目录号 | 产品详情 | 靶点 | |
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T82700 | |||
Cn2 toxin为一β类毒素,具有与电压门控钠通道(Nav)的电压感应域结合的能力。 | |||
T80528 | Potassium Channel | ||
Ssm Spooky Toxin是从Scolopendra mutilans中分离出的化合物,其特点是有效抑制KCNQ(电压门控钾通道家族7)通道,表现出对血液和呼吸系统的致命毒性。Ssm Spooky Toxin对Kv7.4、Kv1.3和Shal通道的IC50值分别为2.8 μM、5.26 μM和0.1-0.3 M,且能够通过针对T细胞中的KV1.3通道抑制细胞因子的产生,在蜈蚣的循环系统中起着关键作用。 | |||
T5625 | Others | ||
Zearalenone (F2 toxin) 是真菌毒素,主要由食物和饲料中的 Fusarium 产生。它会引起幼龄母猪乳房发育早熟或其它雌激素效应。它在猪、牛、羊体内具有雌激素活性,急性毒性低。 | |||
T35775 | |||
HT-2 toxin-13C22is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of HT-2 toxin by GC- or LC-MS. HT-2 toxin is a type A trichothecene mycotoxin and an active, deacetylated metabolite of the trichothecene mycotoxin T-2 toxin .1,2Like T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin inhibits protein synthesis and cell proliferation in plants.2HT-2 toxin also reduces viability of HepG2, A549, HEp-2, Caco-2, A-204, U937, Jurkat, and RPMI-8226 cancer cells with IC50values ranging from 3.1 to 23 ng/ml and human umbilical vein endothelial cells with an IC50value of 56.4 ng/ml.1It induces oxidative stress, DNA damage, and autophagy in, as well as halts the development of, cultured mouse embryos when used at a concentration of 10 nM.3HT-2 toxin has been found in cereal grains and food products.4,5 1.Nielsen, C., Casteel, M., Didier, A., et al.Trichothecene-induced cytotoxicity on human cell linesMycotoxin Res.25(2)77-84(2009) 2.Nathanail, A.V., Varga, E., Meng-Reiterer, J., et al.Metabolism of the fusarium mycotoxins T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin in wheatJ. Agric. Food Chem.63(35)7862-7872(2015) 3.Zhang, L., Li, L., Xu, J., et al.HT-2 toxin exposure induces mitochondria dysfunction and DNA damage during mouse early embryo developmentReprod. Toxicol.85104-109(2019) 4.Langseth, W., and Rundberget, T.The occurrence of HT-2 toxin and other trichothecenes in Norwegian cerealsMycopathologia147(3)157-165(1999) 5.Al-Taher, F., Cappozzo, J., Zweigenbaum, J., et al.Detection and quantitation of mycotoxins in infant cereals in the U.S. market by LC-MS/MS using a stable isotope dilution assayFood Control72(Part A)27-35(2017) | |||
TP1588 | |||
Tetanus toxin (830-843) from tetanus toxoid is a universal human tetanus toxin T cell epitope. It induces T-cell activation and is used as a helper peptide in vaccinations. | |||
T35774 | |||
HC Toxin is a cell-permeable, reversible inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs) (IC50 = 30 nM). Through its effects on HDACs, HC toxin has been shown to up-regulate the expression of 15-lipoxygenase-1 in colorectal cancer cells and induce fetal hemoglobin in human primary erythroid cells. HC Toxin is a cyclic tetrapeptide first isolated from H. carbonum (now C. carbonum), a pathogen of maize. | |||
TP1588L | Others | ||
Tetanus toxin 830-843 acetate (Tetanus toxin 830-843 acetate (119260-99-0 free base)) 来自破伤风类毒素的醋酸破伤风毒素(830-843) 是一种通用的人类破伤风毒素 T 细胞表位。它诱导 T 细胞活化并在疫苗接种中用作辅助肽。 | |||
T19509 | Others | ||
Pertussis Toxin is a protein-based AB5-type exotoxin produced by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. | |||
T9541 | Epigenetic Reader Domain | ||
CTB (Cholera Toxin B subunit) 是一种 p300 组蛋白乙酰转移酶的激活剂,可诱导 MCF-7 细胞凋亡。 | |||
T34906 | |||
Toxin IIc is a biochemical. |
目录号 | 产品名/同用名 | 种属 | 表达系统 | ||
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TMPY-02953 | TEM8/ANTXR1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
ANTXR1 contains 1 VWFA domain and belongs to the ATR family. ATR (Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related) and ATM (Ataxia telangiectasia mutated) are closely related kinases that are activated by DNA damage. They are serine-threonine protein kinases and belongs to the phosphatidylinositol 3' kinase-like kinase (PIKK) family. Upon recruitment by the DNA damage binding proteins/complexes (ATRIP for ATR; MRN for ATM), ATM/ATR initiate the DNA damage checkpoint by phosphorylating a number of key proteins. ANTXR1 interacts with extracellular matrix proteins and with the actin cytoskeleton. It functions in cell attachment and migration. ANTXR1 also mediates adhesion of cells to type 1 collagen and gelatin, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and promotes cell spreading. It plays a role in the angiogenic response of cultured umbilical vein endothelial cells.
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TMPH-00361 | Beta-mammal toxin Cn2 Protein, Centruroides noxius, Recombinant (His) | Centruroides noxius | Yeast | ||
Mammal beta-toxins bind voltage-independently at site-4 of sodium channels (Nav) and shift the activation voltage to more negative potentials. This toxin is active against mammals.
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TMPH-03626 | Beta-mammal/insect toxin Ts1 Protein, Tityus serrulatus, Recombinant (His & Myc) | Tityus serrulatus | Baculovirus | ||
Beta-mammal/insect toxin Ts1 Protein, Tityus serrulatus, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in Baculovirus.
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TMPH-00432 | Diphtheria toxin Protein, Corynephage omega, Recombinant (His & Myc) | Corynephage omega | E. coli | ||
Diphtheria toxin Protein, Corynephage omega, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli.
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TMPH-03627 | Beta-mammal/insect toxin Ts1 Protein, Tityus serrulatus, Recombinant (E. coli, His & Myc) | Tityus serrulatus | E. coli | ||
Beta-mammal/insect toxin Ts1 Protein, Tityus serrulatus, Recombinant (E. coli, His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli.
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TMPH-03628 | Beta-toxin Tz1 Protein, Tityus zulianus, Recombinant (His & Myc) | Tityus zulianus | E. coli | ||
Beta-toxin Tz1 Protein, Tityus zulianus, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli.
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TMPH-03625 | Alpha-mammal toxin Ts2 Protein, Tityus serrulatus, Recombinant (His & Myc) | Tityus serrulatus | Baculovirus | ||
Alpha-mammal toxin Ts2 Protein, Tityus serrulatus, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in Baculovirus.
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TMPH-00362 | Beta-mammal toxin Css4 Protein, Centruroides suffusus, Recombinant (His & SUMO) | Centruroides suffusus | E. coli | ||
Beta toxins bind voltage-independently at site-4 of sodium channels (Nav) and shift the voltage of activation toward more negative potentials thereby affecting sodium channel activation and promoting spontaneous and repetitive firing. This toxin is active only on mammals.
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TMPH-00054 | AaH II Protein, Androctonus australis, Recombinant (His & SUMO) | Androctonus australis | E. coli | ||
Alpha toxins bind voltage-independently at site-3 of sodium channels (Nav) and inhibit the inactivation of the activated channels, thereby blocking neuronal transmission. The toxin principally slows the inactivation process of TTX-sensitive sodium channels. It is active on rat brain Nav1.2/SCN2A sodium channel (EC(50)=2.6 nM) and on rat skeletal muscle Nav1.4/SCN4A sodium channel (EC(50)=2.2 nM), as well as on human neuronal Nav1.7/SCN9A (EC(50)=6.8 nM). This toxin is active against mammals. In vivo, intraplantar injection into mice induces spontaneous pain responses.
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TMPH-03522 | Alpha-hemolysin Protein, S. aureus, Recombinant (His) | Staphylococcus aureus | Yeast | ||
Alpha-toxin binds to the membrane of eukaryotic cells resulting in the release of low-molecular weight molecules and leading to an eventual osmotic lysis. Inhibits host neutrophil chemotaxis to the lesion region (Probable). Heptamer oligomerization and pore formation is required for lytic activity.
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TMPH-03523 | Alpha-hemolysin Protein, S. aureus, Recombinant (His & SUMO) | Staphylococcus aureus | E. coli | ||
Alpha-toxin binds to the membrane of eukaryotic cells resulting in the release of low-molecular weight molecules and leading to an eventual osmotic lysis. Inhibits host neutrophil chemotaxis to the lesion region (Probable). Heptamer oligomerization and pore formation is required for lytic activity.
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TMPH-03026 | CARDS Protein, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Recombinant (His & Myc) | Mycoplasma pneumoniae | E. coli | ||
Acts as an ADP-ribosylating toxin, which may transfer the ADP-ribosyl group from NAD(+) to specific amino acids in target proteins. Elicits cytopathic effects in mammalian cells, such as disorganization and disruption of respiratory epithelial integrity in tracheal epithelium and vacuolization in the cytoplasm of CHO and HeLa cells.
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TMPH-03075 | 3FTx-Oxy6 Protein, Oxyuranus microlepidotus, Recombinant (His & Myc & SUMO) | Oxyuranus microlepidotus | E. coli | ||
3FTx-Oxy6 Protein, Oxyuranus microlepidotus, Recombinant (His & Myc & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli.
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TMPY-00380 | ANTXR2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Loss-of-function mutations in capillary morphogenesis gene 2 (CMG2/ANTXR2), a transmembrane surface protein, cause hyaline fibromatosis syndrome (HFS), a severe genetic disorder that is characterized by large subcutaneous nodules, gingival hypertrophy and severe painful joint contracture. Anthrax toxin causes anthrax pathogenesis and expression levels of ANTXR2 (anthrax toxin receptor 2) are strongly correlated with anthrax toxin susceptibility. A recent genome-wide association study or GWAS identified that anthrax roxin receptor 2 (ANTXR2) was one of the risk loci for ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Previous study also showed that ANTXR2 could potentially affect new bone formation. This study aimed to investigate the possible mechanisms of ANTXR2 involved in AS pathogenesis.
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TMPH-00606 | CDTC Protein, E. coli, Recombinant (His & Myc) | E. coli | E. coli | ||
Part of the tripartite complex that is required for the CDT activity. CdtC, along with CdtA, probably forms a heterodimeric subunit required for the delivery of CdtB.
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TMPJ-00744 | Toxin B Protein, Vibriocholerae, Recombinant | Vibrio cholerae | E. coli | ||
Cholera toxin is protein complex secreted by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is responsible for the massive, watery diarrhea characteristic of cholera infection. Cholera enterotoxin subunit B (CTXB) pentameric ring directs the A subunit to its target by binding to the GM1 gangliosides present on the surface of the intestinal epithelial cells. It can bind five GM1 gangliosides. It has no toxic activity by itself.
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TMPY-04094 | ANTXR2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) | Mouse | HEK293 | ||
Loss-of-function mutations in capillary morphogenesis gene 2 (CMG2/ANTXR2), a transmembrane surface protein, cause hyaline fibromatosis syndrome (HFS), a severe genetic disorder that is characterized by large subcutaneous nodules, gingival hypertrophy and severe painful joint contracture. Anthrax toxin causes anthrax pathogenesis and expression levels of ANTXR2 (anthrax toxin receptor 2) are strongly correlated with anthrax toxin susceptibility. A recent genome-wide association study or GWAS identified that anthrax roxin receptor 2 (ANTXR2) was one of the risk loci for ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Previous study also showed that ANTXR2 could potentially affect new bone formation. This study aimed to investigate the possible mechanisms of ANTXR2 involved in AS pathogenesis.
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TMPH-00837 | BjaIT Protein, Hottentotta judaicus, Recombinant (His & Myc) | Hottentotta judaicus | E. coli | ||
Alpha toxins bind voltage-independently at site-3 of sodium channels (Nav) and inhibit the inactivation of the activated channels, thereby blocking neuronal transmission. This toxin is active against insects (para/tipE).
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TMPH-00056 | Delta-AITX-Avd1c Protein, Anemonia sulcata, Recombinant (His) | Anemonia sulcata | Yeast | ||
Binds specifically to voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) (site 3), thereby delaying their inactivation. Has a strong effect on crustaceans and insects (DmNav1) and a weaker effect on mammals. This toxin is highly potent at mammalian Nav1.1/SCN1A (EC(50)=6.01 nM) and Nav1.2/SCN2A (EC(50)=7.88 nM). It has also great activity on Nav1.5/SCN5A (EC(50)=49.05 nM), Nav1.4/SCN4A (EC(50)=109.49 nM) and Nav1.6/SCN8A (EC(50)=about 180 nM) and is less potent on Nav1.3/SCN3A (EC(50)=759.22 nM) (when measured as the increase in the slow component).
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TMPJ-01333 | TEM8/ANTXR1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | Human Cells | ||
Anthrax Toxin Receptor 1 (ANTXR1) is a single-pass type I membrane protein that belongs to the ATR family. ANTXR1 contains one VWFA domain and binds PA through the VWA domain. ANTXR1 is highly expressed in tumor endothelial cells. ANTXR1 plays a role in cell attachment and migration. ANTXR1 interacts with extracellular matrix proteins and the actin cytoskeleton, it mediates adhesion of cells to type 1 collagen and gelatin, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and promotes cell spreading. It is also involved in the angiogenic response of cultured umbilical vein endothelial cells, up-regulated in cultured angiogenic umbilical vein endothelial cells. Defects in ANTXR1 are associated with susceptibility to hemangioma capillary infantile (HCI).
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TMPH-03534 | Delta-hemolysin Protein, S. aureus, Recombinant (His & KSI) | Staphylococcus aureus | E. coli | ||
Lyses erythrocytes and many other mammalian cells.
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TMPH-00403 | Toxin A Protein, Clostridioides difficile, Recombinant (His) | Clostridioides difficile | E. coli | ||
Toxin A Protein, Clostridioides difficile, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli.
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TMPH-00604 | CDTA Protein, E. coli, Recombinant (His) | E. coli | E. coli | ||
CDTs are cytotoxins which induce host cell distension, growth arrest in G2/M phase, nucleus swelling, and chromatin fragmentation in HeLa cells. CdtA, along with CdtC, probably forms a heterodimeric subunit required for the delivery of CdtB.
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TMPY-00615 | ANTXR2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (hFc) | Mouse | HEK293 | ||
Loss-of-function mutations in capillary morphogenesis gene 2 (CMG2/ANTXR2), a transmembrane surface protein, cause hyaline fibromatosis syndrome (HFS), a severe genetic disorder that is characterized by large subcutaneous nodules, gingival hypertrophy and severe painful joint contracture. Anthrax toxin causes anthrax pathogenesis and expression levels of ANTXR2 (anthrax toxin receptor 2) are strongly correlated with anthrax toxin susceptibility. A recent genome-wide association study or GWAS identified that anthrax roxin receptor 2 (ANTXR2) was one of the risk loci for ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Previous study also showed that ANTXR2 could potentially affect new bone formation. This study aimed to investigate the possible mechanisms of ANTXR2 involved in AS pathogenesis.
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TMPH-00605 | CDTB Protein, E. coli, Recombinant (His & Myc & SUMO) | E. coli | E. coli | ||
Part of the tripartite complex that is required for the CDT activity. CdtB exhibits a DNA-nicking endonuclease activity, and very probably causes DNA damage in intoxicated cells. This damage induces G2/M cell cycle arrest, chromatin fragmentation, cell distention and nucleus enlargement.
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TMPH-03586 | Toxin zeta Protein, S. agalactiae, Recombinant (His) | Streptococcus agalactiae | Yeast | ||
Toxic component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. Phosphorylates UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (UNAG) on the 3'-hydroxyl group of the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine moiety, yielding UNAG-3P. UNAG-3P inhibits MurA, the first committed step in cell wall synthesis, which is then blocked. Phosphorylation is inhibited by cognate epsilon antitoxin. Part of a postsegregational killing (PSK) system involved in the killing of plasmid-free cells. The zeta toxin induces programmed cell death.
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TMPH-03551 | Exfoliative toxin A Protein, S. aureus, Recombinant (His) | Staphylococcus aureus | E. coli | ||
Has serine protease-like properties and binds to the skin protein profilaggrin. Cleaves substrates after acidic residues. Exfoliative toxins cause impetigous diseases commonly referred as staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS).
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TMPH-00510 | DT3C Protein, Recombinant (His) | Corynephage beta | E. coli | ||
DT3C Protein, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli.
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TMPH-00423 | Tetanus toxin Protein, Clostridium tetani, Recombinant (B2M & His) | Clostridium tetani | E. coli | ||
Tetanus toxin Protein, Clostridium tetani, Recombinant (B2M & His) is expressed in E. coli.
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TMPH-03552 | Exfoliative toxin B Protein, S. aureus, Recombinant (His & Myc) | Staphylococcus aureus | E. coli | ||
Has serine protease-like properties and binds to the skin protein profilaggrin. Cleaves substrates after acidic residues. Exfoliative toxins cause impetigous diseases commonly referred as staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS).
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TMPH-00387 | Toxin CfTX-1 Protein, Chironex fleckeri, Recombinant (His & SUMO) | Chironex fleckeri | E. coli | ||
May cause profound effects on the cardiovascular system of anesthetized rats (at 25 ug/kg), since the fraction containing this toxin and CfTX-2 produces an initial increase in mean arterial pressure, followed by cardiovascular collapse in all animals within 1 minute of injection. To note, the same fraction does not induce significant change in heart rate. Has weak hemolytic activity. Is lethal to crayfish. Causes cutaneous inflammation in humans. May act as a pore-forming toxin, disrupting normal transmembrane ion concentration gradients in susceptible cells.
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TMPH-00055 | Alpha-toxin Amm8 Protein, Androctonus mauritanicus, Recombinant (His & Myc) | Androctonus mauritanicus | Baculovirus | ||
Alpha toxins bind voltage-independently at site-3 of sodium channels (Nav) and inhibit the inactivation of the activated channels, thereby blocking neuronal transmission. The toxin principally slows the inactivation process of TTX-sensitive sodium channels. It discriminates neuronal versus muscular sodium channel, as it is more potent on rat brain Nav1.2/SCN2A (EC(50)=29 nM) than on rat skeletal muscle Nav1.4/SCN4A (EC(50)=416 nM). It also shows a weak activity on Nav1.7/SCN9A (EC(50)=1.76 uM). In vivo, the toxin produces pain hypersensibility to mechanical and thermal stimuli.(PubMed:23685008). It also exhibits potent analgesic activity (when injected intraperitoneally), increasing hot plate and tail flick withdrawal latencies in a dose-dependent fashion. This paradoxical analgesic action, is significantly suppressed by opioid receptor antagonists, suggesting a pain-induced analgesia mechanism that involves an endogenous opioid system. This led to hypothesis that pain relief induced by peripheral administration of Amm VIII may result from sensitization of primary afferent neurons and subsequent activation of an opioid-dependent noxious inhibitory control.
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TMPY-02439 | Rac2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (Rac2) is a small G-protein belonging to the Ras subfamily of the GTPase family. Rac2 acts as an "on / off" switch for signal transduction cascades and motilities. When GDP is attached to the small G-protein, the enzyme is inactivated. Release of the GDP and replace of the GTP cativate the GTPasee. Rac2 remains active until the GTP is hydrolyzed to GDP. Rac2 is a hematopoietic-specific Rho family GTPase implicated as an important constituent of the NADPH oxidase complex and shares 92% amino acid identity with the ubiquitously expressed Rac1. The small G-protein Rac2 regulates the rearrangements of actin and membrane necessary for Fcy receptor-mediated phagocytosis by macrophages. Activated Rac2 binds to the p21-binding domain of PAK1 and this binding provided a basis for microscopic methods to localize activation of these G proteins inside cells.
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TMPY-02447 | Shiga toxin II subunit B Protein, E. coli, Recombinant (His) | E. coli | E. coli | ||
E. Coli STX2B is a subunit of Stx2. Stx2, together with Stx1, formed a family of related toxins which are known as shiga toxins. Shiga toxins are mainly produced by the bacteria S. dysenteriae and the Shigatoxigenic group of Escherichia coli, which includes serotypes O157:H7, O104:H4, and other enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC). A total of 3222 outbreak cases (including 39 deaths) have been reported in northern Germany in May through June 2011. The outbreak strain was typed as an enteroaggregative Shiga-toxin–producing E. coli O104:H4, producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. The toxin has two subunits—A and B. E. Coli STX2B is the B subunit. It is a pentamer that binds to specific glycolipids on the host cell, specifically globotriaosylceramide. Following this, the A subunit is internalised and cleaved into two parts. Stx2 has been found to be approximately 400 times more toxic (as quantified by LD50 in mice) than Stx-1. The Stx1 and Stx2 B subunits form a pentameric structure that binds to globotriaosylceramide receptors on eukaryotic cells and promotes endocytosis.
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TMPY-01187 | Rac1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (GST) | Human | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
RAC1 is a GTPase that belongs to the RAS superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins. Members of this superfamily appear to regulate a diverse array of cellular events, including the control of cell growth, cytoskeletal reorganization, and the activation of protein kinases. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for RAC1 gene. RAC1 is a plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such as secretory processes, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, epithelial cell polarization and growth-factor induced formation of membrane ruffles. RAC1 p21/rho GDI heterodimer is the active component of the cytosolic factor sigma 1, which is involved in stimulation of the NADPH oxidase activity in macrophage. RAC1 is essential for the SPATA13-mediated regulation of cell migration and adhesion assembly and disassembly. RAC1's isoform B has an accelerated GEF-independent GDP/GTP exchange and an impaired GTP hydrolysis, which is restored partially by GTPase-activating proteins. It is able to bind to the GTPase-binding domain of PAK but not full-length PAK in a GTP-dependent manner, suggesting that the insertion does not completely abolish effector interaction. Stat3 is an important transcription factor that regulates both proinflammatory and anti-apoptotic pathways in the heart. It forms a multiprotein complex with RAC1 and PKC in an H/R-dependent manner by expression of constitutively active Rac1 mutant protein, and by RNA silencing of RAC1. Selective inhibition of PKC with calphostin C produces a marked suppression of Stat3 S727 phosphorylation. The association of Stat3 with Rax1 occurs predominantly at the cell membrane, but also inside the nucleus, and occurs through the binding of the coiled-coil domain of Stat3 to the 54 NH(2)-terminal residues of RAC1. Transfection with a peptide comprising the NH(2)-terminal 17 amino acid residues of RAC1-dependent signaling pathways resulting in a physical association between Rac1 and Stat3 and the formation of a novel multiprotein complex with PKC.
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TMPH-03652 | Ustilago maydis P6 virus (UmV6) KP6 killer toxin (His) | UmV6 | Yeast | ||
Ustilago maydis P6 virus (UmV6) KP6 killer toxin (His) is expressed in Yeast.
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TMPJ-01286 | proHB-EGF Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | Human Cells | ||
Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is a 1216 kDa member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family. It possesses an EGFlike domain, and a heparin-binding motif. Mature HBEGF is a soluble peptide that arises from proteolytic processing of the transmembrane form. Human HBEGF shows 76% and 73% aa sequence identity with rat and mouse HBEGF, respectively. It is required for normal cardiac valve formation and normal heart function, promotes smooth muscle cell proliferation. It may be involved in macrophage-mediated cellular proliferation; it is mitogenic for fibroblasts, but not endothelial cells. HBEGF classified as a group 2 ErbB ligand based on its ability to activate both the EGF/ErbB1 and ErbB4 receptors. Activity associated with ErbB4 binding appears to be limited to nonmitogenic actions, while EGFR binding induces both mitogenic and nonmitogenic activity.
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TMPH-00579 | Antitoxin RelB Protein, E. coli, Recombinant (His & Myc) | E. coli | E. coli | ||
Antitoxin component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. Counteracts the effect of cognate toxin RelE via direct protein-protein interaction, preventing RelE from entering the ribosome A site and thus inhibiting its endoribonuclease activity. An autorepressor of relBE operon transcription. 2 RelB dimers bind to 2 operator sequences; DNA-binding and repression is stronger when complexed with toxin/corepressor RelE by conditional cooperativity. Increased transcription rate of relBE and activation of relE is consistent with a lower level of RelB in starved cells due to degradation of RelB by protease Lon.; Seems to be a principal mediator of cell death in liquid media.
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TMPH-00633 | Heat-stable enterotoxin A2 Protein, E. coli, Recombinant (His & Myc & SUMO) | E. coli | E. coli | ||
Toxin which activates the particulate form of guanylate cyclase and increases cyclic GMP levels within the host intestinal epithelial cells.
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TMPH-00635 | Heat-stable enterotoxin ST-IA/ST-P Protein, E. coli, Recombinant (GST) | E. coli | E. coli | ||
Toxin which activates the particulate form of guanylate cyclase and increases cyclic GMP levels within the host intestinal epithelial cells.
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TMPH-00632 | Heat-labile enterotoxin B chain Protein, E. coli, Recombinant (His & Myc) | E. coli | E. coli | ||
The biological activity of the toxin is produced by the A chain, which activates intracellular adenyl cyclase.
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TMPH-00631 | Heat-labile enterotoxin B chain Protein, E. coli, Recombinant (His) | E. coli | E. coli | ||
The biological activity of the toxin is produced by the A chain, which activates intracellular adenyl cyclase.
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TMPH-00630 | Heat-labile enterotoxin A chain Protein, E. coli, Recombinant (His & Myc) | E. coli | E. coli | ||
The biological activity of the toxin is produced by the A chain, which activates intracellular adenyl cyclase.
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TMPH-00634 | Heat-stable enterotoxin ST-2 Protein, E. coli, Recombinant | E. coli | E. coli | ||
Toxin which activates the particulate form of guanylate cyclase and increases cyclic GMP levels within the host intestinal epithelial cells.
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TMPH-00818 | Delta-theraphotoxin-Hm1a Protein, Heteroscodra maculata, Recombinant (His & Myc & SUMO) | Heteroscodra maculata | E. coli | ||
Gating-modifier toxin that potently inhibits inactivation of the mammalian Nav1.1/SCN1A sodium channel (EC(50)=38 nM). Also moderately inhibits inactivation of Nav1.2/SCN2A (EC(50)=236 nM) and Nav1.3/SCN3A (EC(50)=220 nM) when the channels are expressed in oocytes without the beta-1 auxiliary subunit. Does not inhibit inactivation of Nav1.2/SCN2A when the channel is coexpressed with the beta-1 auxiliary subunit. When tested on Nav1.1/SCN1A channel, it enhances peak current amplitude and potently delays channel inactivation in a dose-dependent manner, leading to a large sustained current. It has no effect on the voltage-dependence of steady-state activation, and induces a depolarizing shift in the voltage dependence of inactivation. In addition, it does not modify the recovery from fast inactivation in Nav1.1/SCN1A. The binding affinity and subtype selectivity of the toxin towards Nav1.1/SCN1A channel is determined by residues within both the S1-S2 and S3-S4 loops of the domain IV voltage sensor of the channel. This toxin also weakly inhibits several subtypes of voltage-gated potassium channels. It moderately blocks Kv2.1/KCNB1 (23% inhibition at 100 nM), Kv2.2/KCNB2 (19.7% at 100 nM and 51% at 300 nM), Kv4.1/KCND1 (IC(50)=280 nM), Kv4.2/KCND2 (39% at 300 nM) and Kv4.3/KCND3 (43% at 300 nM). In vivo, intracerebroventricular injection into mice elicits convulsions, spasms, tremors and rapid death. When injected into mouse hindpaw, the toxin elicits an immediate and robust response to pain. However, intraplantar injection of toxin does not cause neurogenic inflammation or alter sensitivity to heat, indicative of a modality-specific effect on mechanosensitive neurons. In Dravet syndrome mice model, intracerebroventricular infusion of this peptide rescues mice from seizures and premature death.
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TMPY-00248 | Lymphotoxin Beta Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (His) | Cynomolgus | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
LTB (Lymphotoxin Beta) is a Protein Coding gene. 2 alternatively spliced human isoforms have been reported. Lymphotoxin beta is a type II membrane protein of the TNF family. It anchors lymphotoxin-alpha to the cell surface through heterotrimer formation. Heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is both a strong mucosal adjuvant and immunogen. It is a subunit vaccine candidate to be used against ETEC-induced diarrhea. It has already been expressed in several bacterial and plant systems.LTB provokes a systemic immune response and exerts adjuvant effects on mucosal immune responses to unrelated antigens. Diseases associated with LTB include Synovitis and Myasthenic Syndrome, Congenital, 2C, Associated With Acetylcholine Receptor Deficiency.
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TMPH-03549 | Enterotoxin type H Protein, S. aureus, Recombinant (His) | Staphylococcus aureus | Yeast | ||
Staphylococcal enterotoxin that activates the host immune system by binding as unprocessed molecules to major histocompatibility (MHC) complex class II and T-cell receptor (TCR) molecules via their alpha domain, in particular TRAV27. In turn, this ternary complex activates a large number of T-lymphocytes initiating a systemic release of proinflammatory cytokines. Causes also the intoxication staphylococcal food poisoning syndrome. The illness characterized by high fever, hypotension, diarrhea, shock, and in some cases death.
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TMPH-03548 | Enterotoxin type G Protein, S. aureus (strain N315), Recombinant (His) | Staphylococcus aureus | Yeast | ||
Staphylococcal enterotoxins cause the intoxication staphylococcal food poisoning syndrome. The illness is characterized by high fever, hypotension, diarrhea, shock, and in some cases death.
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TMPH-03037 | Alpha-cobratoxin Protein, Naja kaouthia, Recombinant (GST & His & Myc) | Naja kaouthia | E. coli | ||
Monomer: binds with high affinity to muscular (alpha-1-beta-1-gamma-delta/CHRNA1-CHRNB1-CHRNG-CHRND) nAChR (tested on Torpedo californica, Kd=0.2-4.5 nM) and neuronal alpha-7/CHRNA7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (Kd=13-105 nM). Also inhibits GABA(A) channels. Heteropentamer targets studied are composed of alpha-1-beta-3-gamma-2 (GABRA1-GABRB3-GABRG2) subunits (IC(50)=236 nM), alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 (GABRA1-GABRB2-GABRG2) subunits (IC(50)=469 nM), alpha-2-beta-2-gamma-2 (GABRA2-GABRB2-GABRG2) subunits (IC(50)=485 nM), alpha-5-beta-3-gamma-2 (GABRA5-GABRB3-GABRG2) subunits (IC(50)=635 nM), and alpha-2-beta-3-gamma-2 (GABRA2-GABRB3-GABRG2) subunits (IC(50)=1099 nM) (activated by 10 uM GABA).; Homodimer: binds with high affinity (but lower than the monomeric form) to muscular (IC(50)=9.7 nM) and with low affinity to neuronal alpha-7/CHRNA7 nAChRs (IC(50)=1370 nM). However, it acquires (compared to the monomeric form) the capacity to block alpha-3/beta-2 (CHRNA3/CHRNB2) nAChRs.; Heterodimer with cytotoxin 3 (AC P01446): is slightly more active than the homodimer in inhibiting alpha-7/CHRNA7 nAChR and is considerably more active in blocking the alpha-3-beta-2/CHRNA3-CHRNB2 nAChR.
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TMPH-03543 | Enterotoxin type C-3 Protein, S. aureus, Recombinant (His & SUMO) | Staphylococcus aureus | E. coli | ||
Staphylococcal enterotoxin that activates the host immune system by binding as unprocessed molecules to major histocompatibility (MHC) complex class II and T-cell receptor (TCR) molecules. In turn, this ternary complex activates a large number of T-lymphocytes initiating a systemic release of proinflammatory cytokines. Causes also the intoxication staphylococcal food poisoning syndrome.
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