As a conserved molecule in many eukaryotes, FKBP12 has been characterized as a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase that catalyzes the transition between cis- and trans-proline residues, and is involved in several biochemical processes including protein folding, receptor signaling, protein trafficking and transcription. FKBP12 has attracted immense attention and its role in mediating the immunosuppressive functions. FKBP12 serves a dual role as a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase and as a modulator of several cell signaling pathways. In one such role, FKBP12 interacts with and regulates the functional state of the ryanodine Ca2+ channel receptor by altering protein conformation and coordinating multi-protein complex formation. Another physiological role of FKBP12 is an interactor and a regulator of the type I serine/threonine kinase receptors of TGF-beta superfamily. Current data, derived from detailed biochemical studies as well as from functional studies in various systems, suggest that FKBP12 functions as a "guardian" for the type I receptors to prevent them from leaky signaling under sub-optimal ligand concentrations, thereby providing a molecular "gradient reader" for TGF-beta family morphogens. This aspect of FKBP12 function may be critical for cellular responsiveness to morphogenetic gradients of the TGF-beta family members during early development, serving to assure the translation of different ligand concentrations into different signaling readouts. In addition, FKBP12 may be involved in neuronal or astrocytic cytoskeletal organization and the abnormal metabolism of tau protein in Alzheimer's disease (AD) damaged neurons.
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TMPH-01581 | KRT1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
May regulate the activity of kinases such as PKC and SRC via binding to integrin beta-1 (ITB1) and the receptor of activated protein C kinase 1 (RACK1). In complex with C1QBP is a high affinity receptor for kininogen-1/HMWK.
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TMPY-04406 | Protein Kinase D2/PRKD2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & GST) | Human | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
Serine/threonine-protein kinase D2, also known as PRKD2 and PKD2, is a cytoplasm and membrane protein that belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family and PKD subfamily. PRKD2 / PKD2 is widely expressed. It contains one PH domain, two phorbol-ester/DAG-type zinc fingers and one protein kinase domain. PRKD2 / PKD2 is activated by DAG and phorbol esters. Phorbol-ester/DAG-type domains bind DAG, mediating translocation to membranes. Autophosphorylation of Ser-71 and phosphorylation of Ser-76 by PKC relieves auto-inhibition by the PH domain. PRKD2 / PKD2 converts transient diacylglycerol (DAG) signals into prolonged physiological effects, downstream of PKC. Involved in resistance to oxidative stress.
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TMPY-02761 | Rack1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & MBP) | Human | E. coli | ||
The scaffolding protein, Rack1, is a seven-WD-domain-containing protein that has been implicated in binding to integrin beta subunit cytoplasmic domains and to members of two kinase families (src and protein kinase C, PKC) that mediate integrin bidirectional signaling.Rack1 may link protein kinase C directly to integrins and participate in the regulation of integrin functions.Rack1 regulates the localization of an essential PCP protein and acts as a molecular switch to promote PCP signaling.
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TMPJ-01307 | PACSIN1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | Human Cells | ||
Protein Kinase C and Casein Kinase Substrate in Neurons Protein 1 (PACSIN1) belongs to the PACSIN family. PACSIN1 contains one FCH domain and one SH3 domain. PACSIN1 is highly expressed in the brain and at lower leves in the heart, pancreas, and liver. PACSIN1 may play a role in vesicle formation and transport. PACSIN1 has been shown to interact with DNM1, PACSIN3, Huntingtin, and PACSIN2. In addition, PACSIN1 is phosphorylated by casein kinase 2 (CK2) and protein kinase C (PKC).
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TMPY-04147 | Frizzled 10 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Frizzled-1, also known as Fz-1, CD35 and FZD1, is a multi-pass membrane protein which belongs to theG-protein coupled receptor Fz/Smo family. Frizzled-1 / FZD1 is abundantly expressed in the cerebellum, followed by cerebral cortex, medulla and spinal cord; very low levels in total brain, frontal lobe, temporal lobe and putamen. It is weakly expressed in adult brain, heart, lung, skeletal muscle, pancreas, spleen and prostate. Frizzled-1 / FZD1 is a receptor for Wnt proteins. Most of frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes. A second signaling pathway involving PKC and calcium fluxes has been seen for some family members, it is not yet clear if it represents a distinct pathway or if it can be integrated in the canonical pathway, as PKC seems to be required for Wnt-mediated inactivation of GSK-3 kinase. Both pathways seem to involve interactions with G-proteins. Frizzled-1 / FZD1 may also be involved in transduction and intercellular transmission of polarity information during tissue morphogenesis and/or in differentiated tissues.
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TMPY-04140 | Frizzled 10 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Frizzled-1, also known as Fz-1, CD35 and FZD1, is a multi-pass membrane protein which belongs to theG-protein coupled receptor Fz/Smo family. Frizzled-1 / FZD1 is abundantly expressed in the cerebellum, followed by cerebral cortex, medulla and spinal cord; very low levels in total brain, frontal lobe, temporal lobe and putamen. It is weakly expressed in adult brain, heart, lung, skeletal muscle, pancreas, spleen and prostate. Frizzled-1 / FZD1 is a receptor for Wnt proteins. Most of frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes. A second signaling pathway involving PKC and calcium fluxes has been seen for some family members, it is not yet clear if it represents a distinct pathway or if it can be integrated in the canonical pathway, as PKC seems to be required for Wnt-mediated inactivation of GSK-3 kinase. Both pathways seem to involve interactions with G-proteins. Frizzled-1 / FZD1 may also be involved in transduction and intercellular transmission of polarity information during tissue morphogenesis and/or in differentiated tissues.
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TMPY-01798 | Frizzled 10 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) | Mouse | HEK293 | ||
Frizzled-1, also known as Fz-1, CD35 and FZD1, is a multi-pass membrane protein which belongs to theG-protein coupled receptor Fz/Smo family. Frizzled-1 / FZD1 is abundantly expressed in the cerebellum, followed by cerebral cortex, medulla and spinal cord; very low levels in total brain, frontal lobe, temporal lobe and putamen. It is weakly expressed in adult brain, heart, lung, skeletal muscle, pancreas, spleen and prostate. Frizzled-1 / FZD1 is a receptor for Wnt proteins. Most of frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes. A second signaling pathway involving PKC and calcium fluxes has been seen for some family members, it is not yet clear if it represents a distinct pathway or if it can be integrated in the canonical pathway, as PKC seems to be required for Wnt-mediated inactivation of GSK-3 kinase. Both pathways seem to involve interactions with G-proteins. Frizzled-1 / FZD1 may also be involved in transduction and intercellular transmission of polarity information during tissue morphogenesis and/or in differentiated tissues.
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TMPY-01659 | SDPR Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (aa 2-180, His) | Mouse | E. coli | ||
Serum deprivation-response protein, also known as Phosphatidylserine-binding protein, Cavin-2 and SDPR, is a member of the PTRF / SDPR family. SDPR is highly expressed in heart and lung, and expressed at lower levels in brain, kidney, liver, pancreas, placenta, and skeletal muscle. SDPR is a new regulator of caveolae biogenesis. SDPR is up-regulated in asynchronously growing fibroblasts following serum deprivation but not following contact inhibition and Down-regulated during synchronous cell cycle re-entry. Caveolae are plasma membrane invaginations with a characteristic flask-shaped morphology. They function in diverse cellular processes, including endocytosis. Loss of SDPR causes loss of caveolae. SDPR binds directly to PTRF and recruits PTRF to caveolar membranes. Overexpression of SDPR, unlike PTRF, induces deformation of caveolae and extensive tubulation of the plasma membrane. SDPR overexpression results in increased caveolae size and leads to the formation of caveolae-derived tubules containing Shiga toxin. SDPR is a membrane curvature inducing component of caveolae, and that STB-induced membrane tubulation is facilitated by caveolae. Pleckstrin and SDPR are phosphorylated by protein kinase C (PKC), the interaction between pleckstrin and SDPR was shown to be independent of PKC inhibition or activation. SDPR may facilitate the translocation of nonphosphorylated pleckstrin to the plasma membrane in conjunction with phosphoinositides that bind to the C-terminal PH domain.
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TMPY-01797 | Frizzled 10 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (hFc) | Mouse | HEK293 | ||
Frizzled-1, also known as Fz-1, CD35 and FZD1, is a multi-pass membrane protein which belongs to theG-protein coupled receptor Fz/Smo family. Frizzled-1 / FZD1 is abundantly expressed in the cerebellum, followed by cerebral cortex, medulla and spinal cord; very low levels in total brain, frontal lobe, temporal lobe and putamen. It is weakly expressed in adult brain, heart, lung, skeletal muscle, pancreas, spleen and prostate. Frizzled-1 / FZD1 is a receptor for Wnt proteins. Most of frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes. A second signaling pathway involving PKC and calcium fluxes has been seen for some family members, it is not yet clear if it represents a distinct pathway or if it can be integrated in the canonical pathway, as PKC seems to be required for Wnt-mediated inactivation of GSK-3 kinase. Both pathways seem to involve interactions with G-proteins. Frizzled-1 / FZD1 may also be involved in transduction and intercellular transmission of polarity information during tissue morphogenesis and/or in differentiated tissues.
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TMPY-01187 | Rac1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (GST) | Human | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
RAC1 is a GTPase that belongs to the RAS superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins. Members of this superfamily appear to regulate a diverse array of cellular events, including the control of cell growth, cytoskeletal reorganization, and the activation of protein kinases. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for RAC1 gene. RAC1 is a plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such as secretory processes, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, epithelial cell polarization and growth-factor induced formation of membrane ruffles. RAC1 p21/rho GDI heterodimer is the active component of the cytosolic factor sigma 1, which is involved in stimulation of the NADPH oxidase activity in macrophage. RAC1 is essential for the SPATA13-mediated regulation of cell migration and adhesion assembly and disassembly. RAC1's isoform B has an accelerated GEF-independent GDP/GTP exchange and an impaired GTP hydrolysis, which is restored partially by GTPase-activating proteins. It is able to bind to the GTPase-binding domain of PAK but not full-length PAK in a GTP-dependent manner, suggesting that the insertion does not completely abolish effector interaction. Stat3 is an important transcription factor that regulates both proinflammatory and anti-apoptotic pathways in the heart. It forms a multiprotein complex with RAC1 and PKC in an H/R-dependent manner by expression of constitutively active Rac1 mutant protein, and by RNA silencing of RAC1. Selective inhibition of PKC with calphostin C produces a marked suppression of Stat3 S727 phosphorylation. The association of Stat3 with Rax1 occurs predominantly at the cell membrane, but also inside the nucleus, and occurs through the binding of the coiled-coil domain of Stat3 to the 54 NH(2)-terminal residues of RAC1. Transfection with a peptide comprising the NH(2)-terminal 17 amino acid residues of RAC1-dependent signaling pathways resulting in a physical association between Rac1 and Stat3 and the formation of a novel multiprotein complex with PKC.
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TMPH-02634 | TRIM63 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His & Myc) | Mouse | E. coli | ||
E3 ubiquitin ligase. Mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of CKM, GMEB1 and HIBADH. Regulates the proteasomal degradation of muscle proteins under amino acid starvation, where muscle protein is catabolized to provide other organs with amino acids. Inhibits de novo skeletal muscle protein synthesis under amino acid starvation. Regulates proteasomal degradation of cardiac troponin I/TNNI3 and probably of other sarcomeric-associated proteins. May play a role in striated muscle atrophy and hypertrophy by regulating an anti-hypertrophic PKC-mediated signaling pathway. May regulate the organization of myofibrils through TTN in muscle cells.
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TMPH-01271 | TRIM63 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc) | Human | E. coli | ||
E3 ubiquitin ligase. Mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of CKM, GMEB1 and HIBADH. Regulates the proteasomal degradation of muscle proteins under amino acid starvation, where muscle protein is catabolized to provide other organs with amino acids. Inhibits de novo skeletal muscle protein synthesis under amino acid starvation. Regulates proteasomal degradation of cardiac troponin I/TNNI3 and probably of other sarcomeric-associated proteins. May play a role in striated muscle atrophy and hypertrophy by regulating an anti-hypertrophic PKC-mediated signaling pathway. May regulate the organization of myofibrils through TTN in muscle cells.
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TMPJ-00907 | GADD45A Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Growth Arrest and DNA Damage-Inducible Protein GADD45 α (GADD45A) is a member of the GADD45 family. GADD45A can be induced by UV irradiation, X-rays, growth arrest and alkylating agents, of which can be mediated by some kinases other than PKC. GADD45A can interact with MAPK14, GADD45GIP1, PCNA. In T-cells, GADD45A functions as a regulator of p38 MAPKs by inhibiting p88 phosphorylation and activity. GADD45A may affect PCNA interaction with some cell division protein kinase complexes, stimulating DNA excision repair in vitro and inhibits entry of cells into S phase.
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TMPH-03282 | TRIM63 Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His & Myc) | Rat | E. coli | ||
E3 ubiquitin ligase. Mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of CKM, GMEB1 and HIBADH. Regulates the proteasomal degradation of muscle proteins under amino acid starvation, where muscle protein is catabolized to provide other organs with amino acids. Inhibits de novo skeletal muscle protein synthesis under amino acid starvation. Regulates proteasomal degradation of cardiac troponin I/TNNI3 and probably of other sarcomeric-associated proteins. May play a role in striated muscle atrophy and hypertrophy by regulating an anti-hypertrophic PKC-mediated signaling pathway. May regulate the organization of myofibrils through TTN in muscle cells.
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TMPH-01623 | GBA Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc & SUMO) | Human | E. coli | ||
Glucosylceramidase that catalyzes, within the lysosomal compartment, the hydrolysis of glucosylceramide/GlcCer into free ceramide and glucose. Thereby, plays a central role in the degradation of complex lipids and the turnover of cellular membranes. Through the production of ceramides, participates in the PKC-activated salvage pathway of ceramide formation. Also plays a role in cholesterol metabolism. May either catalyze the glucosylation of cholesterol, through a transglucosylation reaction that transfers glucose from glucosylceramide to cholesterol. The short chain saturated C8:0-GlcCer and the mono-unsaturated C18:0-GlcCer being the most effective glucose donors for that transglucosylation reaction. Under specific conditions, may alternatively catalyze the reverse reaction, transferring glucose from cholesteryl-beta-D-glucoside to ceramide. Finally, may also hydrolyze cholesteryl-beta-D-glucoside to produce D-glucose and cholesterol.
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TMPY-02682 | NELL2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
A brain-enriched secreting signal peptide, NELL2, has been suggested to play multiple roles in the development, survival, and activity of neurons in the mammal. NELL2 is an abundant glycoprotein containing an EGF-like domain in the neural tissues where it has multiple physiological functions by interacting with protein kinase C (PKC). There are two different splicing variant forms of NELL2 identified so far. One is secreted NELL2 (sNELL2) which is a neuron-specific variant and the other is cytosolic NELL2 (cNELL2) which is a non-secreted splicing variant of NELL2. NELL2 is strongly expressed in the brain of adults and fetuses but only weakly in the fetal kidney.
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TMPH-01624 | GBA Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | E. coli | ||
Glucosylceramidase that catalyzes, within the lysosomal compartment, the hydrolysis of glucosylceramide/GlcCer into free ceramide and glucose. Thereby, plays a central role in the degradation of complex lipids and the turnover of cellular membranes. Through the production of ceramides, participates in the PKC-activated salvage pathway of ceramide formation. Also plays a role in cholesterol metabolism. May either catalyze the glucosylation of cholesterol, through a transglucosylation reaction that transfers glucose from glucosylceramide to cholesterol. The short chain saturated C8:0-GlcCer and the mono-unsaturated C18:0-GlcCer being the most effective glucose donors for that transglucosylation reaction. Under specific conditions, may alternatively catalyze the reverse reaction, transferring glucose from cholesteryl-beta-D-glucoside to ceramide. Finally, may also hydrolyze cholesteryl-beta-D-glucoside to produce D-glucose and cholesterol.
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TMPY-00909 | S100A1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
S100A1 is a Ca2+binding protein of the EF-hand type that belongs to the S100 protein family. S100 proteins consisting of at least 19 members exist as dimers in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and are involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell-cycle progression and cell differentiation. This protein has been shown to function in the processes including stimulation of Ca2+-induced Ca2+release, inhibition of microtubule assembly, and inhibition of PKC-mediated phosphorylation. Phosphoglucomutase is a target protein whose activity is antagonistically regulated by S100A1, and recently, S100A1 is also identified as a potent molecular chaperone and a new member of the Hsp70/Hsp90 multichaperone complex. S100A1 displays a tissue-specific expression pattern with highest levels in myocardium and is considered to be an important regulator of cardiac contractility. Accordingly, reduced expression or mutations of S100A1 gene have been implicated in cardiomyopathies.
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TMPY-02532 | S100A1 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) | Mouse | E. coli | ||
S100A1 is a Ca2+binding protein of the EF-hand type that belongs to the S100 protein family. S100 proteins consisting of at least 19 members exist as dimers in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and are involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell-cycle progression and cell differentiation. This protein has been shown to function in the processes including stimulation of Ca2+-induced Ca2+release, inhibition of microtubule assembly, and inhibition of PKC-mediated phosphorylation. Phosphoglucomutase is a target protein whose activity is antagonistically regulated by S100A1, and recently, S100A1 is also identified as a potent molecular chaperone and a new member of the Hsp70/Hsp90 multichaperone complex. S100A1 displays a tissue-specific expression pattern with highest levels in myocardium and is considered to be an important regulator of cardiac contractility. Accordingly, reduced expression or mutations of S100A1 gene have been implicated in cardiomyopathies.
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TMPY-00997 | S100A1 Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | E. coli | ||
S100A1 is a Ca2+binding protein of the EF-hand type that belongs to the S100 protein family. S100 proteins consisting of at least 19 members exist as dimers in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and are involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell-cycle progression and cell differentiation. This protein has been shown to function in the processes including stimulation of Ca2+-induced Ca2+release, inhibition of microtubule assembly, and inhibition of PKC-mediated phosphorylation. Phosphoglucomutase is a target protein whose activity is antagonistically regulated by S100A1, and recently, S100A1 is also identified as a potent molecular chaperone and a new member of the Hsp70/Hsp90 multichaperone complex. S100A1 displays a tissue-specific expression pattern with highest levels in myocardium and is considered to be an important regulator of cardiac contractility. Accordingly, reduced expression or mutations of S100A1 gene have been implicated in cardiomyopathies.
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TMPY-03824 | CD43 Protein, Rat, Recombinant (hFc) | Rat | HEK293 | ||
CD43 is an abundantly expressed molecule on the T-cell surface that shows distinct localization to the migrating T-cell uropod and the distal pole complex (DPC) opposite the immunological synapse via association with the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) family of actin regulatory proteins. CD43 has a 235-amino acid (aa) extracellular domain, a 23-aa transmembrane domain, and a 123-aa cytoplasmic domain, all encoded by a single exon. The intracytoplasmic region of the protein is necessary to transduce signals; it is rich in potentially phosphorylable threonines and serines but lacks tyrosine residues as well as catalytic activity. CD43 engagement on human peripheral blood T cells and monocytes leads to cell activation and proliferation through the generation of second messengers such as diacylglycerol and inositol phosphates, protein kinase C (PKC) activation and Ca2+mobilization. Besides, CD43 ligation on human T cells induces the association of CD43 with Src family kinases, presumably through the interaction of their Src homology 3 domain with a proline-rich region of the CD43 intracytoplasmic tail. This molecule has been implicated in T cell activation, enhancing T cell response to allogeneic or mitogenic stimulation and CD43-specific signals have been reported to be sufficient to activate T cells in the absence of T cell receptor (TCR) engagement. In summary, CD43 regulates multiple T-cell functions, including T-cell activation, proliferation, apoptosis, and migration.
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TMPY-02435 | CD43 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (hFc) | Mouse | HEK293 | ||
CD43 is an abundantly expressed molecule on the T-cell surface that shows distinct localization to the migrating T-cell uropod and the distal pole complex (DPC) opposite the immunological synapse via association with the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) family of actin regulatory proteins. CD43 has a 235-amino acid (aa) extracellular domain, a 23-aa transmembrane domain, and a 123-aa cytoplasmic domain, all encoded by a single exon. The intracytoplasmic region of the protein is necessary to transduce signals; it is rich in potentially phosphorylable threonines and serines but lacks tyrosine residues as well as catalytic activity. CD43 engagement on human peripheral blood T cells and monocytes leads to cell activation and proliferation through the generation of second messengers such as diacylglycerol and inositol phosphates, protein kinase C (PKC) activation and Ca2+mobilization. Besides, CD43 ligation on human T cells induces the association of CD43 with Src family kinases, presumably through the interaction of their Src homology 3 domain with a proline-rich region of the CD43 intracytoplasmic tail. This molecule has been implicated in T cell activation, enhancing T cell response to allogeneic or mitogenic stimulation and CD43-specific signals have been reported to be sufficient to activate T cells in the absence of T cell receptor (TCR) engagement. In summary, CD43 regulates multiple T-cell functions, including T-cell activation, proliferation, apoptosis, and migration.
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TMPH-02271 | BTK Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | Baculovirus | ||
Non-receptor tyrosine kinase indispensable for B lymphocyte development, differentiation and signaling. Binding of antigen to the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) triggers signaling that ultimately leads to B-cell activation. After BCR engagement and activation at the plasma membrane, phosphorylates PLCG2 at several sites, igniting the downstream signaling pathway through calcium mobilization, followed by activation of the protein kinase C (PKC) family members. PLCG2 phosphorylation is performed in close cooperation with the adapter protein B-cell linker protein BLNK. BTK acts as a platform to bring together a diverse array of signaling proteins and is implicated in cytokine receptor signaling pathways. Plays an important role in the function of immune cells of innate as well as adaptive immunity, as a component of the Toll-like receptors (TLR) pathway. The TLR pathway acts as a primary surveillance system for the detection of pathogens and are crucial to the activation of host defense. Especially, is a critical molecule in regulating TLR9 activation in splenic B-cells. Within the TLR pathway, induces tyrosine phosphorylation of TIRAP which leads to TIRAP degradation. BTK plays also a critical role in transcription regulation. Induces the activity of NF-kappa-B, which is involved in regulating the expression of hundreds of genes. BTK is involved on the signaling pathway linking TLR8 and TLR9 to NF-kappa-B. Transiently phosphorylates transcription factor GTF2I on tyrosine residues in response to BCR. GTF2I then translocates to the nucleus to bind regulatory enhancer elements to modulate gene expression. ARID3A and NFAT are other transcriptional target of BTK. BTK is required for the formation of functional ARID3A DNA-binding complexes. There is however no evidence that BTK itself binds directly to DNA. BTK has a dual role in the regulation of apoptosis.
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TMPH-01719 | OPRM1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | in vitro E. coli expression system | ||
Receptor for endogenous opioids such as beta-endorphin and endomorphin. Receptor for natural and synthetic opioids including morphine, heroin, DAMGO, fentanyl, etorphine, buprenorphin and methadone. Agonist binding to the receptor induces coupling to an inactive GDP-bound heterotrimeric G-protein complex and subsequent exchange of GDP for GTP in the G-protein alpha subunit leading to dissociation of the G-protein complex with the free GTP-bound G-protein alpha and the G-protein beta-gamma dimer activating downstream cellular effectors. The agonist- and cell type-specific activity is predominantly coupled to pertussis toxin-sensitive G(i) and G(o) G alpha proteins, GNAI1, GNAI2, GNAI3 and GNAO1 isoforms Alpha-1 and Alpha-2, and to a lesser extent to pertussis toxin-insensitive G alpha proteins GNAZ and GNA15. They mediate an array of downstream cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity and both N-type and L-type calcium channels, activation of inward rectifying potassium channels, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phospholipase C (PLC), phosphoinositide/protein kinase (PKC), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and regulation of NF-kappa-B. Also couples to adenylate cyclase stimulatory G alpha proteins. The selective temporal coupling to G-proteins and subsequent signaling can be regulated by RGSZ proteins, such as RGS9, RGS17 and RGS4. Phosphorylation by members of the GPRK subfamily of Ser/Thr protein kinases and association with beta-arrestins is involved in short-term receptor desensitization. Beta-arrestins associate with the GPRK-phosphorylated receptor and uncouple it from the G-protein thus terminating signal transduction. The phosphorylated receptor is internalized through endocytosis via clathrin-coated pits which involves beta-arrestins. The activation of the ERK pathway occurs either in a G-protein-dependent or a beta-arrestin-dependent manner and is regulated by agonist-specific receptor phosphorylation. Acts as a class A G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) which dissociates from beta-arrestin at or near the plasma membrane and undergoes rapid recycling. Receptor down-regulation pathways are varying with the agonist and occur dependent or independent of G-protein coupling. Endogenous ligands induce rapid desensitization, endocytosis and recycling whereas morphine induces only low desensitization and endocytosis. Heterooligomerization with other GPCRs can modulate agonist binding, signaling and trafficking properties. Involved in neurogenesis. Isoform 12 couples to GNAS and is proposed to be involved in excitatory effects. Isoform 16 and isoform 17 do not bind agonists but may act through oligomerization with binding-competent OPRM1 isoforms and reduce their ligand binding activity.
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TMPH-01282 | ELAVL4 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc & SUMO) | Human | E. coli | ||
RNA-binding protein that is involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of mRNAs. Plays a role in the regulation of mRNA stability, alternative splicing and translation. Binds to AU-rich element (ARE) sequences in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of target mRNAs, including GAP43, VEGF, FOS, CDKN1A and ACHE mRNA. Many of the target mRNAs are coding for RNA-binding proteins, transcription factors and proteins involved in RNA processing and/or neuronal development and function. By binding to the mRNA 3'UTR, decreases mRNA deadenylation and thereby contributes to the stabilization of mRNA molecules and their protection from decay. Also binds to the polyadenylated (poly(A)) tail in the 3'UTR of mRNA, thereby increasing its affinity for mRNA binding. Mainly plays a role in neuron-specific RNA processing by stabilization of mRNAs such as GAP43, ACHE and mRNAs of other neuronal proteins, thereby contributing to the differentiation of neural progenitor cells, nervous system development, learning and memory mechanisms. Involved in the negative regulation of the proliferative activity of neuronal stem cells and in the positive regulation of neuronal differentiation of neural progenitor cells. Promotes neuronal differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells in the adult subventricular zone of the hippocampus by binding to and stabilizing SATB1 mRNA. Binds and stabilizes MSI1 mRNA in neural stem cells. Exhibits increased binding to ACHE mRNA during neuronal differentiation, thereby stabilizing ACHE mRNA and enhancing its expression. Protects CDKN1A mRNA from decay by binding to its 3'-UTR. May bind to APP and BACE1 mRNAS and the BACE1AS lncRNA and enhance their stabilization. Plays a role in neurite outgrowth and in the establishment and maturation of dendritic arbors, thereby contributing to neocortical and hippocampal circuitry function. Stabilizes GAP43 mRNA and protects it from decay during postembryonic development in the brain. By promoting the stabilization of GAP43 mRNA, plays a role in NGF-mediated neurite outgrowth. Binds to BDNF long 3'UTR mRNA, thereby leading to its stabilization and increased dendritic translation after activation of PKC. By increasing translation of BDNF after nerve injury, may contribute to nerve regeneration. Acts as a stabilizing factor by binding to the 3'UTR of NOVA1 mRNA, thereby increasing its translation and enhancing its functional activity in neuron-specific splicing. Stimulates translation of mRNA in a poly(A)- and cap-dependent manner, possibly by associating with the EIF4F cap-binding complex. May also negatively regulate translation by binding to the 5'UTR of Ins2 mRNA, thereby repressing its translation. Upon glucose stimulation, Ins2 mRNA is released from ELAVL4 and translational inhibition is abolished. Also plays a role in the regulation of alternative splicing. May regulate alternative splicing of CALCA pre-mRNA into Calcitonin and Calcitonin gene-related peptide 1 (CGRP) by competing with splicing regulator TIAR for binding to U-rich intronic sequences of CALCA pre-mRNA.
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TMPH-03114 | ITGB1 Protein, Pig, Recombinant (His & Myc) | Sus scrofa (Pig) | E. coli | ||
Integrins alpha-1/beta-1, alpha-2/beta-1, alpha-10/beta-1 and alpha-11/beta-1 are receptors for collagen. Integrins alpha-1/beta-1 and alpha-2/beta-2 recognize the proline-hydroxylated sequence G-F-P-G-E-R in collagen. Integrins alpha-2/beta-1, alpha-3/beta-1, alpha-4/beta-1, alpha-5/beta-1, alpha-8/beta-1, alpha-10/beta-1, alpha-11/beta-1 and alpha-V/beta-1 are receptors for fibronectin. Alpha-4/beta-1 recognizes one or more domains within the alternatively spliced CS-1 and CS-5 regions of fibronectin. Integrin alpha-5/beta-1 is a receptor for fibrinogen. Integrin alpha-1/beta-1, alpha-2/beta-1, alpha-6/beta-1 and alpha-7/beta-1 are receptors for lamimin. Integrin alpha-6/beta-1 (ITGA6:ITGB1) is present in oocytes and is involved in sperm-egg fusion. Integrin alpha-4/beta-1 is a receptor for VCAM1 and recognizes the sequence Q-I-D-S in VCAM1. Integrin alpha-9/beta-1 is a receptor for VCAM1, cytotactin and osteopontin. It recognizes the sequence A-E-I-D-G-I-E-L in cytotactin. Integrin alpha-3/beta-1 is a receptor for epiligrin, thrombospondin and CSPG4. Integrin alpha-3/beta-1 provides a docking site for FAP (seprase) at invadopodia plasma membranes in a collagen-dependent manner and hence may participate in the adhesion, formation of invadopodia and matrix degradation processes, promoting cell invasion. Alpha-3/beta-1 may mediate with LGALS3 the stimulation by CSPG4 of endothelial cells migration. Integrin alpha-V/beta-1 is a receptor for vitronectin. Beta-1 integrins recognize the sequence R-G-D in a wide array of ligands. When associated with alpha-7/beta-1 integrin, regulates cell adhesion and laminin matrix deposition. Involved in promoting endothelial cell motility and angiogenesis. Involved in osteoblast compaction through the fibronectin fibrillogenesis cell-mediated matrix assembly process and the formation of mineralized bone nodules. May be involved in up-regulation of the activity of kinases such as PKC via binding to KRT1. Together with KRT1 and RACK1, serves as a platform for SRC activation or inactivation. Plays a mechanistic adhesive role during telophase, required for the successful completion of cytokinesis. ITGA4:ITGB1 binds to fractalkine (CX3CL1) and may act as its coreceptor in CX3CR1-dependent fractalkine signaling. ITGA4:ITGB1 and ITGA5:ITGB1 bind to PLA2G2A via a site (site 2) which is distinct from the classical ligand-binding site (site 1) and this induces integrin conformational changes and enhanced ligand binding to site 1. ITGA5:ITGB1 acts as a receptor for fibrillin-1 (FBN1) and mediates R-G-D-dependent cell adhesion to FBN1. ITGA5:ITGB1 is a receptor for IL1B and binding is essential for IL1B signaling. ITGA5:ITGB3 is a receptor for soluble CD40LG and is required for CD40/CD40LG signaling.
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