目录号 | 产品名/同用名 | 种属 | 表达系统 | ||
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TMPK-00823 | VEGF165 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF or VEGF-A), also known as vascular permeability factor (VPF), is a potent mediator of both angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in the fetus and adult. VEGF165 appears to be the most abundant and potent isoform, followed by VEGF121 and VEGF189.
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TMPJ-00864 | VEGF165 Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | Human Cells | ||
Human Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), also known as VEGF-A and vascular permeability factor (VPF), belongs to the platelet-derived growth factor family of cysteine-knot growth factors. It is a potent activator in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis both physiologically and pathologically. VEGF-A has 8 differently spliced isoforms, of which VEGF165 is the most abundant one. VEGF165 is a disulfide-linked homodimer consisting of two glycosylated 165 amino acid polypeptide chains. VEGF stimulates the cellular response through binding to tyrosine kinase receptors VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 on the cell surface. It is widely accepted that VEGFR2 mediate almost all of the known cellular responses to VEGF while the function of VEGFR1 is less defined and is thought to modulate the VEGFR2 signaling.
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TMPY-00749 | FGF-2 Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | E. coli | ||
Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), also known as FGF2, is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. It is a highly specific chemotactic and mitogenic factor for many cell types, appears to be involved in remodeling damaged tissue, such as ulcer healing, vascular repair, traumatic brain injury (TBI). bFGF is a critical component of human embryonic stem cell culture medium. In addition, bFGF protein is a heparin-binding cationic protein involved in a variety of pathological conditions including angiogenesis and solid tumour growth. Thus, bFGF is regarded as a target for cancers chemopreventive and therapeutic strategies.bFGF/FGF2 Protein & Antibody Products
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TMPY-04935 | CD47 Protein, Human, Recombinant (aa 1-139, His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
CD47 contains 1 Ig-like V-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain and is a receptor for the C-terminal cell binding domain of thrombospondin. It may play a role in membrane transport and signal transduction. CD47 is also a membrane protein, which is involved in the increase in intracellular calcium concentration that occurs upon cell adhesion to extracellular matrix. It is very broadly distributed on normal adult tissues, as well as ovarian tumors, being especially abundant in some epithelia and the brain. CD47 may play a role in membrane transport and/or integrin dependent signal transduction. It may prevent premature elimination of red blood cells. It also may be involved in membrane permeability changes induced following virus infection. By acting as an adhesion receptor for THBS1 on platelets, CD47 plays a role in both cell adhesion and in the modulation of integrins. It also plays an important role in memory formation and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus.Cancer ImmunotherapyCo-inhibitory Immune Checkpoint TargetsImmune CheckpointImmune Checkpoint Detection: AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: ELISA AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: WB AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint TargetsImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-03763 | Neuropilin-2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Neuropilin-2 (NRP-2) which is related to NRP-1, is a type I? transmembrane glycoprotein and has the structure characteristic with five main extracellular domains: two complement binding (CUB) domains, two coagulation factor V/VIII homology domains, and a MAM (meprin, tyrosine phosphatase domain) region. NRP-2 is a receptor capable of binding two disparate ligands, classⅢ semaphorins (SEMA) and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), and thus regulates two diverse systems by activating cellular signaling pathways via interacting with other cell surface receptors such as VEGF receptors and plexins. NRP-2 is well known for its role in facilitating axonal guidance during the development of the neuronal system, and additionally, it is also expressed in vascular endothelial cells and lymphatic endothelium where it affects proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, as well as the formation of small lymphatic vessels and capillaries. A recent study has identified NRP-2 as a polysialylation protein expressed in human dendritic cells and modulates DC-T Cell Interactions. Nearly all tumor cells express neuropilins and NRP-2 is predominantly expressed in neuronal tumors and melanomas. Furthermore, it is suggested that as the specific ligand for NRP-2, SEMA 3F inhibits tumor angiogenesis, and metastasis.
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TMPY-00132 | Mesothelin Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | HEK293 | ||
The megakaryocyte potentiating factor belongs to the mesothelin family. This family is comprised of several mammalian pre-pro-megakaryocyte potentiating factor precursor (MPF) or mesothelin proteins. Mesothelin is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked glycoprotein highly expressed in mesothelial cells, mesotheliomas, and ovarian cancer, but the biological function of the protein is not known. Megakaryocyte potentiating factor is highly expressed in mesotheliomas, ovarian cancers, and some squamous cell carcinomas (at protein level). It interacts with MUC16 and potentiates megakaryocyte colony formation in vitro. Megakaryocyte potentiating factor is secreted by several mesothelioma cell lines and is frequently elevated in the blood of patients with mesothelioma. Measurement of this protein may be useful in following the response of mesothelioma to treatment.Cancer ImmunotherapyImmune CheckpointImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-06986 | FGF-8b Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | E. coli | ||
In mammalian embryos, transient Fgf8 expression defines the developing isthmic region, lying between the midbrain and the first rhombomere, but there has been uncertainty about the existence of a distinct isthmic segment in postnatal mammals. Retinoic acid (RA) directly represses Fgf8 through a RARE-mediated mechanism that promotes repressive chromatin, thus providing valuable insight into the mechanism of RA-FGF antagonism during progenitor cell differentiation. Fgf8 encodes a key signaling factor, and its precise regulation is essential for embryo patterning.
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TMPY-00892 | Neuropilin-2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Neuropilin-2 (NRP-2) which is related to NRP-1, is a type I? transmembrane glycoprotein and has the structure characteristic with five main extracellular domains: two complement binding (CUB) domains, two coagulation factor V/VIII homology domains, and a MAM (meprin, tyrosine phosphatase domain) region. NRP-2 is a receptor capable of binding two disparate ligands, classⅢ semaphorins (SEMA) and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), and thus regulates two diverse systems by activating cellular signaling pathways via interacting with other cell surface receptors such as VEGF receptors and plexins. NRP-2 is well known for its role in facilitating axonal guidance during the development of the neuronal system, and additionally, it is also expressed in vascular endothelial cells and lymphatic endothelium where it affects proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, as well as the formation of small lymphatic vessels and capillaries. A recent study has identified NRP-2 as a polysialylation protein expressed in human dendritic cells and modulates DC-T Cell Interactions. Nearly all tumor cells express neuropilins and NRP-2 is predominantly expressed in neuronal tumors and melanomas. Furthermore, it is suggested that as the specific ligand for NRP-2, SEMA 3F inhibits tumor angiogenesis, and metastasis.
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TMPY-01020 | Periostin/OSF-2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Periostin ( POSTN ), also known as OSF2 (osteoblast specific factor 2), is a heterofunctional secreted extracellular matrix (ECM) protein comprised of four fasciclin domains that promotes cellular adhesion and movement, as well as collagen fibrillogenesis. Postn is expressed in unique growth centers during embryonic development where it facilitates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of select cell populations undergoing reorganization. In the adult, Postn expression is specifically induced in areas of tissue injury or areas with ongoing cellular re-organization. In the adult heart Postn is induced in the ventricles following myocardial infarction, pressure overload stimulation, or generalized cardiomyopathy. Although the detailed function of Postn is still unclear, Postn-integrin interaction is thought to be involved in tumor development. Postn is frequently overexpressed in various types of human cancers, stimulating metastatic growth by promoting cancer cell survival, invasion and angiogenesis, and can be a useful marker to predict the behavior of cancer.
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TMPY-01897 | PRSS3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Trypsin-3, also known as Trypsin III, brain trypsinogen, Serine protease 3 and PRSS3, is a secreted protein that belongs to the peptidase S1 family. Trypsin-3 / PRSS3 is expressed is in pancreas and brain. It contains one peptidase S1 domain. Trypsin-3 / PRSS3 can degrade intrapancreatic trypsin inhibitors that protect against CP. Genetic variants that cause higher mesotrypsin activity might increase the risk for chronic pancreatitis (CP). A sustained imbalance of pancreatic proteases and their inhibitors seems to be important for the development of CP. The trypsin inhibitor-degrading activity qualified PRSS3 as a candidate for a novel CP susceptibility gene. Trypsin-3 / PRSS3 has been implicated as a putative tumor suppressor gene due to its loss of expression, which is correlated with promoter hypermethylation, in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric adenocarcinoma.
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TMPY-04911 | VEGF165 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi), Biotinylated | Human,Cynomolgus | HEK293 | ||
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), also known as vascular permeability factor (VPF) and VEGF-A, is a potent mediator of both angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in the fetus and adult. It is a member of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family and often exists as a disulfide-linked homodimer. VEGF-A protein is a glycosylated mitogen that specifically acts on endothelial cells and has various effects, including mediating increased vascular permeability, inducing angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth, promoting cell migration, inhibiting apoptosis and tumor growth. VEGF-A protein is also a vasodilator that increases microvascular permeability, thus it was originally referred to as vascular permeability factor.Cancer ImmunotherapyImmune CheckpointImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-01180 | CD86 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
CD86, also known as B-lymphocyte activation antigen B7-2 (referred to as B70), is a member of the cell surface immunoglobulin superfamily. B7-2 exists predominantly as a monomer on cell surfaces and interacts with two co-stimulatory receptors CD28 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) expressed on T cells, and thus induces the signal pathways which regulate T cell activation and tolerance, cytokine production, and the generation of CTL. It is indicated that contacts between B and T helper cells mediated by CD86 encourage signals for the proliferation and IgG secretion of normal B cells and B cell lymphomas. A recent study has revealed that CD86 also promotes the generation of a mature APC repertoire and promotes APC function and survival. CD86 has an important role in chronic hemodialysis, allergic pulmonary inflammation, arthritis, and antiviral responses, and thus is regarded as a promising candidate for immune therapy.Cancer ImmunotherapyCo-inhibitory Immune Checkpoint TargetsImmune CheckpointImmune Checkpoint Detection: AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: ELISA AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: FCM AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: IP AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: WB AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint ProteinsImmune Checkpoint TargetsImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-05748 | CD45 Protein, Human, Recombinant (aa 26-577, His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
The cluster of differentiation (CD) system is commonly used as cell markers in Immunophenotyping. Different kinds of cells in the immune system can be identified through the surface CD molecules associating with the immune function of the cell. There are more than 320 CD unique clusters and subclusters have been identified. Some of the CD molecules serve as receptors or ligands important to the cell through initiating a signal cascade which then alter the behavior of the cell. Some CD proteins do not take part in cell signal process but have other functions such as cell adhesion. Protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type C (CD45), also known as PTPRC is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family which is known for its function to serve as signaling molecules and to regulate a variety of cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, mitotic cycle and oncogenic transformation. CD45 is found expression specifically in hemotopietic cells. CD45 consists of an extracellular domain, a single transmembrane segment and two tandem intracytoplasmic catalytic domains. It serves as an essential regulator of T-cell and B-cell antigen receptor signaling through either direct interaction with components of the antigen receptor complexes or by activating various Src family kinases required for the antigen receptor signaling and it also can suppress JAK kinases.
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TMPY-04142 | RANK/TNFRSF11A Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
TNFRSF11A is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. In mouse, it is also known as CD265. TNFRSF11A contains 4 TNFR-Cys repeats and is widely expressed with high levels in skeletal muscle, thymus, liver, colon, small intestine and adrenal gland. It is an essential mediator for osteoclast and lymph node development. TNFRSF11A and its ligand are important regulators of the interaction between T cells and dendritic cells. It can interact with various TRAF family proteins, through which this receptor induces the activation of NF-kappa B and MAPK8/JNK. Defects in TNFRSF11A can cause familial expansile osteolysis (FEO). FEO is a rare autosomal dominant bone disorder characterized by focal areas of increased bone remodeling. Defects in TNFRSF11A also can cause Paget disease of bone type 2 (PDB2). PDB2 is a bone-remodeling disorder with clinical similarities to FEO. Defects in TNFRSF11A are the cause of osteopetrosis autosomal recessive type 7 which characterized by abnormally dense bone, due to defective resorption of immature bone.
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TMPJ-01099 | IL-15RA Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc)(Human Cells) | Human | Human Cells | ||
Interleukin 15 Receptor alpha (IL-15Rα) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that plays a pleiotropic role in immune development and function, including the positive maintenance of lymphocyte homeostasis. IL-15Rα chain can bind soluble IL-15 and “transpresent” cytokine to the cells, allowing them to respond to IL-15. Soluble IL-15Rα can function as a specific high-affinity IL-15 antagonist. The soluble IL-15/IL-15Rα complexes exhibit a strong agonistic activity which is mediated through membrane-bound IL-15 receptor β and γ heterodimers and enables signaling to cells.
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TMPY-05191 | CD47 Protein, Human, Recombinant, Biotinylated | Human | HEK293 | ||
CD47 contains 1 Ig-like V-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain and is a receptor for the C-terminal cell binding domain of thrombospondin. It may play a role in membrane transport and signal transduction. CD47 is also a membrane protein, which is involved in the increase in intracellular calcium concentration that occurs upon cell adhesion to extracellular matrix. It is very broadly distributed on normal adult tissues, as well as ovarian tumors, being especially abundant in some epithelia and the brain. CD47 may play a role in membrane transport and/or integrin dependent signal transduction. It may prevent premature elimination of red blood cells. It also may be involved in membrane permeability changes induced following virus infection. By acting as an adhesion receptor for THBS1 on platelets, CD47 plays a role in both cell adhesion and in the modulation of integrins. It also plays an important role in memory formation and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus.Cancer ImmunotherapyCo-inhibitory Immune Checkpoint TargetsImmune CheckpointImmune Checkpoint Detection: AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: ELISA AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: WB AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint TargetsImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-04683 | CD47 Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | HEK293 | ||
CD47 contains 1 Ig-like V-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain and is a receptor for the C-terminal cell binding domain of thrombospondin. It may play a role in membrane transport and signal transduction. CD47 is also a membrane protein, which is involved in the increase in intracellular calcium concentration that occurs upon cell adhesion to extracellular matrix. It is very broadly distributed on normal adult tissues, as well as ovarian tumors, being especially abundant in some epithelia and the brain. CD47 may play a role in membrane transport and/or integrin dependent signal transduction. It may prevent premature elimination of red blood cells. It also may be involved in membrane permeability changes induced following virus infection. By acting as an adhesion receptor for THBS1 on platelets, CD47 plays a role in both cell adhesion and in the modulation of integrins. It also plays an important role in memory formation and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus.Cancer ImmunotherapyCo-inhibitory Immune Checkpoint TargetsImmune CheckpointImmune Checkpoint Detection: AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: ELISA AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: WB AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint TargetsImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-00072 | GITR/TNFRSF18 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
GITR, also known as TNFRSF18(CD357), belongs to the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R) superfamily. It is the receptor for TNFSF18. GITR plays a key role in dominant immunological self-tolerance maintained by CD25(+)CD4(+) regulatory T cells. GITR may be involved in interactions between activated T-lymphocytes and endothelial cells and in the regulation of T-cell receptor-mediated cell death. GITR and its ligand are important costimulatory molecules in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. It also mediates NF-kappa-B activation via the TRAF2/NIK pathway.Cancer ImmunotherapyCo-stimulatory Immune Checkpoint TargetsImmune CheckpointImmune Checkpoint Detection: ELISA AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint TargetsImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-04298 | CDCP1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
CDCP1 contains three extracellular CUB domains. It is a putative stem cell marker that is highly expressed in some human cancer cells and both, typical and atypical (cancerous) colons. It interacts with CDH2/N-cadherin, CDH3/P-cadherin, SDC1/syndecan-1, SDC4/syndecan-4 and the serine protease ST14/MT-SP1. It also interacts with SRC and PRKCG/protein kinase C gamma. CDCP1 is taken as a key regulator of EGF/EGFR-induced cell migration. It has been shown that signaling via EGF/EGFR induces migration of ovarian cancer Caov3 and OVCA420 cells with concomitant up-regulation of CDCP1 mRNA and protein. Consistent with a role in cell migration CDCP1 relocates from cell-cell junctions to punctate structures on filopodia after activation of EGFR. It may be involved in cell adhesion and cell matrix association. It also may play a role in the regulation of anchorage versus migration or proliferation versus differentiation via its phosphorylation. It has been taken as a novel marker for leukemia diagnosis and immature hematopoietic stem cell subsets.
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TMPY-00480 | NCAM1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
NCAM1 (Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule 1, also known as CD56) is a Protein Coding gene. 3 alternatively spliced human isoforms have been reported. NCAM1 is a neural adhesion protein (NCAM) that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The encoded protein is involved in cell-to-cell interactions as well as cell-matrix interactions during development and differentiation. NCAM1 is involved in neuron-neuron adhesion, neurite fasciculation, the outgrowth of neurites, etc. It has also been shown to be involved in the expansion of T cells and dendritic cells which play an important role in immune surveillance. Diseases associated with NCAM1 include Rabies and Bile Duct Cancer. Among its related pathways are Neuroscience and RET signaling.
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TMPY-00357 | HNT/NTM Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
NTM (Neurotrimin) is a Protein Coding gene. 4 alternatively spliced human isoforms have been reported. This gene encodes a member of the IgLON (LAMP, OBCAM, Ntm) family of immunoglobulin (Ig) domain-containing glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell adhesion molecules. IgLONs have been associated with psychiatric disorders, intelligence, body weight, heart disease, and tumors. The encoded protein may promote neurite outgrowth and adhesion via a homophilic mechanism. Neurotrimin is a member of the family of neural cell adhesion molecules. Its expression pattern suggests that Ntm promotes axonal fasciculation, guides nerve fibers to specific targets and stabilizes synapses as it accumulates coincident with synaptogenesis. Diseases associated with NTM include Connective Tissue Disease and Jacobsen Syndrome.
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TMPY-04451 | AMPK (G1/B1/A1) Heterotrimer Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & GST) | Human | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
AMPK (G1/B1/A1) Heterotrimer Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & GST) is expressed in Baculovirus-Insect Cells
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TMPY-03878 | Integrin alpha V beta 6 Protein, Human, Recombinant (Flag & His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Integrin alpha-5, also known as ITGA5, is a single-pass type I membrane protein which belongs to the integrin alpha chain family. ITGA5 contains 7 FG-GAP repeats. Alpha chain 5 undergoes post-translational cleavage in the extracellular domain to yield disulfide-linked light and heavy chains that join with beta 1 to form a fibronectin receptor. ITGAV&ITGB6 is a receptor for fibronectin and cytotactin. It recognizes the sequence R-G-D in its ligands. Internalisation of ITGAV&ITGB6 via clathrin-mediated endocytosis promotes carcinoma cell invasion.
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TMPY-02501 | CD3D & CD3E Heterodimer Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | HEK293 | ||
CD3D & CD3E Heterodimer Protein, Human, Recombinant is expressed in HEK293 cells.
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TMPY-01247 | FLT3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (T227M, His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
The cluster of differentiation (CD) system is commonly used as cell markers in Immunophenotyping. Different kinds of cells in the immune system can be identified through the surface CD molecules which associating with the immune function of the cell. There are more than 320 CD unique clusters and subclusters have been identified. Some of the CD molecules serve as receptors or ligands important to the cell through initiating a signal cascade which then alter the behavior of the cell. Some CD proteins do not take part in cell signal process but have other functions such as cell adhesion. CD135, also known as FLT-3, FLK-2, is a member of the CD system. CD135 is an important cell surface marker recognized by specific sets of antibodies to identify the types of hematopoietic (blood) progenitors in the bone marrow and it function to differentiate hematopoietic stem cells, which are CD135 negative, from multipotent progenitors, which are CD135 positive. CD135 is a receptor tyrosine kinase typeⅢ for the cytokine Flt3 ligand and activat signaling through second messengers by binding to Flt3. Signaling through CD135 is important for lymphocyte development. The encoding gene CD135 is a proto-oncogene to which mutations happened will lead to cancer such as leukemia.Cancer ImmunotherapyImmune CheckpointImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-01281 | ACVR2B Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) | Mouse | HEK293 | ||
ACVR2A and ACVR2B are two activin type II receptors. ACVR2B is integral to the activin and myostatin signaling pathway. Ligands such as activin and myostatin bind to ACVR2A and ACVR2B. Myostatin, a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth, is regarded as a potential therapeutic target and binds to ACVR2B effectively, and to a lesser extent, to ACVR2A. The structure of human ACVR2B kinase domain in complex with adenine establishes the conserved bilobal architecture consistent with all other catalytic kinase domains. Haplotype structure at the ACVR2B and follistatin loci may contribute to interindividual variation in skeletal muscle mass and strength. Defects in ACVR2B are a cause of left-right axis malformations.
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TMPY-03967 | BTN3A3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
The three butyrophilin BTN3A molecules, BTN3A1, BTN3A2, and BTN3A3, are members of the B7/butyrophilin-like group of Ig superfamily receptors, which modulate the function of T cells. The butyrophilin 3 (BTN3) receptors are implicated in the T lymphocytes regulation and present a wide plasticity in mammals. A thorough phylogenetic analysis reveals a concerted evolution of BTN3 characterized by a strong and recurrent homogenization of the region encoding the signal peptide and the immunoglobulin variable (IgV) domain in Hominoids, where the sequences of BTN3A1 or BTN3A3 are replaced by BTN3A2 sequence.
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TMPY-01185 | DR5/TRAIL R2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10b, official symbol TNFRSF10B, also known as Death receptor 5, CD262, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2 (TRAIL R2), is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily, and contains an intracellular death domain. This receptor can be activated by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TNFSF10/TRAIL/APO-2L), and transduces an apoptosis signal. Studies with FADD-deficient mice suggested that FADD, a death domain containing adaptor protein, is required for the apoptosis mediated by this protein. TRAIL R2/CD262/TNFRSF10B was purified independently as the only receptor for TRAIL detectable on the surface of two different human cell lines that undergo apoptosis upon stimulation with TRAIL. TRAIL R2/CD262/TNFRSF10B contains two extracellular cysteine-rich repeats, typical for TNF receptor (TNFR) family members, and a cytoplasmic death domain. TRAIL R2/CD262/TNFRSF10B mediates apoptosis via the intracellular adaptor molecule FADD/MORT1. TRAIL receptors can signal both death and gene transcription, functions reminiscent of those of TNFR1 and TRAMP, two other members of the death receptor family. Defects in TRAIL R2/CD262/TNFRSF10B may be a cause of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) also known as squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.Cancer ImmunotherapyImmune CheckpointImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-01851 | CD73 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
5'-nucleotidase, also known as NT5E, NTE, and CD73, is a cell membrane protein that belongs to the 5'-nucleotidase family. CD73 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored purine salvage enzyme expressed on the surface of human T and B lymphocytes. CD73 catalyzes the conversion of purine and pyrimidine ribo- and deoxyribonucleoside monophosphates to the corresponding nucleosides. CD73 serves as a costimulatory molecule in activating T cells. CD73 generated adenosine functions in cell signaling in many physiologic systems, including intestinal epithelium, ischemic myocardium, and cholinergic synapses. CD73 might mediate lymphocyte-stromal cell interactions or condition the local microenvironment to facilitate lymphocyte development and/or function. In CD73-depleted cells, surface levels of the leukocyte adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin increase. CD73 produces extracellular adenosine, which then acts on G protein-coupled purinergic receptors to induce cellular responses. CD73 has also been reported to regulate the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules in mouse endothelium.
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TMPY-02030 | CD82 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
CD82, also known as KAI-1, structurally belongs to tetraspanin family while categorised as metastasis suppressor gene on functional grounds. KAI1/CD82 is localized on cell membrane and form interactions with other tetraspanins, integrins and chemokines which are respectively responsible for cell migration, adhesion and signalling. Downregulation of CD82 expression is associated with the advanced stages of many human cancers and correlates with the acquisition of metastatic potential. Recent studies suggest that complex mechanisms underlie CD82 loss of function, including altered transcriptional regulation, splice variant production and post-translational protein modifications, and indicate a central role for CD82 in controlling metastasis as a 'molecular facilitator'. The loss of KAI1/CD82 expression in invasive and metastatic cancers is due to a complex, epigenetic mechanism that probably involves transcription factors such as NFkappaB, p53, and beta-catenin. A loss of KAI1 expression is also associated with the advanced stages of many human malignancies and results in the acquisition of invasive and metastatic capabilities by tumour cells. Thus, KAI1/CD82 is regarded as a wide-spectrum tumor metastasis suppressor.
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TMPY-04348 | CTLA-4 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4, also known as CTLA4 and CD152, is a single-pass type I membrane protein and a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is the second member of the CD28 receptor family. The ligands or counterreceptors for these two proteins are the B7 family members, CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2). CTLA4 transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells, whereas CD28 transmits a stimulatory signal. Intracellular CTLA4 is also found in regulatory T cells and may play an important role in their functions. CD152 or cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is an essential receptor involved in the negative regulation of T cell activation. Because of its profound inhibitory role, CD152 has been considered a sound susceptible candidate in autoimmunity and a persuasive target for cancer immunotherapy. In particular, recent evidence suggests that CD152 is also important in the homeostasis and function of a population of suppressive cells, termed regulatory T cells (Treg).Cancer ImmunotherapyCo-inhibitory Immune Checkpoint TargetsCTLA4 / CD152 Immune Checkpoint ProteinsImmune CheckpointImmune Checkpoint Detection: AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: ELISA AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: IP AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: WB AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint ProteinsImmune Checkpoint TargetsImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-02813 | ErbB4 Protein, Human, Rhesus, Recombinant (His) | Human,Rhesus | HEK293 | ||
ERBB4 is a single-pass type I membrane protein with multiple cysteine rich domains, a transmembrane domain, a tyrosine kinase domain, a phosphotidylinositol-3 kinase binding site and a PDZ domain binding motif. ERBB4 is expressed at highest levels in brain, heart, kidney, in addition to skeletal muscle, parathyroid, cerebellum, pituitary, spleen, testis and breast. And lower levels in thymus, lung, salivary gland, and pancreas. It specifically binds to and is activated by neuregulins, NRG-2, NRG-3, heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor, betacellulin and NTAK. ERBB4 also can be activated by other factors and induces a variety of cellular responses including mitogenesis and differentiation. ERBB4 regulates development of the heart, the central nervous system and the mammary gland, gene transcription, cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis. It is required for normal cardiac muscle differentiation during embryonic development, and for postnatal cardiomyocyte proliferation. ERBB4 also play a role on the normal development of the embryonic central nervous system, especially for normal neural crest cell migration and normal axon guidance. It is required for mammary gland differentiation, induction of milk proteins and lactation.Cancer ImmunotherapyImmune CheckpointImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-00853 | IL-1RA Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | E. coli | ||
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) also known as IL1RN is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. This protein inhibits the activities of interleukin 1, alpha (IL1A), and interleukin 1, beta (IL1B), and modulates a variety of interleukin 1 related immune and inflammatory responses. A polymorphism of this protein-encoding gene is reported to be associated with an increased risk of osteoporotic fractures and gastric cancer. IL-1RA/IL1RN may inhibit the activity of IL-1 by binding to its receptor and it has no IL-1 like activity. Genetic variation in IL-1RA/IL1RN is associated with susceptibility to microvascular complications of diabetes type 4 (MVCD4). These are pathological conditions that develop in numerous tissues and organs as a consequence of diabetes mellitus. They include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy leading to end-stage renal disease, and diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic retinopathy remains the major cause of new-onset blindness among diabetic adults. It is characterized by vascular permeability and increased tissue ischemia and angiogenesis. Defects in IL-1RA/IL1RN are the cause of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist deficiency (DIRA) which is also known as deficiency of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist. Autoinflammatory diseases manifest inflammation without evidence of infection, high-titer autoantibodies, or autoreactive T-cells. DIRA is a rare, autosomal recessive, genetic autoinflammatory disease that results in sterile multifocal osteomyelitis, and pustulosis from birth.
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TMPY-01949 | CD19 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
The cluster of differentiation (CD) system is commonly used as cell markers in Immunophenotyping. Different kinds of cells in the immune system can be identified through the surface CD molecules associating with the immune function of the cell. There are more than 320 CD unique clusters and subclusters have been identified. Some of the CD molecules serve as receptors or ligands important to the cell through initiating a signal cascade which then alter the behavior of the cell. Some CD proteins do not take part in cell signal process but have other functions such as cell adhesion. Cluster of differentiation 19 (CD19) is a member of CD system. CD19 is a cell surface molecule that assembles with the antigen receptor of B-cells. This results in a descent in the threshold for antigen receptor-dependent stimulation. A simplified view holds that the ability of B-cells to respond to the various antigens in a specific and sensitive manner is achieved in the presence of low-affinity antigen receptors. CD19 primarily acts as a B-cell co-receptor in conjunction with CD21 and CD81. The formation of the receptor complex is induced by antigen and CD19, induced by exogenous antigen, has been found cytoplasmic tail phosphorylated and bind to sIg.Cancer ImmunotherapyImmune CheckpointImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-01744 | ACVR2A Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
ACVR2A and ACVR2B are two activin type II receptors. ACVR2A has been shown to interact with INHBA, SYNJ2BP and ACVR1B. The bovine ACVR2A gene encodes a protein of 513 amino acids which is highly homologous (approximately 98% identity) to the rat, mouse, and human ACVR2A proteins. Inactivation of ACVR2A is a common event in prostate cancer cells suggesting it may play an important role in the development of prostate cancer. The ACVR2A gene is a putative tumor suppressor gene that is frequently mutated in microsatellite-unstable colon cancers (MSI-H colon cancers). Frameshift mutation of ACVR2A may contribute to MSI-H colon tumorigenesis via disruption of alternate TGF-beta effector pathways.
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TMPY-01850 | CEACAM3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
CeACAM3 (CD66d), a member of carcinoembryonic antigen family, is a granulocyte-specific receptor involved in the opsonin-independent recognition of several bacterial pathogens. There are four members in this family: CD66a, CD66b, CD66c, and CD66d. Members of CEACAM family are widely expressed especially on human neutrophils, and, depending on the tissue, capable of regulating diverse functions including tumor promotion, tumor suppression, angiogenesis, and neutrophil activation. Abnormal overexpression and downregulation of some CEACAMs have been described in tumor cells. Monoclonal antibodies grouped in the CD66 cluster recognize CEACAM members. Ectopic CD66 expression is commonly detected in B-cell lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). CEACAM3 mediates phagocytosis depends on the integrity of an ITAM-like sequence within the cytoplasmic domain of CEACAM3. CEACAM3 is characterized by rapid stimulation of the GTPase Rac.
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TMPY-03407 | NQO1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
NQO1 gene is a member of the NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) family and encodes a cytoplasmic 2-electron reductase. NQO1 forms homodimers and reduces quinones to hydroquinones. NQO1's enzymatic activity prevents the one-electron reduction of quinones that results in the production of radical species. Mutations in the NQO1 gene have been associated with tardive dyskinesia (TD), an increased risk of hematotoxicity after exposure to benzene, and susceptibility to various forms of cancer. Altered expression of NQO1 has been seen in many tumors and is also associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. Recent pharmacological research suggests the feasibility of genotype-directed redox chemotherapeutic intervention targeting NQO1 breast cancer, a common missense genotype encoding a functionally impaired NQO1 protein.
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TMPY-04970 | TIGIT Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
TIGIT, also known as V-set and transmembrane domain-containing protein 3 (VSTM3) or V-set and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein 9 (VSIG9) is a new surface protein containing an immunoglobulin variable domain, a transmembrane domain and an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM). TIGIT is expressed on regulatory, memory, activated T cells and NK cells. It binds PVR with high affinity, and PVRL2 with lower affinity, but not PVRL3. Knockdown of TIGIT with siRNA in human memory T cells did not affect T cell responses, however, TIGIT inhibits NK cytotoxicity directly through its ITIM. TIGIT suppresses T cell activation by promoting the generation of mature immunoregulatory dendritic cells. The binding of PVR to TIGIT on human dendritic cells enhanced the production of IL-1 and diminished the production of IL-12p4. Also, TIGIT counter inhibits the NK-mediated killing of tumor cells and protects normal cells from NK-mediated cytotoxicity thus providing an "alternative self" mechanism for MHC class I inhibition.Cancer ImmunotherapyCo-inhibitory Immune Checkpoint TargetsImmune CheckpointImmune Checkpoint TargetsImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-01827 | CD30/TNFRSF8 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
CD30, also known as TNFRSF8, is a cell membrane protein of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. CD30 protein is expressed by activated, but not resting, T and B cells. CD30 can regulate proliferation of lymphocytes and may also play an important role in human immunodeficiency virus replication. As a regulator of apoptosis, CD30 protein induces cell death or proliferation, depending on the cell type, and has been shown to limit the proliferative potential of autoreactive CD8 effector T cells and protect the body against autoimmunity. CD30 protein expression is upregulated in various hematological malignancies, including Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's disease (HD), anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and subsets of Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs), and CD30 is also linked to leukocytes in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases, including lupus erythematosus, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis and atopic dermatitis (AD).Cancer ImmunotherapyImmune CheckpointImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-02033 | CD44 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
CD44 is a type I transmembrane protein and a member of the cartilage link protein family. It is involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and signal transduction. Several CD44 ligands have been identified. The most extensively characterized ligand for CD44 is hyaluronan, a component of the extracellular matrix. CD44 protein is expressed on the majority of immune cells. The binding of CD44 to hyaluronan is induced on T lymphocytes after activation by antigen and on monocytes after stimulation by inflammatory agents. Under inflammatory conditions, CD44 on endothelial cells presents hyaluronan to CD44 on activated T lymphocytes and mediates a rolling interaction under flow conditions. Perturbations of the hyaluronan-CD44 interaction at the plasma membrane by various antagonists result in attenuation of receptor tyrosine kinase and transporter activities and inhibition of tumor progression in vivo. CD44 is known to interact with the ezrin family (ERM family) members and form a complex that plays diverse roles within both normal and abnormal cells, particularly cancer cells. CD44 and ezrin and their respective complex have properties suggesting that they may be important in the process of tumour-endothelium interactions, cell migrations, cell adhesion, tumour progression and metastasis.
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TMPY-01938 | CD98 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain, also known as 4F2 heavy chain antigen, Lymphocyte activation antigen 4F2 large subunit, CD98, SLC3A2 and MDU1, is a single-pass type I I membrane protein that belongs to the SLC3A transporter family. SLC3A2 / MDU1 is expressed ubiquitously in all tissues tested with highest levels detected in kidney, placenta and testis and weakest level in thymus. During gestation, expression in the placenta is significantly stronger at full-term than at the mid-trimester stage. SLC3A2 / MDU1 is expressed in HUVECS and at low levels in resting peripheral blood T-lymphocytes and quiescent fibroblasts. It is expressed in fetal liver and in the astrocytic process of primary astrocytic gliomas. SLC3A2 / MDU1 is also expressed in retinal endothelial cells and in the intestinal epithelial cell line Caco2-BBE. SLC3A2 / MDU1 is required for the function of light chain amino-acid transporters. It is involved in sodium-independent, high-affinity transport of large neutral amino acids such as phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, arginine and tryptophan. SLC3A2 / MDU1 is involved in guiding and targeting of LAT1 and LAT2 to the plasma membrane. When associated with SLC7A6 or SLC7A7, SLC3A2 / MDU1 acts as an arginine/glutamine exchanger, following an antiport mechanism for amino acid transport, influencing arginine release in exchange for extracellular amino acids. SLC3A2 / MDU1 plays a role in nitric oxide synthesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) via transport of L-arginine. It is required for normal and neoplastic cell growth. When associated with SLC7A5/LAT1, SLC3A2 / MDU1 is also involved in the transport of L-DOPA across the blood-brain barrier, and that of thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) across the cell membrane in tissues such as placenta.
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TMPY-01883 | EPOR Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Erythropoietin (EPO) is the major glycoprotein hormone regulator of mammalian erythropoiesis, and is produced by kidney and liver in an oxygen-dependent manner. The biological effects of EPO are mediated by the specific erythropoietin receptor (EPOR/EPO Receptor) on bone marrow erythroblasts, which transmits signals important for both proliferation and differentiation along the erythroid lineage. EPOR protein is a type â… single-transmembrane cytokine receptor, and belongs to the homodimerizing subclass which functions as ligand-induced or ligand-stabilized homodimers. EPOR signaling prevents neuronal death and ischemic injury. Recent studies have shown that EPO and EPOR protein may be involved in carcinogenesis, angiogenesis, and invasion.
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TMPY-01146 | Insulin Receptor Protein, Human, Recombinant (long isoform, His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
INSR (Insulin receptor), also known as CD22, is a transmembrane receptor that is activated by insulin. INSR belongs to the protein kinase superfamily and exists as a tetramer consisting of two alpha subunits and two beta subunits linked by disulfide bonds. The alpha and beta subunits are encoded by a single INSR gene, and the beta subunits pass through the cellular membrane. As the receptor for insulin with tyrosine-protein kinase activity, INSR associates with downstream mediators upon binding to insulin, including IRS1 (insulin receptor substrate 1) and phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K). IRS-1 binding and phosphorylation eventually lead to an increase in the high-affinity glucose transporter (Glut4) molecules on the outer membrane of insulin-responsive tissues. INSR isoform long and isoform short are expressed in the peripheral nerve, kidney, liver, striated muscle, fibroblasts and skin, and is found as a hybrid receptor with IGF1R which also binds IGF1 in muscle, heart, kidney, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, hepatoma, fibroblasts, spleen, and placenta. Defects in Insulin Receptor/INSR are the cause of Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome (Mendenhall syndrome), insulin resistance (Ins resistance), leprechaunism (Donohue syndrome), and familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia 5 (HHF5). It may also be associated with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).
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TMPY-01137 | HER2/ERBB2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (aa 1-652, His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), also known as ErbB2, NEU, and CD340, is a type I membrane glycoprotein and belongs to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor family. HER2 protein cannot bind growth factors due to the lacking of ligand binding domain of its own and autoinhibited constitutively. However, HER2 forms a heterodimer with other ligand-bound EGF receptor family members, therefore stabilizes ligand binding and enhances kinase-mediated activation of downstream molecules. HER2 plays a key role in development, cell proliferation and differentiation. HER2 gene has been reported to associate with malignancy and a poor prognosis in numerous carcinomas, including breast, prostate, ovarian, lung cancers and so on.Cancer ImmunotherapyImmune CheckpointImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-01894 | SIGIRR Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Single Ig IL-1-related receptor (SIGIRR) or TIR8 is a member of Toll-like receptor-interleukin 1 receptor signaling (TLR-IL-1R) receptor superfamily. Although SIGIRR/TIR8 shows the typical conserved motifs that characterize the IL-1R and Toll superfamily, it is structurally and functionally distinct from both. SIGIRR/TIR8 has only one Ig domain in its extracellular portion whereas the IL-1R family contains three Ig folds. An unusually long cytoplasmic domain is reminiscent of the structure of drosophila Toll, yet the SIGIRR peptide sequence is more closely related to IL-1RI. SIGIRR/TIR8 was mainly expressed in mouse and human epithelial tissues such as kidney, lung and gut. Resting and activated T and B lymphocytes and monocytes-macrophages expressed little or no SIGIRR/TIR8, with the exception of the mouse GG2EE macrophage line. Inflammation is enhanced in SIGIRR-deficient mice. SIGIRR negatively modulates immune responses. Inflammation is enhanced in SIGIRR-deficient mice, as shown by their enhanced chemokine induction after IL-1 injection and reduced threshold for lethal endotoxin challenge.
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TMPY-05220 | TSLP Protein, Human, Recombinant (R127A & R130S, His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an interleukin 7 (IL-7)-like cytokine originally characterized by its ability to promote the activation of B cells and dendritic cells (DCs). Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a cytokine expressed by epithelial cells, including keratinocytes, and is important in allergic inflammation. Subsequent studies have shown that TSLP promotes T helper type 2 (TH2) cell responses associated with immunity to some helminth parasites and the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases, including atopic dermatitis and asthma. TSLP can promote TH2 cytokine-associated inflammation by directly promoting the effector functions of CD4+TH2 cells, basophils and other granulocyte populations while simultaneously limiting the expression of DC-derived proinflammatory cytokines and promoting regulatory T cell responses in peripheral tissues.
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TMPY-06418 | R-Spondin 2/RSPO2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
R-spondin-2, also known as RSPO2, synergizes with Wnt to activate beta-catenin. RSPO2 is secreted proteins that regulate beta-catenin signaling. Activator of the beta-catenin signaling cascade leads to TCF-dependent gene activation. Action both in the canonical Wnt / beta- catenin-dependent pathway, possibly via a direct interaction with Wnt proteins, and in a Wnt-independent beta catenin pathway through a receptor signaling pathway that may not use frizzled / LRP receptors. Probably also acts as a ligand for frizzled and LRP receptors. The encoding gene Rspo2 was identified as a novel common integration site for the mouse mammary tumor virus in viral induced mouse mammary tumors. Rspo2 and Rspo2 / Wnt1 tumors contained many spindle cells, consistent with an epithelial-mesenchymal transformation phenotype. When Rspo2 and Rspo2 / Wnt1 tumor cells were transferred into naive mice, they exhibited greater metastatic activity than cells derived from Wnt1 tumors.
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TMPY-04826 | LILRB5/CD85c Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
A genetic variant in LILRB5 (leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily-B) (rs12975366: T > C: Asp247Gly) has been reported to be associated with lower creatine phosphokinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Both biomarkers are released from injured muscle tissue, making this variant a potential candidate for susceptibility to muscle-related symptoms.
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TMPY-04333 | LRRC15 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
LRRC15 (Leucine-Rich Repeat Containing 15) is a Protein Coding gene. 2 alternatively spliced human isoforms have been reported. The tumor antigen 15-leucine-rich repeat-containing membrane protein (LRRC15) is a transmembrane protein demonstrated to play important roles in cancer. LRRC15 is highly expressed in multiple solid tumor indications with limited normal tissue expression. It was expressed on stromal fibroblasts in many solid tumors (e.g., breast, head, and neck, lung, pancreatic) as well as directly on a subset of cancer cells of mesenchymal origin (e.g., sarcoma, melanoma, glioblastoma). The tumor antigen LRRC15, which is frequently overexpressed in multiple tumor types, as a repressor of cell death due to adenoviral p53.
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TMPY-04346 | PD-L2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Programmed death ligand 2 (PD-L2), also referred to as B7-DC and CD273, is a member of the B7 family of proteins including B7-1, B7-2, B7-H2, B7-H1 (PD-L1), and B7-H3. PD-L2 is a type I membrane protein and structurally consists of an extracellular region containing one V-like and one C-like Ig domain, a transmembrane region, and a short cytoplasmic domain. PD-L2 is expressed on antigen presenting cells, placental endothelium and medullary thymic epithelial cells, and can be induced by LPS in B cells, INF-γ in monocytes, or LPS plus IFN-γ in dendritic cells. The CD28 and B7 protein families are critical regulators of immune responses. PD-L2 and PD-L1 are two ligands for PD-1, member of the CD28/CTLA4 family expressed on activated lymphoid cells, and thus provide signals for regulating T cell activation and immune tolerance. The interaction of B7-DC/PD-1 exhibited a 2-6-fold higher affinity compared with the interaction of B7-H1/PD-1.Cancer ImmunotherapyCo-inhibitory Immune Checkpoint TargetsImmune CheckpointImmune Checkpoint Detection: AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: ELISA AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: FCM AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: WB AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint ProteinsImmune Checkpoint TargetsImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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