目录号 | 产品详情 | 靶点 | |
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T0756 | HSP Reactive Oxygen Species | ||
Ethoxyquin (Santoflex) 是一种热休克蛋白 90 抑制剂,是一种用于动物饲料的抗氧化剂。 | |||
T13019 | Dehydrogenase Reactive Oxygen Species Endogenous Metabolite | ||
Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt 是 α-酮戊二酸脱氢酶(KGDHC)抑制剂,能够有效抑制肌肉,脑,人成纤维细胞,细菌中的 KGDHC。Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt 抑制 2-氧代戊二酸脱氢酶,以细胞特异性代谢依赖性方式抑制癌细胞的活力。Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt 抑制谷氨酸诱导的海马神经元中ROS 的产生。 | |||
T0465 | Hedgehog/Smoothened Casein Kinase Reactive Oxygen Species Topoisomerase Endogenous Metabolite PKA Syk PKC Carbonic Anhydrase | ||
Ellagic acid (Gallogen) 是从 Eucalyptus maculata Hook 和 E. Hemipholia F. Muell 的 kino 中分离出来的稠合四环天然产物,是一种有效的,ATP 竞争性的CK2抑制剂,IC50和Ki 值分别为 40 nM 和 20 nM。 | |||
T2174 | Apoptosis Mitophagy Reactive Oxygen Species PI3K Autophagy | ||
Quercetin (Sophoretin) 属于黄酮类天然产物,是 SIRT1 的激动剂。Quercetin 也是一种 PI3K 抑制剂,抑制 PI3Kγ、PI3Kδ 和 PI3Kβ (IC50=2.4/3.0/5.4 μM)。Quercetin 可以诱导凋亡和自噬。 | |||
T13189 | PDE | ||
TP-10 是 PDE10A 对其他 PDE 的特异性抑制剂,IC50 为 0.8 nM。 | |||
T2864 | Reactive Oxygen Species ROS | ||
Lycopene (ψ,ψ-Carotene) 是一种番茄及其产品和其他红色水果和蔬菜中天然存在的类胡萝卜素,具有抗氧化活性。 | |||
T3861 | Apoptosis Others Reactive Oxygen Species Akt Autophagy | ||
Isobavachalcone (Corylifolinin) 是来源于补骨脂的一种Akt 信号通路抑制剂,可诱导人类癌细胞凋亡,以IC50值为 7.92 μM 抑制 OVCAR-8 癌细胞生长,具有抗癌和抗增殖活性。它还能诱导 OVCAR-8 细胞中活性氧的产生。 | |||
T2834 | Apoptosis MMP Reactive Oxygen Species ROR Autophagy | ||
Nobiletin (Hexamethoxyflavone) 是一种来自柑橘皮的聚甲氧基黄酮,是RORs 激动剂,可改善记忆力丧失。它可降低分化的 C2C12 肌管中的ROS 水平,并具有抗炎,抗癌,抗血管生成,抗增殖,抗转移和诱导细胞凋亡作用。 | |||
T4287 | Antioxidant Reactive Oxygen Species | ||
Succinobucol (Probucol monosuccinate) 是酚类抗氧化剂,具有抗炎、抗血小板聚集活性。 | |||
T17250 | ROS Complement System | ||
W-54011 是口服有效的非肽 C5a 受体拮抗剂,抑制125I 标记的 C5a 与人嗜中性白细胞的结合,Ki 为 2.2 nM。它还抑制C5a 诱导的人嗜中性粒细胞的细胞内 Ca2+动员,趋化性和ROS 的生成,IC50分别为 3.1 nM、2.7 nM 和1.6 nM。 |
目录号 | 产品名/同用名 | 种属 | 表达系统 | ||
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TMPY-03363 | C-Reactive Protein Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | HEK293 Cells | ||
C-Reactive Protein Protein, Human, Recombinant is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells. The predicted molecular weight is 23 kDa and the accession number is P02741-1.
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TMPY-02047 | C-Reactive Protein Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His) | Rat | HEK293 Cells | ||
C-Reactive Protein Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 24.6 kDa and the accession number is H6X2V1.
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TMPK-00114 | C-Reactive Protein /CRP Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 Cells | ||
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a polypeptide molecule belonging to the family of pentraxins. CRP is synthesized primarily by the liver in response to certain pro-inflammatory cytokines. It plays an important role in innate immunity, opsonization by its properties, complement activation and immunoglobulins receptor binding. CRP is a protein of the acute systemic inflammation and is, therefore, a prime marker of inflammation.The CRP is quantified by immunonephelometry or immunoturbidimetry. C-Reactive Protein /CRP Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with N-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 24.1 kDa and the accession number is P02741-1.
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TMPY-05336 | C-Reactive Protein Protein, Human, Recombinant, Biotinylated | Human | HEK293 Cells | ||
C-Reactive Protein Protein, Human, Recombinant, Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells. The predicted molecular weight is 23 kDa and the accession number is P02741-1.
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TMPY-06937 | C-Reactive Protein Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi), Biotinylated | Human | HEK293 Cells | ||
C-Reactive Protein Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His and Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 26.3 kDa and the accession number is P02741-1.
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TMPK-01333 | C-Reactive Protein /CRP Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (His) | Cynomolgus | HEK293 Cells | ||
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a polypeptide molecule belonging to the family of pentraxins. CRP is synthesized primarily by the liver in response to certain pro-inflammatory cytokines. It plays an important role in innate immunity, opsonization by its properties, complement activation and immunoglobulins receptor binding. CRP is a protein of the acute systemic inflammation and is, therefore, a prime marker of inflammation.The CRP is quantified by immunonephelometry or immunoturbidimetry. C-Reactive Protein /CRP Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 24.33 kDa and the accession number is XP_045255377.1.
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TMPY-01581 | C-Reactive Protein Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) | Mouse | HEK293 Cells | ||
C-Reactive Protein Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 24.4 kDa and the accession number is P14847.
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TMPJ-00495 | ISG15 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Ubiquitin-Like Protein ISG15 (ISG15) is a ubiquitin-like protein that becomes conjugated to many cellular proteins upon activation by interferon-alpha and -beta. Several functions have been ascribed to the encoded protein, including chemotactic activity towards neutrophils, direction of ligated target proteins to intermediate filaments, cell-to-cell signaling, and antiviral activity during viral infections. While conjugates of this protein have been found to be noncovalently attached to intermediate filaments, this protein is sometimes secreted. ISG15 becomes conjugated to a diverse set of proteins after IFN-alpha/beta stimulation or microbial challenge. The functions or biochemical consequences ISG15 conjugation to proteins are not yet known, but it appears that this modification does not target proteins for proteasomal degradation. ISG15 shows specific chemotactic activity towards neutrophils and activates them to induce release of eosinophil chemotactic factors. Upon interferon treatment, ISG15 can be detected in both free and conjugated forms, and is secreted from monocytes and lymphocytes where it can function as a cytokine. In the cell, ISG15 co-localizes with intermediate filaments and ISGylation may modulate the JAK-STAT pathway or certain aspects of neurological disease.
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TMPJ-00155 | Mucin-1/MUC1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc&Avi), Biotinylated | Human | HEK293 Cells | ||
Mucin-1, is a membrane-bound protein that is a member of the mucin family. Mucins are O-glycosylated proteins that play an essential role in forming protective mucous barriers on epithelial surfaces. These proteins also play a role in intracellular signaling. This protein is expressed on the apical surface of epithelial cells that line the mucosal surfaces of many different tissues including lung, breast stomach and pancreas. MUC-1 exclusively located in the apical domain of the plasma membrane of highly polarized epithelial cells. MUC-1 can act both as an adhesion and an anti-adhesion protein. This protein may provide a protective layer on epithelial cells against bacterial and enzyme attack. MUC-1 participated in modulates signaling in ERK, SRC and NF-kappa-B pathways. In activated T-cells, MUC-1 influences directly or indirectly the Ras/MAPK pathway. MUC-1 promotes tumor progression and regulates TP53-mediated transcription and determines cell fate in the genotoxic stress response.
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TMPJ-00506 | PSG5 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 Cells | ||
Pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein 5, is a secreted protein which belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily, CEA family. It contains 2 Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domains and 1 Ig-like V-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain.
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TMPK-01412 | HLA-B*15:01&B2M&SARS-CoV-2 epitope (NQKLIANQF) Monomer Protein, Human, MHC (His & Avi) | Human | HEK293 Cells | ||
HLA-B*15:01 is strongly associated with asymptomatic infection with SARS-CoV-2 and is likely to be involved in the mechanism underlying early viral clearance. T cells from pre-pandemic individuals carrying HLA-B*15:01 were reactive to the immunodominant SARS-CoV-2 S-derived peptide NQKLIANQF, and 100% of the reactive cells displayed memory phenotype.
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TMPK-01416 | HLA-B*15:01&B2M&SARS-CoV-2 epitope (NQKLIANQF) Monomer Protein, Human, MHC (His & Avi), Biotinylated | Human | HEK293 Cells | ||
HLA-B*15:01 is strongly associated with asymptomatic infection with SARS-CoV-2 and is likely to be involved in the mechanism underlying early viral clearance. T cells from pre-pandemic individuals carrying HLA-B*15:01 were reactive to the immunodominant SARS-CoV-2 S-derived peptide NQKLIANQF, and 100% of the reactive cells displayed memory phenotype.
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TMPY-02044 | SOD2 Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | E. coli | ||
Superoxide dismutases (SOD) are important anti-oxidant enzymes that guard against superoxide toxicity. In humans, as in all mammals and most chordates, three forms of superoxide dismutase (SOD) are present: SOD1 is located in the cytoplasm, SOD2 in the mitochondria, and SOD3 is extracellular. Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase [SOD; manganese SOD (MnSOD) or SOD2] neutralizes highly reactive superoxide radical (O•-2), the first member in the plethora of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species.
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TMPH-02198 | TXNRD2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & SUMO) | Human | E. coli | ||
Involved in the control of reactive oxygen species levels and the regulation of mitochondrial redox homeostasis. Maintains thioredoxin in a reduced state. May play a role in redox-regulated cell signaling.
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TMPY-02425 | Serpin B4, Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | Baculovirus Insect Cells | ||
Overexpression of SERPINB4 in tumor cells inhibited recombinant GrM-induced as well as NK cell-mediated cell death and this inhibition depended on the reactive center loop of the serpin.
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TMPH-01318 | SOD3 Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | E. coli | ||
Protect the extracellular space from toxic effect of reactive oxygen intermediates by converting superoxide radicals into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen. SOD3 Protein, Human, Recombinant is expressed in E. coli expression system. The predicted molecular weight is 24.1 kDa and the accession number is P08294.
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TMPH-01317 | SOD3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Protect the extracellular space from toxic effect of reactive oxygen intermediates by converting superoxide radicals into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen. SOD3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 28.1 kDa and the accession number is P08294.
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TMPH-00448 | SVMP Protein, Crotalus adamanteus, Recombinant (His) | Crotalus adamanteus | E. coli | ||
Has no significant hemorrhagic activity, but inactivates serpins by limited proteolysis of their reactive-site loops. SVMP Protein, Crotalus adamanteus, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 27.1 kDa and the accession number is P34179.
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TMPH-02106 | SH3PXD2A Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc) | Human | E. coli | ||
Adapter protein involved in invadopodia and podosome formation, extracellular matrix degradation and invasiveness of some cancer cells. Binds matrix metalloproteinases (ADAMs), NADPH oxidases (NOXs) and phosphoinositides. Acts as an organizer protein that allows NOX1- or NOX3-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and ROS localization. In association with ADAM12, mediates the neurotoxic effect of amyloid-beta peptide.
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TMPH-01298 | EPHX1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Biotransformation enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of arene and aliphatic epoxides to less reactive and more water soluble dihydrodiols by the trans addition of water. Plays a role in the metabolism of endogenous lipids such as epoxide-containing fatty acids. Metabolizes the abundant endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) to free arachidonic acid (AA) and glycerol.
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TMPH-02681 | GPX7 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His & Myc) | Mouse | E. coli | ||
It protects esophageal epithelia from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. It suppresses acidic bile acid-induced reactive oxigen species (ROS) and protects against oxidative DNA damage and double-strand breaks. GPX7 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 26.7 kDa and the accession number is Q99LJ6.
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TMPH-02875 | ROMO1 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) | Mouse | E. coli | ||
Has antibacterial activity against a variety of bacteria including S.aureus, P.aeruginosa and M.tuberculosis. Acts by inducing bacterial membrane breakage.; Induces production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are necessary for cell proliferation. May play a role in inducing oxidative DNA damage and replicative senescence. May play a role in the coordination of mitochondrial morphology and cell proliferation.
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TMPH-02104 | Sestrin-3/SESN3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc) | Human | E. coli | ||
May function as an intracellular leucine sensor that negatively regulates the TORC1 signaling pathway. May also regulate the insulin-receptor signaling pathway through activation of TORC2. This metabolic regulator may also play a role in protection against oxidative and genotoxic stresses. May prevent the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the alkylhydroperoxide reductase activity born by the N-terminal domain of the protein.
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TMPH-00099 | NDK1 Protein, Arabidopsis thaliana, Recombinant (His & Myc) | Arabidopsis thaliana | P. pastoris (Yeast) | ||
Major role in the synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates other than ATP. The ATP gamma phosphate is transferred to the NDP beta phosphate via a ping-pong mechanism, using a phosphorylated active-site intermediate. Plays a role in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress. NDK1 Protein, Arabidopsis thaliana, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in yeast with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 20.5 kDa and the accession number is P39207.
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TMPK-00571 | OSMR Protein, Canine, Recombinant (His) | Canine | HEK293 Cells | ||
OSMR is targeted to the mitochondrial matrix via the presequence translocase-associated motor complex components, mtHSP70 and TIM44. OSMR interacts with NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase 1/2 (NDUFS1/2) of complex I and promotes mitochondrial respiration. Deletion of OSMR impairs spare respiratory capacity, increases reactive oxygen species, and sensitizes BTSCs to IR-induced cell death. OSMR Protein, Canine, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 81.73 kDa and the accession number is A0A8I3MI11.
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TMPK-00493 | OSMR Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (His) | Cynomolgus | HEK293 Cells | ||
OSMR is targeted to the mitochondrial matrix via the presequence translocase-associated motor complex components, mtHSP70 and TIM44. OSMR interacts with NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase 1/2 (NDUFS1/2) of complex I and promotes mitochondrial respiration. Deletion of OSMR impairs spare respiratory capacity, increases reactive oxygen species, and sensitizes BTSCs to IR-induced cell death. OSMR Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 82.04 kDa and the accession number is A0A2K5UFW5.
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TMPH-01597 | KYAT1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & SUMO) | Human | E. coli | ||
Catalyzes the irreversible transamination of the L-tryptophan metabolite L-kynurenine to form kynurenic acid (KA), an intermediate in the tryptophan catabolic pathway which is also a broad spectrum antagonist of the three ionotropic excitatory amino acid receptors among others. Also metabolizes the cysteine conjugates of certain halogenated alkenes and alkanes to form reactive metabolites. Catalyzes the beta-elimination of S-conjugates and Se-conjugates of L-(seleno)cysteine, resulting in the cleavage of the C-S or C-Se bond.
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TMPY-02271 | TRXR1/TXNRD1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (aa 161-647, His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) which is a selenocysteine-containing protein is overexpressed in many malignancies. TXNRD1 plays a key role in regulating cell growth and transformation, and protects cells against oxidative damage. We investigated the association between TXNRD1 polymorphisms and ATDH susceptibility. Moreover, TXNRD1 is an essential selenium-containing enzyme involved in detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and redox signaling. And genetic variations in TXNRD1 favor the development of Drug-induced liver injury (DILI), which is the most common adverse drug reaction.
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TMPH-00035 | Polyphenol oxidase 2 Protein, Agaricus bisporus, Recombinant (His) | Agaricus bisporus | Baculovirus Insect Cells | ||
Copper-containing oxidase that catalyzes both the o-hydroxylation of monophenols and the subsequent oxidation of the resulting o-diphenols into reactive o-quinones, which evolve spontaneously to produce intermediates, which associate in dark brown pigments. Involved in the initial step of melanin synthesis. Melanins constitute a mechanism of defense and resistance to stress such as UV radiations, free radicals, gamma rays, dehydratation and extreme temperatures, and contribute to the fungal cell-wall resistance against hydrolytic enzymes in avoiding cellular lysis. Fungal pigments are also involved in the formation and stability of spores.
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TMPJ-00931 | Serpin A4 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 Cells | ||
Serpin Peptidase Inhibitor, Clade A (α-1 Antiproteinase, Antitrypsin), Member 4 (Serpin A4) is a member of the Serpin family. Serpin A4 exists as a monomer and some homodimers. Serpin A4 is expressed by the liver and secreted in plasma. Serpin A4 is a regulator of vascular homeostasis capable of controlling a wide spectrum of biological actions in the cardiovascular and renal systems. It can inhibit intracellular reactive oxygen species formation in cultured cardiac and renal cells. In addition, Serpin A4 has anti-inflammatory effect. Heparin blocks kallistatin's complex formation with tissue kallikrein and abolishes its inhibitory effect on tissue kallikrein's activity.
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TMPJ-00753 | Myoglobin Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Myoglobin(MB) is a cytoplasmic protein expressed in myocytes of the heart and skeletal muscle that reversibly binds oxygen. It belongs to the globin family. Functions of myoglobin include oxygen storage and transport, as well as scavenging of NO and reactive oxygen species. MB serves as a reserve supply of oxygen and facilitates the movement of oxygen within muscles. Myoglobin also serves as a sensitive marker for muscle injury resulting from cardiac infarction. Surprisingly, mice in which myoglobin has been removed by gene targeting are able to perform extensive exercise and respond normally to hypoxic challenge.
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TMPJ-00933 | PRDX5 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 Cells | ||
Peroxisomes are essential organelles that participate in multiple important metabolic processes, including the β-oxidation of fatty acids, plasmalogen synthesis, and the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Peroxiredoxins is overexpressed in breast cancer tissues to a great extent suggesting that they has a proliferative effect and may be related to cancer development or progression. Peroxiredoxin 5 (PRDX5) is a thioredoxin peroxidase that belongs to the atypical 2-Cys class of the TSA/ahpC family of peroxiredoxins. PRDX5 is a widely expressed mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme that reduces hydrogen peroxide, alkyl hydroperoxides, and peroxynitrite. In human cells, this enzyme is present in the cytosol, mitochondria, peroxisomes, and nucleus.
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TMPH-02585 | ACOD1 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His & Myc) | Mouse | Baculovirus Insect Cells | ||
Cis-aconitate decarboxylase that catalyzes production of itaconate and is involved in the inhibition of the inflammatory response. Acts as a negative regulator of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs)-mediated inflammatory innate response by stimulating the tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein TNFAIP3 expression via reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-tolerized macrophages. Involved in antimicrobial response of innate immune cells; ACOD1-mediated itaconic acid production contributes to the antimicrobial activity of macrophages. Involved in antiviral response following infection by flavivirus in neurons: ACOD1-mediated itaconate production inhibits the activity of succinate dehydrogenase, generating a metabolic state in neurons that suppresses replication of viral genomes. Plays a role in the embryo implantation.
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TMPJ-00848 | NCF1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Neutrophil cytosol factor 1( NCF1) is a 47 kDa cytosolic subunit of neutrophil NADPH oxidase. This oxidase is characterized as a multicomponent enzyme which is activated to produce superoxide anion. NCF2, NCF1, and a membrane bound cytochrome b558 are required for the activation of the latent NADPH oxidase. The human NCF1 gene encodes a 390 amino acids protein without a signal peptide. The NCF1 gene interacts with other subunits of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase (NADPH) and plays an important role in innate immunity, producing reactive oxygen species and reducing the severity and duration of parasitic infection and autoimmune disease. NCF1 also has a role in T cell activation.
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TMPY-05001 | MPZL3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 Cells | ||
MPZL3 (Myelin Protein Zero Like 3) is a Protein Coding gene. The encoded protein belongs to the myelin P0 protein family. MPZL3 is broadly expressed in skin, esophagus, and other tissues. MPZL3 was essential for normal differentiation, acting downstream of p63, ZNF750, KLF4, and RCOR1, each of which bound near the MPZL3 gene and controlled its expression. MPZL3 protein localized to mitochondria, where it interacted with FDXR, which was itself also found to be essential for differentiation. Together, MPZL3 and FDXR increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) to drive epidermal differentiation. ROS-induced differentiation is dependent upon the promotion of FDXR enzymatic activity by MPZL3. ROS induction by the MPZL3 and FDXR mitochondrial proteins is therefore essential for epidermal differentiation.
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TMPH-01213 | DNASE1L3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | Baculovirus Insect Cells | ||
Has DNA hydrolytic activity. Is capable of both single- and double-stranded DNA cleavage, producing DNA fragments with 3'-OH ends. Can cleave chromatin to nucleosomal units and cleaves nucleosomal and liposome-coated DNA. Acts in internucleosomal DNA fragmentation (INDF) during apoptosis and necrosis. The role in apoptosis includes myogenic and neuronal differentiation, and BCR-mediated clonal deletion of self-reactive B cells. Is active on chromatin in apoptotic cell-derived membrane-coated microparticles and thus suppresses anti-DNA autoimmunity. Together with DNASE1, plays a key role in degrading neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are mainly composed of DNA fibers and are released by neutrophils to bind pathogens during inflammation. Degradation of intravascular NETs by DNASE1 and DNASE1L3 is required to prevent formation of clots that obstruct blood vessels and cause organ damage following inflammation.
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TMPJ-01274 | ERO1L Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 Cells | ||
ERO1-Like Protein α (ERO1L) is an enzyme that belongs to the EROs family. ERO1L is expressed at high level in esophagus and upper digestive tract. ERO1L is an essential oxidoreductase that oxidizes proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum to produce disulfide bonds. ERO1L acts by oxidizing directly P4HB/PDI isomerase through a direct disulfide exchange. It associates with ERP44, demonstrating that it does not oxidize all PDI related proteins and can discriminate between PDI and related proteins. Its reoxidation probably involves electron transfer to molecular oxygen via FAD. ERO1L may be responsible for a significant proportion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cell. ERO1L responses to temperature stimulus, protein thiol-disulfide exchange, protein folding with or without chaperone cofactor and transport.
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TMPY-00055 | LCAT Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 Cells | ||
Lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) is the sole enzyme that esterifies cholesterol in plasma, thus determining the maturation of high-density lipoproteins. Because it maintains an unesterified cholesterol gradient between peripheral cells and extracellular acceptors, for a long time, LCAT has been considered as a key enzyme in reverse cholesterol transport. Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) plays a pivotal role in HDL metabolism.LCAT is intimately involved in HDL maturation and is a key component of the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway which removes excess cholesterol molecules from the peripheral tissues to the liver for excretion. LCAT may also modify oxidative and inflammatory processes, as supported by an inverse relationship with HDL antioxidative functionality and a positive relationship with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP).
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TMPH-01212 | DNASE1L3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc) | Human | E. coli | ||
Has DNA hydrolytic activity. Is capable of both single- and double-stranded DNA cleavage, producing DNA fragments with 3'-OH ends. Can cleave chromatin to nucleosomal units and cleaves nucleosomal and liposome-coated DNA. Acts in internucleosomal DNA fragmentation (INDF) during apoptosis and necrosis. The role in apoptosis includes myogenic and neuronal differentiation, and BCR-mediated clonal deletion of self-reactive B cells. Is active on chromatin in apoptotic cell-derived membrane-coated microparticles and thus suppresses anti-DNA autoimmunity. Together with DNASE1, plays a key role in degrading neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are mainly composed of DNA fibers and are released by neutrophils to bind pathogens during inflammation. Degradation of intravascular NETs by DNASE1 and DNASE1L3 is required to prevent formation of clots that obstruct blood vessels and cause organ damage following inflammation.
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TMPH-01214 | DNASE1L3 Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | E. coli | ||
Has DNA hydrolytic activity. Is capable of both single- and double-stranded DNA cleavage, producing DNA fragments with 3'-OH ends. Can cleave chromatin to nucleosomal units and cleaves nucleosomal and liposome-coated DNA. Acts in internucleosomal DNA fragmentation (INDF) during apoptosis and necrosis. The role in apoptosis includes myogenic and neuronal differentiation, and BCR-mediated clonal deletion of self-reactive B cells. Is active on chromatin in apoptotic cell-derived membrane-coated microparticles and thus suppresses anti-DNA autoimmunity. Together with DNASE1, plays a key role in degrading neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are mainly composed of DNA fibers and are released by neutrophils to bind pathogens during inflammation. Degradation of intravascular NETs by DNASE1 and DNASE1L3 is required to prevent formation of clots that obstruct blood vessels and cause organ damage following inflammation.
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TMPJ-00833 | MPO Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) | Mouse | HEK293 Cells | ||
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a hemecontaining enzyme belonging to the XPO subfamily of peroxidases. It is an abundant neutrophil and monocyte glycoprotein that catalyzes the hydrogen peroxidedependent conversion of chloride, bromide, and iodide to multiple reactive species. MPO activity results in protein nitrosylation and the formation of 3-chlorotyrosine and dityrosine crosslinks. Modification of ApoB100, as well as the lipid and cholesterol components of LDL and HDL, promotes the development of atherosclerosis. MPO is also associated with a variety of other diseases, and inhibits vasodilation in inflammation by depleting the levels of NO. Serum albumin functions as a carrier protein during MPO movement to the basolateral side of epithelial cells. MPO is stored in neutrophil azurophilic granules. Upon cellular activation, it is deposited into pathogencontaining phagosomes. While mice lacking MPO are impaired in clearing select microbial infections,MPO deficiency in humans does not necessarily result in heightened susceptibility to infections.
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TMPY-01635 | PCSK1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 Cells | ||
Neuroendocrine convertase 1, also known as Prohormone convertase 1, Proprotein convertase 1, PCSK1 and NEC1, is an enzyme which belongs to the peptidase S8 family and Furin subfamily. PCSK1 is an enzyme that performs the proteolytic cleavage of prohormones to their intermediate (or sometimes completely cleaved) forms. It is present only in neuroendocrine cells such as brain, pituitary and adrenal, and most often cleaves after a pair of basic residues within prohormones but can occasionally cleave after a single arginine. It binds to a protein known as proSAAS, which also represents its endogenous inhibitor. PCSK1 is involved in the processing of hormone and other protein precursors at sites comprised of pairs of basic amino acid residues. PCSK1 substrates include POMC, renin, enkephalin, dynorphin, somatostatin and insulin. Defects in PCSK1 are the cause of proprotein convertase 1 deficiency (PC1 deficiency). PC1 deficiency is characterized by obesity, hypogonadism, hypoadrenalism, reactive hypoglycemia as well as marked small-intestinal absorptive dysfunction. It is due to impaired processing of prohormones.
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TMPY-02043 | PARK7/DJ-1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Parkinson's disease locus DJ-1 (PARK7) is a differentially expressed transcript. DJ-1 plays a physiologic role in protection of erythroid cells from oxidant damage, a function unmasked in the context of oxidative stress. PARK7 belongs to the peptidase C56 family of proteins. It acts as a positive regulator of androgen receptor-dependent transcription. It may also function as a redox-sensitive chaperone, as a sensor for oxidative stress, and it apparently protects neurons against oxidative stress and cell death. Mutations in the DJ-1 gene are associated with rare forms of autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson's disease (PD). DJ-1/p53 interactions contribute to apoptosis resistance in clonal myeloid cells and may serve as a prognostic marker in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). DJ-1 regulates redox signaling kinase pathways and acts as a transcriptional regulator of antioxidative gene batteries. Therefore, DJ-1 is an important redox-reactive signaling intermediate controlling oxidative stress after ischemia, upon neuroinflammation, and during age-related neurodegenerative processes. Augmenting DJ-1 activity might provide novel approaches to treating chronic neurodegenerative illnesses such as Parkinson's disease and acute damage such as stroke.
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TMPY-01632 | Serpin B4 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) | Mouse | Baculovirus Insect Cells | ||
Serpins are the largest and most diverse family of serine protease inhibitors which are involved in a number of fundamental biological processes such as blood coagulation, complement activation, fibrinolysis, angiogenesis, inflammation and tumor suppression and are expressed in a cell-specific manner. Serpins are a group of proteins with similar structures that were first identified as a set of proteins able to inhibit proteases. The acronym serpin was originally coined because many serpins inhibit chymotrypsin-like serine proteases (serine protease inhibitors). Over 1 serpins have been identified.Mouse SerpinB3, also known as Squamous cell carcinoma antigen 1, SCCA-1, SERPINB3, SCCA and SCCA1, is a cytoplasm protein that belongs to the serpin family and Ov-serpin subfamily. SerpinB3 may act as a protease inhibitor to modulate the host immune response against tumor cells. Mouse SerpinB3a and SerpinB3b, but not Serpinb3c, are functional, inhibiting both serine and cysteine proteinases with different inhibitory profiles due to the difference of two amino acids in their reactive site loops. SerpinB3a is ubiquitously expressed in most tissues, whereas expression of SerpinB3b is limited to keratinocytes. SerpinB3a and SerpinB3b may play different roles by inhibiting intrinsic or extrinsic proteinases with different expression distributions and different inhibitory profiles.
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TMPY-01816 | Pentraxin 3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 Cells | ||
Pentraxin-related protein PTX3, also known as Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 5, Tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 14 protein, TSG-14, PTX3 and TNFAIP5, is a secreted protein that contains one pentaxin domain. PTX3 plays a role in the regulation of innate resistance to pathogens, inflammatory reactions, possibly clearance of self-components and female fertility. Pentraxins are a family of evolutionarily conserved multifunctional pattern-recognition proteins characterized by a cyclic multimeric structure. Based on the primary structure of the subunit, the pentraxins are divided into two groups: short pentraxins and long pentraxins. C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid P-component (SAP) are the two short pentraxins. The prototype protein of the long pentraxin group is pentraxin 3 (PTX3). CRP and SAP are produced primarily in the liver in response to IL-6, while PTX3 is produced by a variety of tissues and cells and in particular by innate immunity cells in response to proinflammatory signals and Toll-like receptor (TLR) engagement. PTX3 is essential in female fertility by acting as a nodal point for the assembly of the cumulus oophorus hyaluronan-rich extracellular matrix. PTX3 interacts with several ligands, including growth factors, extracellular matrix components and selected pathogens, playing a role in complement activation and facilitating pathogen recognition by phagocytes, acting as a predecessor of antibodies. PTX3 may also contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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TMPY-04813 | ACAT2 Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His) | Rat | E. coli | ||
Acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) is an intracellular enzyme that produces cholesteryl esters in various tissues. In mammals, two ACAT genes (ACAT1 and ACAT2) have been identified. Together, these two enzymes are involved in storing cholesteryl esters as lipid droplets, in macrophage foam-cell formation, in absorbing dietary cholesterol, and in supplying cholesteryl esters as part of the core lipid for lipoprotein synthesis and assembly. The key difference in tissue distribution of ACAT1 and ACAT2 between humans, mice and monkeys is that, in adult human liver (including hepatocytes and bile duct cells), the major enzyme is ACAT1, rather than ACAT2. There is compelling evidence implicating a role for ACAT1 in macrophage foam-cell formation, and for ACAT2 in intestinal cholesterol absorption.Ubiquitin linkage to cysteine is an unconventional modification targeting protein for degradation. However, the physiological regulation of cysteine ubiquitylation is still mysterious. Here we found that ACAT2, a cellular enzyme converting cholesterol and fatty acid to cholesteryl esters, was ubiquitylated on Cys277 for degradation when the lipid level was low. gp78-Insigs catalysed Lys48-linked polyubiquitylation on this Cys277. A high concentration of cholesterol and fatty acid, however, induced cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) that oxidized Cys277, resulting in ACAT2 stabilization and subsequently elevated cholesteryl esters. Furthermore, ACAT2 knockout mice were more susceptible to high-fat diet-associated insulin resistance. By contrast, expression of a constitutively stable form of ACAT2 (C277A) resulted in higher insulin sensitivity. ACAT2 is an appealing target for therapy to reduce coronary heart disease.
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TMPH-01263 | PRKN Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & SUMO) | Human | E. coli | ||
Functions within a multiprotein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, catalyzing the covalent attachment of ubiquitin moieties onto substrate proteins. Substrates include SYT11 and VDAC1. Other substrates are BCL2, CCNE1, GPR37, RHOT1/MIRO1, MFN1, MFN2, STUB1, SNCAIP, SEPTIN5, TOMM20, USP30, ZNF746, MIRO1 and AIMP2. Mediates monoubiquitination as well as 'Lys-6', 'Lys-11', 'Lys-48'-linked and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of substrates depending on the context. Participates in the removal and/or detoxification of abnormally folded or damaged protein by mediating 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of misfolded proteins such as PARK7: 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitinated misfolded proteins are then recognized by HDAC6, leading to their recruitment to aggresomes, followed by degradation. Mediates 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of a 22 kDa O-linked glycosylated isoform of SNCAIP, possibly playing a role in Lewy-body formation. Mediates monoubiquitination of BCL2, thereby acting as a positive regulator of autophagy. Protects against mitochondrial dysfunction during cellular stress, by acting downstream of PINK1 to coordinate mitochondrial quality control mechanisms that remove and replace dysfunctional mitochondrial components. Depending on the severity of mitochondrial damage and/or dysfunction, activity ranges from preventing apoptosis and stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis to regulating mitochondrial dynamics and eliminating severely damaged mitochondria via mitophagy. Activation and recruitment onto the outer membrane of damaged/dysfunctional mitochondria (OMM) requires PINK1-mediated phosphorylation of both PRKN and ubiquitin. After mitochondrial damage, functions with PINK1 to mediate the decision between mitophagy or preventing apoptosis by inducing either the poly- or monoubiquitination of VDAC1, respectively; polyubiquitination of VDAC1 promotes mitophagy, while monoubiquitination of VDAC1 decreases mitochondrial calcium influx which ultimately inhibits apoptosis. When cellular stress results in irreversible mitochondrial damage, promotes the autophagic degradation of dysfunctional depolarized mitochondria (mitophagy) by promoting the ubiquitination of mitochondrial proteins such as TOMM20, RHOT1/MIRO1, MFN1 and USP30. Preferentially assembles 'Lys-6'-, 'Lys-11'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains, leading to mitophagy. The PINK1-PRKN pathway also promotes fission of damaged mitochondria by PINK1-mediated phosphorylation which promotes the PRKN-dependent degradation of mitochondrial proteins involved in fission such as MFN2. This prevents the refusion of unhealthy mitochondria with the mitochondrial network or initiates mitochondrial fragmentation facilitating their later engulfment by autophagosomes. Regulates motility of damaged mitochondria via the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of MIRO1 and MIRO2; in motor neurons, this likely inhibits mitochondrial intracellular anterograde transport along the axons which probably increases the chance of the mitochondria undergoing mitophagy in the soma. Involved in mitochondrial biogenesis via the 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination of transcriptional repressor ZNF746/PARIS which leads to its subsequent proteasomal degradation and allows activation of the transcription factor PPARGC1A. Limits the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Regulates cyclin-E during neuronal apoptosis. In collaboration with CHPF isoform 2, may enhance cell viability and protect cells from oxidative stress. Independently of its ubiquitin ligase activity, protects from apoptosis by the transcriptional repression of p53/TP53. May protect neurons against alpha synuclein toxicity, proteasomal dysfunction, GPR37 accumulation, and kainate-induced excitotoxicity. May play a role in controlling neurotransmitter trafficking at the presynaptic terminal and in calcium-dependent exocytosis. May represent a tumor suppressor gene.
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TMPH-02631 | PRKN Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (GST) | Mouse | E. coli | ||
Functions within a multiprotein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, catalyzing the covalent attachment of ubiquitin moieties onto substrate proteins. Substrates include SYT11 and VDAC1. Other substrates are BCL2, CCNE1, GPR37, RHOT1/MIRO1, MFN1, MFN2, STUB1, SNCAIP, SEPTIN5, TOMM20, USP30, ZNF746, MIRO1 and AIMP2. Mediates monoubiquitination as well as 'Lys-6', 'Lys-11', 'Lys-48'-linked and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of substrates depending on the context. Participates in the removal and/or detoxification of abnormally folded or damaged protein by mediating 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of misfolded proteins such as PARK7: 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitinated misfolded proteins are then recognized by HDAC6, leading to their recruitment to aggresomes, followed by degradation. Mediates 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of a 22 kDa O-linked glycosylated isoform of SNCAIP, possibly playing a role in Lewy-body formation. Mediates monoubiquitination of BCL2, thereby acting as a positive regulator of autophagy. Protects against mitochondrial dysfunction during cellular stress, by acting downstream of PINK1 to coordinate mitochondrial quality control mechanisms that remove and replace dysfunctional mitochondrial components. Depending on the severity of mitochondrial damage and/or dysfunction, activity ranges from preventing apoptosis and stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis to regulating mitochondrial dynamics and eliminating severely damaged mitochondria via mitophagy. Activation and recruitment onto the outer membrane of damaged/dysfunctional mitochondria (OMM) requires PINK1-mediated phosphorylation of both PRKN and ubiquitin. After mitochondrial damage, functions with PINK1 to mediate the decision between mitophagy or preventing apoptosis by inducing either the poly- or monoubiquitination of VDAC1, respectively; polyubiquitination of VDAC1 promotes mitophagy, while monoubiquitination of VDAC1 decreases mitochondrial calcium influx which ultimately inhibits apoptosis. When cellular stress results in irreversible mitochondrial damage, promotes the autophagic degradation of dysfunctional depolarized mitochondria (mitophagy) by promoting the ubiquitination of mitochondrial proteins such as TOMM20, RHOT1/MIRO1, MFN1 and USP30. Preferentially assembles 'Lys-6'-, 'Lys-11'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains, leading to mitophagy. The PINK1-PRKN pathway also promotes fission of damaged mitochondria by PINK1-mediated phosphorylation which promotes the PRKN-dependent degradation of mitochondrial proteins involved in fission such as MFN2. This prevents the refusion of unhealthy mitochondria with the mitochondrial network or initiates mitochondrial fragmentation facilitating their later engulfment by autophagosomes. Regulates motility of damaged mitochondria via the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of MIRO1 and MIRO2; in motor neurons, this likely inhibits mitochondrial intracellular anterograde transport along the axons which probably increases the chance of the mitochondria undergoing mitophagy in the soma. Involved in mitochondrial biogenesis via the 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination of transcriptional repressor ZNF746/PARIS which leads to its subsequent proteasomal degradation and allows activation of the transcription factor PPARGC1A. Limits the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Regulates cyclin-E during neuronal apoptosis. In collaboration with CHPF isoform 2, may enhance cell viability and protect cells from oxidative stress. Independently of its ubiquitin ligase activity, protects from apoptosis by the transcriptional repression of p53/TP53. May protect neurons against alpha synuclein toxicity, proteasomal dysfunction, GPR37 accumulation, and kainate-induced excitotoxicity. May play a role in controlling neurotransmitter trafficking at the presynaptic terminal and in calcium-dependent exocytosis. May represent a tumor suppressor gene.
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