目录号 | 产品详情 | 靶点 | |
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T78224 | |||
Histatin-3是一肽类物质,由32个氨基酸残基构成,表现出显著的抗菌活性。作为前蛋白转化酶1(PC1)的底物,Histatin-3在Arg25位点的羧基端被该蛋白酶特异性切割(HRGYR降低SN)。此外,Histatin-3亦作为中等效力的、可逆的以及具竞争性的抑制剂,能够抑制弗林蛋白酶介导的五肽pGlu-Arg-Thr-Lys-Arg-MCA荧光底物的裂解,其抑制常数Ki大约为1.98μM。 | |||
T36367 | |||
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) remove phosphate from tyrosine residues of cellular proteins. Reversible phosphorylation catalyzed by the coordinated actions of protein tyrosine kinases and phosphatases is key to the regulation of the signaling events that control cell growth and proliferation, differentiation, and survival or apoptosis, as well as adhesion and motility. RK-682, a bioactive compound originally isolated from the fermentation of Streptomyces sp. 88-682, is an inhibitor of the PTPs. It inhibits the phosphorylation of CD45 and VHR with IC50 values of 54 and 2 μM, respectively, and arrests cell cycle progress at the G1/S transition. It is also reported to inhibit heparanase (IC50 = 17 μM), an endo-β-D-glucuronidase involved in tumor cell invasion and angiogenesis. RK-682 (calcium salt) is a less soluble version of the free acid. | |||
T76122 | |||
Phosphoglycerate kinase(PGK),即磷酸甘油酸激酶,是一种糖酵解酶,常用于生化研究。Phosphoglycerate kinase 可以催化磷酸基团从1,3-二磷酸甘油酸(1,3-BPG)到ADP 的可逆转移,从而产生 3-磷酸甘油酸(3-PG) 和 ATP。同时也可以参与糖异生,催化相反的反应产生 1,3BPGA 和ADP。Phosphoglycerate kinase 参与了能量代谢、与核酸的相互作用、肿瘤发生进展、细胞死亡和病毒复制等相关过程。 | |||
T73230 | |||
UT-B-IN-1 (UTBINH-14),一种对UT-B(尿素转运蛋白B)显示出可逆、竞争性及选择性抑制作用的化合物,其对人和小鼠的UT-B的IC50值分别为10和25 nM。相较于UT-A亚型,此化合物具有低毒性和更高的选择性。在小鼠模型中,UT-B-IN-1能增加排尿量并降低尿液渗透性,适用于探究利尿机制的研究。 | |||
T37331 | |||
The group IVA phospholipase A2 (PLA2), known as calcium-dependent cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2), selectively releases arachidonic acid (AA) from membrane phospholipids, playing a central role in initiating the synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs) and leukotrienes (LTs). Pyrrophenone inhibits cPLA2α with an IC50 of 4.2 nM in enzyme assays and potently blocks the release of AA and the production of PGE2 and LTC4 in cells (IC50 = 24, 25, and 14 nM, respectively). Its action is reversible and selective, as pyrrophenone inhibits the secretory type IB and IIA PLA2s with more than a hundred-fold less potency. Pyrrophenone has also been shown to inhibit calcium ionophore (A23187)-stimulated AA release from monocytic cells, interleukin-1-induced PGE2 synthesis in mesangial cells, and the production of PGE2, LTs, and platelet-activating factor by human neutrophils, always with maximal inhibition at concentrations below 1 μM. | |||
T83951 | |||
TM2 TEAD抑制剂是一种有效并且可逆的TEA领域转录因子抑制剂(IC50为TEAD4自动棕榈酰化和TEAD2棕榈酰化分别为38 nM和156 nM)。它抑制TEAD-YAP的结合和转录活性。TM2 TEAD抑制剂在YAP依赖型癌症细胞中,无论是单独使用还是与MEK抑制剂联合使用,都显示出强大的抗增殖效果。同时抑制体外YAP依赖的肝脏类器官生长。 | |||
T75242 | |||
Bivalirudin TFA 是20个氨基多肽,可逆地抑制凝血酶。 | |||
T83714 | |||
Lupus autoantigen peptide (LAP) 是源自La的一种抗病毒肽,La是系统性红斑狼疮 (SLE) 患者中发现的一种自身抗原,对应于La的11-28氨基酸。它抑制了丙型肝炎病毒 (HCV) 5’-UTR与内部核糖体进入位点 (IRES) 跨作用因子 (ITAFs),包括多嘧啶片段结合蛋白 (PTB) 和多聚(rC)-结合蛋白2 (PCBP2) 之间的相互作用。LAP (60 µM) 在使用Huh7细胞的报告者测定中抑制了HCV IRES介导的翻译,这一效应可以通过重组的PTB和PCBP2来逆转。 | |||
T83848 | |||
VnP-16是一种合成肽段,对应vitronectin的氨基酸270-281,vitronectin是一种具有细胞附着、迁移和扩散等多功能作用的糖蛋白。该肽段在9.1 µg/cm2浓度下应用于细胞板时,能促进人类成骨细胞的附着和扩散,此效应可通过β1整合素的siRNA敲除被逆转。VnP-16诱导人类皮肤来源的间充质前体细胞和MC3T3-E1小鼠颅骨成骨前体细胞的成骨作用。在体内,VnP-16减少IL-1α诱导的骨质流失并减少小鼠颅骨中破骨细胞的数量。它还在卵巢切除引起的骨质疏失小鼠模型中增加骨矿物质密度并减少松质骨流失。 | |||
T83662 | |||
2,3-dinor-8-iso Prostaglandin F1α(2,3-dinor-8-iso PGF1α)是一种异前列腺素和花生四烯酸的活性代谢物,也是血小板聚集抑制剂8-iso PGF2α的产物。它通过花生四烯酸的非酶促自由基过氧化作用形成。2,3-dinor-8-iso PGF1α在孤立的猪视网膜和大脑微血管中引起血管收缩(EC50s分别为12.8和18.5 nM),但在31 µM的浓度下使用时不会引起孤立的大鼠主动脉环的收缩。在1 µM的浓度下使用时,它能增加孤立的猪大脑切片中的血栓素B2(TXB2)水平,这一效应可以通过血栓素A合成酶抑制剂CGS 12970、电压门控钙通道抑制剂SKF 96365或烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR)拮抗剂α-conotoxin来逆转。 |
目录号 | 产品名/同用名 | 种属 | 表达系统 | ||
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TMPY-02279 | Nucleoside phosphorylase/PNP Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) is a purine-metabolizing enzyme that catalyzes the reversible phosphorolysis of 6-oxypurine (deoxy)nucleosides to their respective bases and (deoxy)ribose-1-phosphate. It is a key enzyme in the purine salvage pathway of mammalian cells. Purine nucleoside phosphorylase is a transferase that catalyzes the addition of phosphate and removal of a purine base from guanosine and similar nucleosides.PNP defects result in metabolic abnormalities and fatal T cell immunodeficiency. Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) is a target for leukemia, gout, and autoimmune disorders.
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TMPH-01038 | CA5A Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | HEK293 Cells | ||
Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Low activity. CA5A Protein, Human, Recombinant is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells. The predicted molecular weight is 30.6 kDa and the accession number is P35218.
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TMPH-00515 | PPDK Protein, Entamoeba histolytica, Recombinant (His & SUMO) | Entamoeba histolytica | E. coli | ||
Catalyzes the reversible phosphorylation of pyruvate and phosphate. In E.histolytica and C.symbiosus, PPDK functions in the direction of ATP synthesis.
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TMPJ-00826 | TXN Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Thioredoxin (TXN) is a member of the Thioredoxin family. Thioredoxin exists as a disulfide-linked homodimer and contains one Thioredoxin domain. Thioredoxin is up-regulated by ionizing radiation. Thioredoxin participates in various redox reactions through the reversible oxidation of its active center dithiol to a disulfide and catalyzes dithiol-disulfide exchange reactions. Thioredoxin also plays a role in the reversible S-nitrosylation of cysteine residues in target proteins, and thereby contributes to the response to intracellular nitric oxide.
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TMPH-03258 | Carbonic Anhydrase 1 Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His & SUMO) | Rat | E. coli | ||
Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Carbonic Anhydrase 1 Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 44.2 kDa and the accession number is B0BNN3.
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TMPH-01085 | CHAT Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Catalyzes the reversible synthesis of acetylcholine (ACh) from acetyl CoA and choline at cholinergic synapses. CHAT Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 72.7 kDa and the accession number is P28329.
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TMPH-00312 | Malate dehydrogenase Protein, Brucella abortus, Recombinant (His & Myc & SUMO) | Brucella abortus | E. coli | ||
Catalyzes the reversible oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate. Malate dehydrogenase Protein, Brucella abortus, Recombinant (His & Myc & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis-SUMO and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 53.7 kDa and the accession number is B2S881.
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TMPH-03021 | PstP Protein, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Recombinant (His) | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | E. coli | ||
Plays an important role in regulating cell division and growth by reversible phosphorylation signaling. May play important roles in regulating cellular metabolism and signaling pathways, which could mediate the growth and development of the cell. Plays a role in establishing and maintaining infection.
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TMPH-00398 | PPK2 Protein, Chlorobium tepidum, Recombinant (His & Myc) | Chlorobaculum tepidum | E. coli | ||
Catalyzes the reversible transfer of the terminal phosphate of ATP to form a long-chain polyphosphate (polyP). PPK2 Protein, Chlorobium tepidum, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 34.4 kDa and the accession number is O68984.
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TMPH-00739 | Thioredoxin-1 Protein, E. coli, Recombinant (His) | E. coli | E. coli | ||
Participates in various redox reactions through the reversible oxidation of its active center dithiol to a disulfide and catalyzes dithiol-disulfide exchange reactions. Thioredoxin-1 Protein, E. coli, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 15.7 kDa and the accession number is P0AA25.
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TMPJ-01207 | UPP1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Uridinephosphorylase 1 (UPP1) is a member of the family of pentosyltransferase. UPP1 catalyses the reversible phosphorolysis of uridine to uracil. The expression levels and the enzymatic activity of UPP1 are higher in human solid tumors than in adjacent normal tissues. The high level of UPP1 expression in some tumors makes it a potential prognosticfactor for some cancers, such as oral squamous cell carcinoma. UPP1 is important for the homeostatic regulation of intracellular and plasma uridine concentratios. UPP1 plays an important role in the pyrimidine salvage pathway through its catalysis of the reversible phosphorolysis of uridine to uracil.
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TMPH-00422 | Ppdk Protein, Clostridium symbiosum, Recombinant (His & Myc) | Clostridium symbiosum | E. coli | ||
Catalyzes the reversible phosphorylation of pyruvate and phosphate. In E.histolytica and C.symbiosus, PPDK functions in the direction of ATP synthesis. Ppdk Protein, Clostridium symbiosum, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 20.5 kDa and the accession number is P22983.
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TMPH-02195 | TXNDC17 Protein, Human, Recombinant (GST) | Human | E. coli | ||
Disulfide reductase. May participate in various redox reactions through the reversible oxidation of its active center dithiol to a disulfide and catalyze dithiol-disulfide exchange reactions. Modulates TNF-alpha signaling and NF-kappa-B activation. Has peroxidase activity and may contribute to the elimination of cellular hydrogen peroxide.
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TMPH-00911 | GPT Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Catalyzes the reversible transamination between alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to form pyruvate and glutamate. Participates in cellular nitrogen metabolism and also in liver gluconeogenesis starting with precursors transported from skeletal muscles. GPT Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 58.5 kDa and the accession number is P24298.
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TMPJ-01278 | SENP8 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Sentrin-Specific Protease 8 (SENP8) mediates the reversible covalent modification of proteins by NEDD8. SENP8 catalyzes the full-length NEDD8 to generate its mature form and deconjugation of NEDD8 from targeted proteins such as CUL2 , CUL4A in vivo, or p53. but it does not show activity against ubiquitin or SUMO proteins.
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TMPH-03259 | Carbonic Anhydrase 2 Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His) | Rat | E. coli | ||
Essential for bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation. Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Contributes to intracellular pH regulation in the duodenal upper villous epithelium during proton-coupled peptide absorption. Stimulates the chloride-bicarbonate exchange activity of SLC26A6. Carbonic Anhydrase 2 Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 31.7 kDa and the accession number is P27139.
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TMPH-03022 | PstP Protein, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Recombinant | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | E. coli | ||
Plays an important role in regulating cell division and growth by reversible phosphorylation signaling. May play important roles in regulating cellular metabolism and signaling pathways, which could mediate the growth and development of the cell. Plays a role in establishing and maintaining infection. PstP Protein, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Recombinant is expressed in E. coli expression system. The predicted molecular weight is 25.3 kDa and the accession number is P9WHW4.
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TMPH-03503 | Adenylate kinase Protein, Shigella flexneri, Recombinant (His & Myc & SUMO) | Shigella flexneri | E. coli | ||
Catalyzes the reversible transfer of the terminal phosphate group between ATP and AMP. Plays an important role in cellular energy homeostasis and in adenine nucleotide metabolism. Adenylate kinase Protein, Shigella flexneri, Recombinant (His & Myc & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis-SUMO and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 43.6 kDa and the accession number is Q83M40.
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TMPH-03584 | Shikimate dehydrogenase Protein, S. epidermidis, Recombinant (His & Myc) | Staphylococcus epidermidis | E. coli | ||
Involved in the biosynthesis of the chorismate, which leads to the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. Catalyzes the reversible NADPH linked reduction of 3-dehydroshikimate (DHSA) to yield shikimate (SA). It can also use NAD to oxidize shikimate. Shikimate dehydrogenase Protein, S. epidermidis, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 37.4 kDa and the accession number is Q5HNV1.
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TMPH-01678 | MMUT Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Catalyzes the reversible isomerization of methylmalonyl-CoA (MMCoA) (generated from branched-chain amino acid metabolism and degradation of dietary odd chain fatty acids and cholesterol) to succinyl-CoA (3-carboxypropionyl-CoA), a key intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. MMUT Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 84.8 kDa and the accession number is P22033.
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TMPJ-00818 | ALDOC Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 Cells | ||
Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase C (ALDOC) belongs to the class I fructose-bisphosphate aldolase family. It is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the ALDOC gene. ALDOC is expressed exclusively in the hippocampus and Purkinje cells of the brain. ALDOC is a glycolytic enzyme which catalyzes the reversible aldol cleavage of fructose-1,6-biphosphate and fructose 1-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and either glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate or glyceraldehydes respectively
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TMPJ-00956 | MDH2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 Cells | ||
Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial is a 338 amino acids protein that belongs to the LDH/MDH superfamily. MDH type 1 family. MDH2 catalyzes the reversible oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate, utilizing the NAD/NADH cofactor system in the citric acid cycle. MDH2 is localized to the mitochondria and takes part in the malate-aspartate shuttle that functions in the metabolic coordination between cytosol and mitochondria. MDH2 is highly expressed in the adrenal system, small intestine, heart and pancreas.
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TMPY-03386 | ART3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 Cells | ||
ART3 is an arginine-specific ADP-ribosyltransferase which belongs to the Arg-specific ADP-ribosyltransferase family. ART3 catalyzes a reversible reaction which modifies proteins by the addition or removal of ADP-ribose to an arginine residue to regulate the function of the modified protein. It is expressed specifically in testis. ART3 pseudogene is located on chromosome 11. ART3 was identified as a susceptibility gene for non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). It is a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of NOA.
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TMPJ-00313 | Fumarase Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | E. coli | ||
Fumarase is an enzyme that catalyze the reversible hydration/dehydration of fumarate to S-malate and is involved in the tricarboxylic acid or Krebs cycle. Fumarase exists in both form, cytosolic formand N-terminal extend mitochondrial form. The N-terminal extended form is targeted to the mitochondrion, where the removal of the extension is the same form as in the cytoplasm. Fumarase is thought to act as a tumor suppressor, which deficiency can lead to progressive encephalopathy, cerebral atrophy and development delay.
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TMPJ-00484 | SHMT1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 Cells | ||
Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase Cytosolic (SHMT1) is a member of the SHMT family. SHMT1 is a cytoplasmic protein and exists as a homotetramer. SHMT1 catalyzes the reversible conversion of serine and tetrahydrofolate to glycine and 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate. This reaction provides one carbon unit for the synthesis of methionine, thymidylate, and purines in the cytoplasm. A reduction in SHMT1 levels would result in less glycine that could affect the nervous system by acting as an agonist to the NMDA receptor and this could be a mechanism behind Smith-Magenis syndrome.
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TMPJ-00701 | Carbonic Anhydrase 11 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 Cells | ||
Carbonic Anhydrase-Related Protein 11 (CA11) is a secreted protein member of the α-carbonic anhydrase family. Carbonic Anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They participate in a variety of biological processes, including respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and the formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and gastric acid. CA11 is expressed abundantly in the brain with moderate expression also present in spinal cord and thyroid. CA11 may play a general role in the central nervous system.
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TMPJ-00601 | Apolipoprotein C-II/APOC2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
APOC2 activates the lipoprotein lipase in capillaries, which hydrolyzes triglycerides and thus provides free fatty acids for cells. APOC2 is component of the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) fraction in plasma. It is also an activator of several triacylglycerol lipases. The association of APOC2 with plasma chylomicrons, VLDL, and HDL is reversible, a function of the secretion and catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, and changes rapidly. Defects in APOC2 are the cause of hyperlipoproteinemia type 1B (HLPP1B) which characterized by hypertriglyceridemia, xanthomas, and increased risk of pancreatitis and early atherosclerosis.
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TMPJ-00731 | Carbonic Anhydrase 1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Carbonic Anhydrase 1 (CA1) is a cytosolic enzyme, belonging to the alpha-carbonic anhydrase family. It is highly expressed in erythrocytes and acts as an early marker for erythroid differentiation. Carbonic anhydrase 1 plays a improtant role in many biological processes such as calcification, cellular respiration, bone resorption, acid-base balance. It is activated by imidazole, histamine, L-adrenaline, L- and D-histidine, and L- and D-phenylalanine. At the same time, It is inhibited by sulfonamide derivatives and coumarins. In addition, CA1 is a zinc metalloenzyme that has reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. It can hydrate cyanamide to urea.
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TMPJ-00283 | Carbonic Anhydrase 9 Protein, Human, Recombinant (Avi & His), Biotinylated | Human | HEK293 Cells | ||
Carbonic anhydrases IX (CA IX), also known as membrane antigen MN or CA9, is a member of the carbonic anhydrase (CA) family and may be involved in cell proliferation and cellular transformation. CAs are zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide (H2O + CO2 = H+ + HCO3–) and thus participate in a variety of biological and physical processes. CA9 is a transmembrane enzyme expressed primarily in carcinoma cells. It is one of the best markers for hypoxia and for RCC. Appears to be a novel specific biomarker for a cervical neoplasia.
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TMPY-01877 | CA5A Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial, also known as Carbonate dehydratase VA, Carbonic anhydrase VA, CA-VA and CA5A, is a member of thealpha-carbonic anhydrase family. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes first discovered in 1933 that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. CAs participate in a variety of biological processes, including respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and the formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and gastric acid. CA5A / CA-VA is activated by histamine, L-adrenaline, L- and D-histidine, and L- and D-phenylalanine. It is inhibited by coumarins, sulfonamide derivatives such as acetazolamide and Foscarnet (phosphonoformate trisodium salt).
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TMPY-02277 | Carbonic Anhydrase 7 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Carbonic anhydrase 7, also known as carbonate dehydratase VII, carbonic anhydrase VII, CA-VII and CA7, is a cytoplasm protein which belongs to thealpha-carbonic anhydrase family. Carbonic anhydrases are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They participate in a variety of biological processes, including respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and the formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and gastric acid. Carbonic anhydrases show extensive diversity in tissue distribution and in their subcellular localization. CA7 / CA-VII is predominantly expressed in the salivary glands. Alternative splicing in the coding region results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.
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TMPY-02453 | CROT Protein, Human, Recombinant (474 Leu/Val, His) | Human | Baculovirus Insect Cells | ||
Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CROT or COT), also known as octanoyl-CoA: L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase, medium-chain/long-chain carnitine acyltransferase, and carnitine medium-chain acyltransferase, is a carnitine acyltransferase belonging to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups that catalyzes the reversible transfer of fatty acyl groups between CoA and carnitine. Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CROT or COT) facilitate the transport of medium- and long-chain fatty acids through the peroxisomal and mitochondrial membranes. It is physiologically inhibited by malonyl-CoA. COT also has functions in efficiently converting one of the end products of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation of pristanic acid, 4, 8-dimethylnonanoyl-CoA, to its corresponding carnitine ester.
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TMPY-03755 | Glycerol 3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase/GPD1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
GPD1 (Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase 1) is a Protein Coding gene. 2 alternatively spliced human isoforms have been reported. GPD1 is a member of the NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family. The encoded protein plays a critical role in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism by catalyzing the reversible conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and reduced nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NADH) to glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) and NAD+. It also reduces nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NADH) to glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) and NAD+. Meanwhile, GPD1 and mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase also form a glycerol phosphate shuttle that facilitates the transfer of reducing equivalents from the cytosol to mitochondria. Diseases associated with GPD1 include Hypertriglyceridemia, Transient Infantile, and Myopathy, Distal, 1.
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TMPJ-00497 | CTSB Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 Cells | ||
Cathepsin B is an enzymatic protein belonging to the peptidase (or protease) families. The protein encoded by this gene is a lysosomal cysteine protease composed of a dimer of disulfide-linked heavy and light chains, both produced from a single protein precursor. It is a member of the peptidase C1 family. At least five transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. Cystatin-B / CSTB is an intracellular thiol proteinase inhibitor. Tightly binding reversible inhibitor of cathepsins L, H and B. Cystatin-B / CSTB is able to form a dimer stabilized by noncovalent forces, inhibiting papain and cathepsins l, h and b. Cystatin-B / CSTB is also thought to play a role in protecting against the proteases leaking from lysosomes.
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TMPJ-01034 | TIM Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Triose-phosphate isomerase, also named Triose-phosphate isomerase, TPI and TIM, is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible interconversion of the triose phosphate isomers dihydroxyacetone phosphate and D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. TPI has been found in nearly every organism searched for the enzyme, including animals such as mammals and insects as well as in fungi, plants, and bacteria. However, some bacteria that do not perform glycolysis, like ureaplasmas, lack TPI. TPI plays an important role in glycolysis and is essential for efficient energy production. TPI deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder and the most severe clinical disorder of glycolysis. Triose phosphate isomerase deficiency is associated with neonatal jaundice, chronic hemolytic anemia, progressive neuromuscular dysfunction, cardiomyopathy and increased susceptibility to infection and characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia.
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TMPY-04568 | PDK1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | Baculovirus Insect Cells | ||
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 1, also known as [Pyruvate dehydrogenase [lipoamide]] kinase isozyme 1, mitochondrial and PDK1, is a member of the PDK / BCKDK protein kinase family. PDK-1 is expressed predominantly in the heart. It contains one histidine kinase domain. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) isoforms are molecular switches that downregulate the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) by reversible phosphorylation in mitochondria. An inhibitory effect of lipoic acid on PDKs would result in less phosphorylation of E1 and hence increased PDC activity. At least two isoenzymic forms of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase ( PDK-1 and PDK-2 ) may be involved in the regulation of enzymatic activity of mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by phosphorylation. PDK-3 appears to have the highest specific activity among the three isoenzymes. PDK-1 inhibits the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by phosphorylation of the E1 alpha subunit, thus contributing to the regulation of glucose metabolism.
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TMPY-01100 | GPT2 Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His) | Rat | Baculovirus Insect Cells | ||
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), also known as glutamate pyruvate transaminase (Gpt), is a pyridoxal enzyme that catalyzes the reversible interconversion of L-alanine and 2-oxoglutalate to pyruvate and L-glutamate and plays a key role in the intermediary metabolism of glucose and amino acids. As a key enzyme for gluconeogenesis, Gpt is a widely-used serum marker for liver injury. Two ALT isoenzymes have been identified, ALT1 and ALT2 (GPT1 and GPT2), which are encoded by separate genes and share significant sequence homology, but differ in their expression patterns. Gpt1 is widely distributed and mainly expressed in the intestine, liver, fat tissues, colon, muscle, and heart, in the order of high to low expression level, whereas Gpt2 expression is more restricted, mainly in the liver, muscle, brain, and white adipose tissue. It has been reported that hepatic ALT2 protein is approximately four times higher in male rats than in female rats.
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TMPJ-01106 | NAD(P) transhydrogenase/NNT Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
NAD(P)+transhydrogenase (NNT) is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane and catalyzes a reversible hydride transfer between NAD(H) and NADP(H) that is coupled to proton translocation between the intermembrane space and mitochondrial matrix. NNT activity has an essential role in maintaining the NADPH supply for antioxidant defense and biosynthetic pathways. Structurally, NNT is composed of three domains; domains I and III are hydrophilic and have binding sites for NAD and NADP, respectively, while domain II is hydrophobic and is a transmembrane pathway through which protons translocate. NNT forms dimers, whose monomers act in an anti-phase way; domain III (NADP(H)- binding) flips, allowing proton translocation across the inner mitochondrial membrane one moment and favoring hydride transfer between NAD(H) and NADP(H) the next. And NNT pathophysiological roles after the discovery of a spontaneous Nnt mutation in C57BL/6J mice. And Nnt silencing reduced the growth of cancer cell lines, suggesting that NNT might be a therapeutic target in some cancers.
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TMPY-01099 | GPT Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His) | Rat | Baculovirus Insect Cells | ||
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), also known as glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), is a pyridoxal enzyme that belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family, Alanine aminotransferase subfamily. Gpt / Gpt1 / ALT catalyzes the reversible interconversion of L-alanine and 2-oxoglutalate to pyruvate and L-glutamate and plays a key role in the intermediary metabolism of glucose and amino acids. Gpt / Gpt1 / ALT is expressed in the liver, kidney, heart, and skeletal muscles and it expresses at moderate levels in the adipose tissue. As a key enzyme for gluconeogenesis, Gpt is a widely-used serum marker for liver injury. Two ALT isoenzymes have been identified, ALT1 and ALT2 (GPT1 and GPT2), which are encoded by separate genes and share significant sequence homology, but differ in their expression patterns. GPT1/GPT is widely distributed and mainly expressed in the intestine, liver, fat tissues, colon, muscle, and heart, in the order of high to low expression level. Serum activity levels of this enzyme are routinely used as a biomarker of liver injury caused by drug toxicity, infection, alcohol, and steatosis.
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TMPY-01734 | CA13 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
The carbonic anhydrases (or carbonate dehydratases) are classified as metalloenzyme for its zinc ion prosthetic group and form a family of enzymes that catalyze the rapid interconversion of carbon dioxide and water to bicarbonate and protons, a reversible reaction that takes part in maintaining acid-base balance in blood and other tissues. The carbonic anhydrasekl (CA) family consists of at least 11 enzymatically active members and a few inactive homologous proteins. The CAXIII is a member of the CA family, which owns a globular molecule with high structural similarity to cytosolic isozymes, CAI, II, and III. Recombinant mouse CAXIII showed catalytic activity similar to those of mitochondrial CAV and cytosolic CAI. In human tissues, CAXIII expression was identified in the thymus, small intestine, spleen, prostate, ovary, colon, and testis. In mouse, positive tissues included the spleen, lung, kidney, heart, brain, skeletal muscle, and testis. In conclusion, the predicted amino acid sequence, structural model, distribution, and activity data suggest that CAXIII represents a novel enzyme, which may play important physiological roles in several organs.
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TMPY-00583 | ADPRH Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Cholera toxin (CT) produced by Vibrio cholerae causes the devastating diarrhea of cholera by catalyzing the ADP-ribosylation of the alpha subunit of the intestinal Gs protein (Gsalpha), leading to characteristic water and electrolyte losses. Mammalian cells contain ADP-ribosyltransferases similar to CT and an ADP-ribosyl(arginine)protein hydrolase (ADPRH), which cleaves the ADP-ribose-(arginine)protein bond, regenerating native protein and completing an ADP-ribosylation cycle. CT-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation of cell proteins can be counteracted by ADPRH, which could function as a modifier gene in disease. Further, our study demonstrates that enzymatic cross talk exists between bacterial toxin ADP-ribosyltransferases and host ADP-ribosylation cycles. In disease, toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation overwhelms this potential host defense system, resulting in persistence of ADP-ribosylation and intoxication of the cell. Mono-ADP-ribosylation is a reversible modification of proteins with NAD:arginine ADP-ribosyltransferases and ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolases (ADPRH) catalyzing the opposing arms of an ADP-ribosylation cycle. The ADPRH cDNA had been cloned from human, rat, and mouse tissues and high levels of mRNA were found in brain, spleen, and testis. Human ADP-ribosylhydrolase 1 (hARH1, ADPRH) cleaves the glycosidic bond of ADP-ribose attached to an Arg residue of a protein.
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TMPY-02133 | Carbonic Anhydrase VB Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, also known as carbonate dehydratase VB, carbonic anhydrase VB, CA-VB and CA5B, is amember of the alpha-carbonic anhydrase family. The strongest expression of CA5B / CA-VB is in heart, pancreas, kidney, placenta, lung, and skeletal muscle. It is not expressed in liver. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes first discovered in 1933 that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. CAs participate in a variety of biological processes, including respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and the formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and gastric acid. CAs show extensive diversity in tissue distribution and in their subcellular localization. CA5B / CA-VB is localized in the mitochondria and shows the highest sequence similarity to the other mitochondrial CA5A / CA-VA. CA5B / CA-VB has a wider tissue distribution than CA5A / CA-VA, which is restricted to the liver. The differences in tissue distribution suggest that the two mitochondrial carbonic anhydrases evolved to assume different physiologic roles. CA5A / CA-VA is activated by histamine, L-adrenaline, L- and D-histidine, and L- and D-phenylalanine. It is inhibited by coumarins, sulfonamide derivatives such as acetazolamide and Foscarnet (phosphonoformate trisodium salt). CA5B / CA-VB is inhibited by coumarins, sulfonamide derivatives such as acetazolamide (AZA), saccharin and Foscarnet (phosphonoformate trisodium salt).
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TMPY-02090 | Cystatin B Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Cystatin-B, also known as CPI-B, Liver thiol proteinase inhibitor, Stefin-B, CSTB and CST6, is a cytoplasm and nucleus protein which belongs to thecystatin family. Cystatin-B / CSTB is an intracellular thiol proteinase inhibitor. Tightly binding reversible inhibitor of cathepsins L, H and B. Cystatin-B / CSTB is able to form a dimer stabilized by noncovalent forces, inhibiting papain and cathepsins l, h and b. Cystatin-B / CSTB is also thought to play a role in protecting against the proteases leaking from lysosomes. Defects in Cystatin-B / CSTB are the cause of progressive myoclonic epilepsy type 1 (EPM1) which is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe, stimulus-sensitive myoclonus and tonic-clonic seizures. The cystatins are a family of cysteine protease inhibitors with homology to chicken cystatin. Cystatins are physiological inhibitors of cysteine proteinases which are widely distributed in human tissues and fluids. Cystatins typically comprise about 115 amino acids, are largely acidic, contain four conserved cysteine residues known to form two disulfide bonds. Cystatins may be glycosylated and / or phosphorylated, with similarity to fetuins, kininogens, stefins, histidine-rich glycoproteins and cystatin-related proteins. Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired inhibitory activity. Cystatins mainly inhibit peptidases belonging to peptidase families C1 (papain family) and C13 (legumain family).
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TMPY-02510 | HIST2H2BE Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | E. coli | ||
Histones are a complex family of highly conserved basic proteins responsible for packaging chromosomal DNA into nucleosomes. Histone proteins exhibit two levels of diversity: 1. evolutionary diversity between species and 2. subtype diversity in a class(H1, H2A, H2B, H3 or H4) within a species. It has become more and more evident that histone modifications are key players in the regulation of chromatin states and dynamics as well as in gene expression. Therefore, histone modifications and the enzymatic machinery that set them are crucial regulators that can control cellular proliferation, differentiation, plasticity, and malignancy processes. However, extracellular histones are a double-edged sword because they also damage host tissue and may cause death. Histones bound to platelets, induced calcium influx, and recruited plasma adhesion proteins such as fibrinogen to induce platelet aggregation. Histone H2B proteins have been studied in a variety of species and are easily detected in most species. The reversible ubiquitylation of histone H2B has long been implicated in transcriptional activation and gene silencing. Phosphorylation of H2B serine 32 occurs in normal cycling and mitogen-stimulated cells. Notably, this phosphorylation is elevated in skin cancer cell lines and tissues compared with normal counterparts. HIST2H2BE is a member of the histone H2B family and generates two transcripts through the use of the conserved stem-loop termination motif, and the polyA addition motif.
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TMPY-01761 | Carbonic Anhydrase 3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes first discovered in 1933 that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. CAs participate in a variety of biological processes, including respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and the formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and gastric acid. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) form a family of enzymes that catalyze the rapid conversion of carbon dioxide and water to bicarbonate and protons, a reaction that occurs rather slowly in the absence of a catalyst. The active site of most carbonic anhydrases contains a zinc ion, they are therefore classified as metalloenzymes. Several forms of carbonic anhydrase occur in nature. The primary function of the enzyme in animals is to interconvert carbon dioxide and bicarbonate to maintain acid-base balance in blood and other tissues, and to help transport carbon dioxide out of tissues. Plants contain a different form called β-carbonic anhydrase, which, from an evolutionary standpoint, is a distinct enzyme, but participates in the same reaction and also uses a zinc ion in its active site. Carbonic anhydrase 3, also known as Carbonate dehydratase III, CA-III and CA3, is a cytoplasm protein which belongs to thealpha-carbonic anhydrase family. CA3 is activated by proton donors such as imidazole and the dipeptide histidylhistidine. It is inhibited by coumarins and sulfonamide derivatives such as acetazolamide. At 6 weeks gestation, transcripts accumulate at low levels in the somites and at high levels throughout the notochord. As gestation continues, CA3 becomes abundant in all developing muscle masses and continues at high to moderate levels in the notochord.
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