目录号 | 产品详情 | 靶点 | |
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T16509 | Adrenergic Receptor | ||
PF-610355 是一种具有长效性和高效性的β2 肾上腺素能受体激动剂(EC50:0.26 nM)。PF-610355 可用于研究哮喘和 COPD 。 | |||
TQ0185 | NF-κB | ||
14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (AP10) 是一种 Andrographolide 的类似物,能够抑制 NF-κB 活性。 | |||
T68048 | CaMK | ||
cloxacepride 是一种CaM 拮抗剂,可用于治疗哮喘疾病。 | |||
T14958 | Endogenous Metabolite PDE | ||
Choline theophyllinate (Oxtriphylline)是茶碱的胆碱盐,是一种小分子PDE抑制剂,可用来治疗免疫系统疾病和呼吸系统疾病,研究哮喘疾病。 | |||
T1030 | Histamine Receptor | ||
Triprolidine hydrochloride monohydrate 是一种组胺 H1 拮抗剂,用于过敏性鼻炎、哮喘。 | |||
T76891 | Interleukin | ||
Oxelumab (R 4930)是针对OX40L的人源单抗。Oxelumab 可用来研究哮喘。 | |||
T22787 | LTR | ||
FPL 55712 是白三烯受体和 SRS-A 拮抗剂,抑制支气管收缩,可用于研究哮喘和冠状动脉血栓。 | |||
T28529 | Leukotriene Receptor | ||
RG 7152 是白三烯 D4 拮抗剂,具有抗哮喘作用,可作用于研究哮喘。 | |||
T4548 | Adrenergic Receptor | ||
Procaterol hydrochloride 用于治疗哮喘的短效β2-肾上腺素受体激动剂。 | |||
T31207 | AChR | ||
GSK233705 (Darotropium bromide) 是一种毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂,可用来与预防和治疗人类的慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)和哮喘。 |
目录号 | 产品名/同用名 | 种属 | 表达系统 | ||
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TMPJ-00042 | TSLP Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | E. coli | ||
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a novel member of the hemopoietic cytokine family that promotes the development of B cells and shares overlapping activity with IL-7. The human TSLP protein comprises a 28 amino acids (aa) signal sequence and 131 aa mature region. Human TSLP has two isoforms lfTSLP and sfTSLP produced by alternative splicing . lfTSLP is expressed in a number of tissues including heart, liver and prostate, and sfTSLP (63aa) is predominantly expressed in keratinocytes of oral mucosa, skin and in salivary glands. In aa sequence level, Human TSLP displays about 43% identity with mouse TSLP.TSLP is a cytokine that functions mainly on myeloid cells; it induces the release of T cell-attracting chemokines from monocytes and enhances the maturation of CD11c(+) dendritic cells.TSLP has proliferative effects on the myeloid cell line and may initiate asthma or atopic dermatitis responses by directly activating mast cells . TSLP signals cells via the interleukin-7 receptor-α chain (IL-7Rα),shared with IL-7, together with the TSLP receptor (TSLPR) subunit. Recent studies indicate that TSLP and its receptor are novel therapeutic targets for rheumatoid arthritis,for increased intraarticular TSLP concentrations in patients has caused chemotaxis and activation of arthritogenic T cells.
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TMPK-00476 | CD200 Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (His) | Cynomolgus | HEK293 Cells | ||
CD200 and its receptors are highly expressed in the lung, on epithelial cells and leukocytes, and emerging evidence links dysregulation of the CD200 pathway with asthma. Moreover, pharmacological modulation of CD200 receptors was shown to improve clinical and inflammatory outcomes of preclinical asthma models. CD200 Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 23.66 kDa and the accession number is A0A2K5TQS2.
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TMPK-00733 | CD200 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (aa 31-232, His) | Mouse | HEK293 Cells | ||
CD200 and its receptors are highly expressed in the lung, on epithelial cells and leukocytes, and emerging evidence links dysregulation of the CD200 pathway with asthma. Moreover, pharmacological modulation of CD200 receptors was shown to improve clinical and inflammatory outcomes of preclinical asthma models. CD200 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (aa 31-232, His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 23.6 kDa and the accession number is O54901.
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TMPY-02574 | Chymase 1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | Baculovirus Insect Cells | ||
The STR polymorphism in the CMA1 gene is associated with asthma and that this association is even stronger with atopic asthma. CMA1 and IL-4 in atopic asthma and for IL-4 in atopy in general. The local angiotensin II system (LAS) has numerous functions, including the regulation of growth and differentiation in the gastrointestinal tract. Angiotensin II (AngII) may be generated by angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) or mast cell chymase (CMA1) and plays an important role in inflammatory processes, although opinions differ as to which AngII-generating enzyme is primarily associated with AngII-mediated effects. ACE in the gastric mucosa and the microvasculature of granulation tissue may represent a novel therapeutic target for the promotion of healing processes in gastritis and ulceration using ACE inhibitors or AT1R antagonists. The gene for mast cell chymase (CMA1) is an ideal candidate for investigating genetic predisposition to atopic asthma, as it is an important mediator of inflammation and remodeling in the asthmatic lung. (CMA1) is important for the generation of angiotensin II and therefore might be associated with the pathogenesis of hypertension.
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TMPY-03728 | CCL28 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
CCL28 chemokine is expressed by epithelial cells of various mucosal tissues. This chemokine binds to CCR3 and CCR10 receptors and plays an essential role in the IgA antibody secreting cells (IgA-ASC) homing to mucosal surfaces and lactating mammary gland as well. Besides, CCL28 has been shown to exert a potent antimicrobial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. The potent antimicrobial function of CCL28 combined with its wide distribution in mucosal tissues and secretions suggest that this protein plays an important role in innate immune protection of the epithelial surfaces. CCL28 is a human chemokine constitutively expressed by epithelial cells in diverse mucosal tissues and is known to attract a variety of immune cell types including T-cell subsets and eosinophils. Elevated levels of CCL28 have been found in the airways of individuals with asthma, and previous studies have indicated that CCL28 plays a vital role in the acute development of post-viral asthma. CCL28 presents a novel target for the development of alternative asthma therapeutics. The dental decay of children leads to the secretion of chemokine CCL28, which promotes the secretion of sIgA in saliva. CC chemokine ligand28 (CCL28) has been reported as a severity marker in atopic dermatitis.
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TMPJ-00423 | TIM-1/KIM-1/HAVCR1 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) | Mouse | HEK293 Cells | ||
TIM-1/KIM-1/HAVCR belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily that cosisits 305 amino acid (aa). It is expressed by stimulated T-cells. TIM-1/KIM-1/HAVCR may play a role in T-helper cell development and the regulation of asthma and allergic diseases. Receptor for TIMD4. And may have a role in kidney injury and repair. Belongs to the T-cell and airway phenotype regulator (Tapr) locus, a single chromosomal region that confers reduced T-helper type 2 responsiveness and protects against airway hyperactivity (AHR), the hallmark of human asthma.
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TMPK-00236 | CEACAM8 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi), Biotinylated | Human | HEK293 Cells | ||
Eosinophils and their products are likely important in the pathophysiology of allergic diseases, such as bronchial asthma, and in host immunity to parasitic organisms. CD66b (CEACAM8, CGM6, NCA-95) is a single chain, GPI-anchored, highly glycosylated protein belonging to the carcinoembryonic Ag supergene family. CD66b is an activation marker for human granulocytes.
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TMPK-01029 | IL-1RAP/IL-1RAcP Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (aa 21-367, His) | Mouse | HEK293 Cells | ||
Interleukin (IL)-1R3 is the co-receptor in three signaling pathways that involve six cytokines of the IL-1 family (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-33, IL-36α, IL-36β and IL-36γ). In many diseases, multiple cytokines contribute to disease pathogenesis. For example, in asthma, both IL-33 and IL-1 are of major importance, as are IL-36 and IL-1 in psoriasis.
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TMPY-05710 | Der p 23 Protein, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Recombinant (His) | Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus | HEK293 Cells | ||
Der p 23 is a new major allergen of D. pteronyssinus. The house dust mite (HDM) Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus is one of most important allergen sources and a major elicitor of allergic asthma. Der p 23 may be an essential component for diagnosis and specific immunotherapy of HDM allergy.
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TMPH-03749 | CYSLTR1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Receptor for cysteinyl leukotrienes mediating bronchoconstriction of individuals with and without asthma. Stimulation by LTD4 results in the contraction and proliferation of smooth muscle, edema, eosinophil migration and damage to the mucus layer in the lung. This response is mediated via a G-protein that activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. The rank order of affinities for the leukotrienes is LTD4 >> LTE4 = LTC4 >> LTB4.
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TMPK-01202 | CD93/C1qR1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His&Avi), Biotinylated | Human | HEK293 Cells | ||
CD93 has been shown critical roles in inflammatory and immune diseases. CD93 silencing increased IL-6 and TSLP, but not IL-33 levels in culture supernatants. HDM-induced asthma mice showed significant airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation with Th2 cytokine activation, along with decreased CD93 expression in bronchial epithelial cells and lung homogenates but increased serum CD93 levels.
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TMPJ-00542 | TPSB2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 Cells | ||
Tryptases are Trypsin-like Serine Proteases. β-Tryptases are the main isoenzymes in mast cells. Βtryptases form active tetramers with heparin proteoglycan. In the tetramer, the unique arrangement of the active sites facing a narrow central pore, β-Tryptases are resistant to macromolecule protease inhibitors . When mast cells are activated, β-Tryptases are released and participate in provoking inflammatory conditions . β-Tryptases have been implicated as mediators in the pathogenesis of asthma and other allergic disorders.
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TMPK-00021 | IL-5 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi) | Human | HEK293 Cells | ||
IL-5 is an important cytokine for priming and survival of mature eosinophils and for proliferation and maturation of their progenitors. IL-5(Rα) targeting will be increasingly used in diseases where eosinophils are the key immune effector cells such as eosinophilic asthma (EA), hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES), eosinophilic esophagitis (EE), and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). IL-5 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with N-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 16.1 kDa and the accession number is P05113.
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TMPK-00771 | IL-5 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His & Avi) | Mouse | HEK293 Cells | ||
IL-5 is an important cytokine for priming and survival of mature eosinophils and for proliferation and maturation of their progenitors. IL-5(Rα) targeting will be increasingly used in diseases where eosinophils are the key immune effector cells such as eosinophilic asthma (EA), hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES), eosinophilic esophagitis (EE), and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). IL-5 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His & Avi) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with N-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 16.03 kDa and the accession number is P04401.
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TMPK-00149 | Fc epsilon RI alpha/FCER1a Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 Cells | ||
Known susceptibility genes to atopy and asthma have been identified by linkage or associations with clinical phenotypes, including total serum IgE levels. IgE-mediated sensitivity reactions require a high-affinity IgE receptor (FcepsilonRI), which immobilizes the immunoglobulin on the surface of the effector cells, mostly mast cells and basophils. Similarly to the previously investigated beta subunit of the receptor, FCER1A is a good candidate for a quantitative trait locus (QTL) in allergic diseases, and appears to participate in the systemic regulation of IgE levels.
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TMPY-01854 | DPP10 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 Cells | ||
Inactive dipeptidyl peptidase 1, also known as Dipeptidyl peptidase IV-related protein 3, Dipeptidyl peptidase X, Dipeptidyl peptidase-like protein 2, DPRP-3, DPL2 and DPP1, is a single-pass type II membrane protein which belongs to thepeptidase S9B family.DPPIV subfamily. It may modulate cell surface expression and activity of the potassium channels KCND1 and KCND2. DPP1 / DPRP3 has no detectable protease activity, most likely due to the absence of the conserved serine residue normally present in the catalytic domain of serine proteases. However, it does bind specific voltage-gated potassium channels and alters their expression and biophysical properties. Genetic variations in DPP1 are associated with susceptibility to asthma (ASTHMA). The most common chronic disease affecting children and young adults. It is a complex genetic disorder with a heterogeneous phenotype, largely attributed to the interactions among many genes and between these genes and the environment. It is characterized by recurrent attacks of paroxysmal dyspnea, with weezing due to spasmodic contraction of the bronchi.
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TMPK-00055 | IL-25/IL-17E Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi), Biotinylated | Human | HEK293 Cells | ||
IL-25, also known as IL-17E, is a member of the IL-17 cytokine family mostly produced by epithelial cells and innate immune cells. After binding to the IL-17RB/IL-17RA complex, IL-25 induces downstream signaling responses in epithelial cells and type 2 lymphocytes, which initiates, propagates, and sustains type 2 immunity. The function of IL-25 in allergic diseases such as asthma has been well established, and now also is extended to diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and cancer.
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TMPK-00772 | IL-5 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His & Avi), Biotinylated | Mouse | HEK293 Cells | ||
IL-5 is an important cytokine for priming and survival of mature eosinophils and for proliferation and maturation of their progenitors. IL-5(Rα) targeting will be increasingly used in diseases where eosinophils are the key immune effector cells such as eosinophilic asthma (EA), hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES), eosinophilic esophagitis (EE), and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). IL-5 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His & Avi), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with N-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 16.0 kDa and the accession number is P04401.
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TMPJ-01079 | TFF2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) | Mouse | HEK293 Cells | ||
Recombinant Murine TFF-2 is an 11.9 kDa polypeptide of 106 amino acid residues, which includes a 40-amino acid trefoil motif containing three conserved intramolecular disulfide bonds. The Trefoil Factor peptides (TFF1, TFF2 and TFF3) are expressed in the gastrointestinal tract, and appear to play an important role in intestinal mucosal defense and repair. TFF2 has been shown to inhibit gastrointestinal motility and gastric acid secretion. Recent data suggests a potential role for TFF2 in acute and chronic asthma. It inhibits gastrointestinal motility and gastric acid secretion. As a structural component of gastric mucus, it possibly by stabilizing glycoproteins in the mucus gel through interactions with carbohydrate side chains.
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TMPK-00025 | IL-9 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) | Human | HEK293 Cells | ||
IL-9 is a pleiotropic cytokine that influences various distinct functions of different target cells such as T cells, B cells, mast cells and airway epithelial cells by activating STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5. Because of its pleiotropic functions, IL-9 has been demonstrated to be involved in several diseases, such as cancer, autoimmunity and other pathogen-mediated immune-regulated diseases. In this review, we focus on the role of Th9 and IL-9-producing cells in allergic asthma. IL-9 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 40.9 kDa and the accession number is P15248.
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TMPK-00026 | IL-9 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (hFc) | Mouse | HEK293 Cells | ||
IL-9 is a pleiotropic cytokine that influences various distinct functions of different target cells such as T cells, B cells, mast cells and airway epithelial cells by activating STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5. Because of its pleiotropic functions, IL-9 has been demonstrated to be involved in several diseases, such as cancer, autoimmunity and other pathogen-mediated immune-regulated diseases. In this review, we focus on the role of Th9 and IL-9-producing cells in allergic asthma. IL-9 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 40.9 kDa and the accession number is P15247.
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TMPK-00568 | IL-9 Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (His) | Cynomolgus | HEK293 Cells | ||
IL-9 is a pleiotropic cytokine that influences various distinct functions of different target cells such as T cells, B cells, mast cells and airway epithelial cells by activating STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5. Because of its pleiotropic functions, IL-9 has been demonstrated to be involved in several diseases, such as cancer, autoimmunity and other pathogen-mediated immune-regulated diseases. In this review, we focus on the role of Th9 and IL-9-producing cells in allergic asthma. IL-9 Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 14.01 kDa and the accession number is A0A7N9IA33.
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TMPY-02624 | IL-9R Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His) | Rat | HEK293 Cells | ||
IL9R (Interleukin 9 Receptor) is a Protein Coding gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine receptor that specifically mediates the biological effects of interleukin 9 (IL9). IL9 is involved in mast cell maturation and the enhancement of IgE production by B cells. Furthermore, linkage data in the human and mice have suggested that IL9 may contribute to asthma. The ligand binding of this receptor leads to the activation of various JAK kinases and STAT proteins, which connect to different biologic responses. IL9R is known to be autosomal in mice and is X-linked only in primates. The more recent X linkage and more telomeric position of the IL9R gene may explain its autosomal, 'un-inactivated' transcriptional status.
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TMPJ-00003 | DEFB1 Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | E. coli | ||
β-Defensin 1 (DEFB1) is a member of the β-defensin family, which is highly expressed by epithelial cells. β-defensins are expressed as the C-terminal portion of precursors and are released by proteolytic cleavage of a signal peptide. β-defensins contain a six-cysteine motif that forms three intra-molecular disulfide bonds. β-defensin 1 is an antimicrobial peptide implicated in the resistance of epithelial surfaces to microbial colonization. Defects in β-Defensin-1 contribute to asthma diagnosis, with apparent gender-specific effects in human. β-defensin 1 may also play a role in the pathogenesis of severe sepsis. In addition, β-defensin 1 is associated with induction profiles in gingival keratinocytes.
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TMPY-06836 | NR3C1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
NR3C1 (Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 3 Group C Member 1) is a Protein Coding gene. This gene encodes glucocorticoid receptor, which can function both as a transcription factor that binds to glucocorticoid response elements in the promoters of glucocorticoid responsive genes to activate their transcription, and as a regulator of other transcription factors. NR3C1 is a transcriptional regulator of many drug-metabolizing enzymes and anti-inflammatory molecules. NR3C1 polymorphisms associate with obesity, muscle strength, and cortisol sensitivity. Glucocorticoid receptor gene polymorphism (NR3C1 646 C>G) may play an important role in the development of severe bronchial asthma and resistance to glucocorticoids (GCs). Disturbances in the structure and function of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) alter the glucocorticoid regulation of the corticotropin-releasing hormone, which leads to nonspecific activation of numerous receptors in the brain and alters the metabolism.
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TMPJ-00028 | CCL2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant | Mouse | E. coli | ||
C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2) is a member of the C-C or β chemokine family. Mouse CCL2 shares 82% amino acid (aa) identity with rat CCL2 over the entire sequence, and 58%, 56%, 55%, 53% and 53% aa identity with human, equine, porcine, bovine and canine CCL2, respectively. Fibroblasts, glioma cells, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes can produce CCL2 either constitutively or upon mitogenic stimulation, but monocytes and macrophages appear to be the major source. In addition to its chemotactic activity, CCL2 induces enzyme and cytokine release by monocytes, NK cells and lymphocytes, and histamine release by basophils that express its receptor, CCR2. Additionally, it promotes Th2 polarization in CD4+ T cells. CCL2-mediated recruitment of monocytes to sites of inflammation is proposed to play a role in the pathology of atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis and allergic asthma.
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TMPY-02122 | IFNGR2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) | Mouse | HEK293 Cells | ||
Interferon-gamma receptor beta chain (IFNgammaR2), also known as IFNGR2, belongs to the type II cytokine receptor family, whose deficiency is a cause of autosomal recessive mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD), also known as familial disseminated atypical mycobacterial infection. This accessory factor is an integral part of the IFN-gamma signal transduction pathway and is likely to interact with GAF, JAK1, and/or JAK2. IFNGR2 is a component of the IFNgamma receptor complex along with the IFNgammaR alpha chain (IFNGR1) and is a new Bax suppressor. The C-terminal fragment (cytoplasmic domain) of IFNgammaR2 is expressed in human cancer cell lines of megakaryocytic cancer (DAMI), breast cancer (MDA-MD-468), and prostate cancer (PC3 cells). The Th1 cytokine IFNgamma, acting through its heterodimeric receptors, IFNgammaR1 and IFNgammaR2, in the induction/proliferation of Th1 cells, might suppress the Th2 responses that may underlie atopic asthma. IFNGR2 has always been seen as a key mechanism for shielding T lymphocytes from the antiproliferative effects of the IFNgamma-signal transducer and activator of the transcription 1 (STAT1) pathway.
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TMPY-01480 | LTC4S Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | Baculovirus Insect Cells | ||
Leukotriene C4 synthase, also known as LTC4 synthase, Leukotriene-C(4) synthase, and LTC4S, is a multi-pass membrane protein that belongs to the MAPEG family. LTC4S is detected in the lung, platelets, and the myelogenous leukemia cell line KG-1 (at protein level). LTC4S activity is present in eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, certain phagocytic mononuclear cells, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and platelets. LTC4S is essential for the production of cysteinyl leukotrienes (Cys-LT), critical mediators in asthma. Mutagenic analysis of the conjugation function of human LTC4S has identified R51 and Y93 as critical for acid and base catalysis of LTA4 and reduced glutathione, respectively. A comparison across species for proteins that possess LTC4S activity reveals conservation of both of these residues, whereas R51 is absent in the FLAP molecules. Thus, within the glutathione S-transferase superfamily of genes, alignment of specific residues allows the separation of LTC4S family members from their most structurally similar counterparts, the FLAP molecules. Defects in LTC4S are the cause of leukotriene C4 synthase deficiency (LTC4 synthase deficiency). LTC4 synthase deficiency is a fatal neurometabolic developmental disorder. It is associated with muscular hypotonia, psychomotor retardation, failure to thrive, and microcephaly.
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TMPH-03753 | MYLK Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase implicated in smooth muscle contraction via phosphorylation of myosin light chains (MLC). Also regulates actin-myosin interaction through a non-kinase activity. Phosphorylates PTK2B/PYK2 and myosin light-chains. Involved in the inflammatory response (e.g. apoptosis, vascular permeability, leukocyte diapedesis), cell motility and morphology, airway hyperreactivity and other activities relevant to asthma. Required for tonic airway smooth muscle contraction that is necessary for physiological and asthmatic airway resistance. Necessary for gastrointestinal motility. Implicated in the regulation of endothelial as well as vascular permeability, probably via the regulation of cytoskeletal rearrangements. In the nervous system it has been shown to control the growth initiation of astrocytic processes in culture and to participate in transmitter release at synapses formed between cultured sympathetic ganglion cells. Critical participant in signaling sequences that result in fibroblast apoptosis. Plays a role in the regulation of epithelial cell survival. Required for epithelial wound healing, especially during actomyosin ring contraction during purse-string wound closure. Mediates RhoA-dependent membrane blebbing. Triggers TRPC5 channel activity in a calcium-dependent signaling, by inducing its subcellular localization at the plasma membrane. Promotes cell migration (including tumor cells) and tumor metastasis. PTK2B/PYK2 activation by phosphorylation mediates ITGB2 activation and is thus essential to trigger neutrophil transmigration during acute lung injury (ALI). May regulate optic nerve head astrocyte migration. Probably involved in mitotic cytoskeletal regulation. Regulates tight junction probably by modulating ZO-1 exchange in the perijunctional actomyosin ring. Mediates burn-induced microvascular barrier injury; triggers endothelial contraction in the development of microvascular hyperpermeability by phosphorylating MLC. Essential for intestinal barrier dysfunction. Mediates Giardia spp.-mediated reduced epithelial barrier function during giardiasis intestinal infection via reorganization of cytoskeletal F-actin and tight junctional ZO-1. Necessary for hypotonicity-induced Ca(2+) entry and subsequent activation of volume-sensitive organic osmolyte/anion channels (VSOAC) in cervical cancer cells. Responsible for high proliferative ability of breast cancer cells through anti-apoptosis.
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