目录号 | 产品详情 | 靶点 | |
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TN1891 | Apoptosis BCL PARP Caspase | ||
Lupiwighteone 是一种广泛存在于野生植物中的异黄酮。它通过抑制 PI3K/Akt/mTOR 通路,诱导人乳腺癌细胞 caspase 依赖性和非依赖性凋亡,具有抗氧化、抗菌和抗癌作用。 | |||
T21065 | Others | ||
Artemisitene 是青蒿素的氧化形式,是一种抗疟药。青蒿素前体是青蒿素生物合成的重要基础物质,包括青蒿素 B、青蒿素、青蒿酸等。 | |||
T7934 | Others | ||
7-Methylcoumarin 具有很强的保肝活性。 | |||
T5203 | Others | ||
Sodium Tartrate 是一种的 pH 调节剂,具有抗氧化活性,能够有效延缓高温加热时的水解,使植物油的酸值增加。 | |||
TN1058 | NOS Reactive Oxygen Species Nrf2 NO Synthase | ||
Pelargonidin chloride 是一种氧化氮自由基的清除剂,具有抗氧化作用。 | |||
T21687 | Parasite | ||
Conoidin A 是刚地弓形虫过氧化物酶 II 的细胞通透性抑制剂,有杀线虫特性。它共价结合 TgPrxII 的过氧化物催化位点 Cys47,不可逆地抑制其过氧化物活性,IC50为 23 µM。它也抑制哺乳动物 PrxI 和 PrxII 的氧化。它具有抗氧化、神经保护作用,可研究缺血性心脏病。 | |||
T2S1720 | AChE | ||
Huperzine B 是一种从 Huperzia serrata 中分离出的石蒜生物碱,也是一种高度选择性的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂,可以用于改善阿尔茨海默氏病。 | |||
T7999 | Anti-infection | ||
7-Hydroxyflavanone 对肺炎链球菌临床分离株显示出抗菌活性。 | |||
T8064 | Others Antibacterial | ||
Lactobionic acid 是在里海酸奶中的一种仿生酸,化学上由与半乳糖键合的葡萄糖酸组成。它是具有抗氧化、抗菌和保湿特性的乳糖酸。 | |||
T9135 | Others | ||
Epirosmanol 是含有内酯部分的二萜类化合物。 Epirosmanol 是一种极弱碱性(基本中性)的化合物(基于其 pKa)。 |
目录号 | 产品名/同用名 | 种属 | 表达系统 | ||
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TMPY-04122 | ATOX1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
ATOX1 is a cytoplasmic copper chaperone that interacts with the copper-binding domain of the membrane copper transporters ATP7A and ATP7B. ATOX1 has also been suggested to have a potential anti-oxidant activity. As the trace element copper is essential, but extremely toxic in high concentrations, intracellular copper concentrations are tightly controlled. Once in the cell, copper is distributed by metallochaperones, including the small cytoplasmic protein ATOX1. ATOX1 plays an important role in the transfer of copper to the copper export P-type ATPases ATP7A and ATP7B to facilitate copper excretion. There is a novel function for Atox1 as a transcription factor (TF) regulating Ccnd1 was proposed. Antioxidant 1 (ATOX1) functions as an antioxidant against hydrogen peroxide and superoxide, and therefore may play a significant role in many human diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM). The transduced Tat-ATOX1 protein protects pancreatic beta-cells by inhibiting STZ-induced cellular toxicity in vitro and in vivo. Thus Tat-ATOX1 protein has potential applications as a therapeutic agent for oxidative stress-induced diseases including DM.
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TMPJ-00933 | PRDX5 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | Human Cells | ||
Peroxisomes are essential organelles that participate in multiple important metabolic processes, including the β-oxidation of fatty acids, plasmalogen synthesis, and the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Peroxiredoxins is overexpressed in breast cancer tissues to a great extent suggesting that they has a proliferative effect and may be related to cancer development or progression. Peroxiredoxin 5 (PRDX5) is a thioredoxin peroxidase that belongs to the atypical 2-Cys class of the TSA/ahpC family of peroxiredoxins. PRDX5 is a widely expressed mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme that reduces hydrogen peroxide, alkyl hydroperoxides, and peroxynitrite. In human cells, this enzyme is present in the cytosol, mitochondria, peroxisomes, and nucleus.
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TMPJ-01098 | PRDX4 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Peroxiredoxin-4 (PRDX4) is a member of the AhpC/TSA family. PRDX4 is a cytoplasmic protein and contains one thioredoxin domain. PRDX4 exists in homodimer or heterodimer with PRDX1. PRDX4 reduces hydrogen peroxide and alkyl hydroperoxides to water and alcohol with the use of reducing equivalents derived from thiol-containing donor molecules. In addition, PRDX4 is probably involved in redox regulation of the cell, regulating the activation of NF-kappa-B in the cytosol by a modulation of I-kappa-B-alpha phosphorylation.
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TMPJ-00934 | PRDX3 Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | E. coli | ||
Thioredoxin-Dependent Peroxide Reductase Mitochondrial (PRDX3) is an enzyme that belongs to the AhpC/TSA family. Human and mouse PRDX3 genes are highly conserved, and they map to the regions syntenic between mouse and human chromosomes. Human PRDX3 protein has an antioxidant function and is localized in the mitochondrion. PRDX3 is involved in redox regulation of the cell. PRDX3 protects radical-sensitive enzymes from oxidative damage by a radical-generating system. It acts synergistically with MAP3K13 to regulate the activation of NF-kappa-B in the cytosol.
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TMPH-00072 | 2-Cys Prx A Protein, Arabidopsis thaliana, Recombinant (His) | Arabidopsis thaliana | Yeast | ||
Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively. Plays a role in cell protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides. May be an antioxidant enzyme particularly in the developing shoot and photosynthesizing leaf.
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TMPY-03888 | KEAP1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & GST) | Human | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, also known as a cytosolic inhibitor of Nrf2, Kelch-like protein 19, KEAP1, and INRF2, is a cytoplasm and nucleus protein that contains one BACK (BTB/Kelch associated) domain, one BTB (POZ) domain, and six Kelch repeats. KEAP1 / INRF2 is broadly expressed, with the highest levels in skeletal muscle. KEAP1 / INRF2 is a key regulator of the NRF2 transcription factor, which transactivates the antioxidant response element (ARE) and upregulates numerous proteins involved in antioxidant defense. Under basal conditions, KEAP1 / INRF2 targets NRF2 for ubiquitination and proteolytic degradation and as such is responsible for the rapid turnover of NRF2. KEAP1 / INRF2 retains NFE2L2 / NRF2 in the cytosol. KEAP1 / INRF2 functions as a substrate adapter protein for the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex formed by CUL3 and RBX1. It targets NFE2L2 / NRF2 for ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome, thus resulting in the suppression of its transcriptional activity and the repression of antioxidant response element-mediated detoxifying enzyme gene expression. KEAP1 / INRF2 may also retain BPTF in the cytosol. It targets PGAM5 for ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome.
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TMPY-03432 | KEAP1 Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, also known as a cytosolic inhibitor of Nrf2, Kelch-like protein 19, KEAP1, and INRF2, is a cytoplasm and nucleus protein that contains one BACK (BTB/Kelch associated) domain, one BTB (POZ) domain, and six Kelch repeats. KEAP1 / INRF2 is broadly expressed, with the highest levels in skeletal muscle. KEAP1 / INRF2 is a key regulator of the NRF2 transcription factor, which transactivates the antioxidant response element (ARE) and upregulates numerous proteins involved in antioxidant defense. Under basal conditions, KEAP1 / INRF2 targets NRF2 for ubiquitination and proteolytic degradation and as such is responsible for the rapid turnover of NRF2. KEAP1 / INRF2 retains NFE2L2 / NRF2 in the cytosol. KEAP1 / INRF2 functions as a substrate adapter protein for the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex formed by CUL3 and RBX1. It targets NFE2L2 / NRF2 for ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome, thus resulting in the suppression of its transcriptional activity and the repression of antioxidant response element-mediated detoxifying enzyme gene expression. KEAP1 / INRF2 may also retain BPTF in the cytosol. It targets PGAM5 for ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome.
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TMPY-02101 | KEAP1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & GST & Avi) | Human | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, also known as a cytosolic inhibitor of Nrf2, Kelch-like protein 19, KEAP1, and INRF2, is a cytoplasm and nucleus protein that contains one BACK (BTB/Kelch associated) domain, one BTB (POZ) domain, and six Kelch repeats. KEAP1 / INRF2 is broadly expressed, with the highest levels in skeletal muscle. KEAP1 / INRF2 is a key regulator of the NRF2 transcription factor, which transactivates the antioxidant response element (ARE) and upregulates numerous proteins involved in antioxidant defense. Under basal conditions, KEAP1 / INRF2 targets NRF2 for ubiquitination and proteolytic degradation and as such is responsible for the rapid turnover of NRF2. KEAP1 / INRF2 retains NFE2L2 / NRF2 in the cytosol. KEAP1 / INRF2 functions as a substrate adapter protein for the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex formed by CUL3 and RBX1. It targets NFE2L2 / NRF2 for ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome, thus resulting in the suppression of its transcriptional activity and the repression of antioxidant response element-mediated detoxifying enzyme gene expression. KEAP1 / INRF2 may also retain BPTF in the cytosol. It targets PGAM5 for ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome.
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TMPK-00347 | Serum Albumin Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Human serum albumin (HSA), the most prominent protein in plasma, binds different classes of ligands at multiple sites. HSA provides a depot for many compounds, affects pharmacokinetics of many drugs, holds some ligands in a strained orientation providing their metabolic modification, renders potential toxins harmless transporting them to disposal sites, accounts for most of the antioxidant capacity of human serum, and acts as a NO-carrier.
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TMPH-00227 | Beta-casein Protein, Bovine, Recombinant (His & Myc) | Bovine | E. coli | ||
Important role in determination of the surface properties of the casein micelles.; Casoparan acts as a macrophage activator, increasing the phagocytic activity of macrophages and peroxide release from macrophages. It also acts as a bradykinin-potentiating peptide.; Casohypotensin acts as a bradykinin-potentiating peptide. Induces hypotension in rats. Acts as a strong competitive inhibitor of endo-oligopeptidase A.; Antioxidant peptide has antioxidant activity.
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TMPH-01397 | LANCL1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc) | Human | E. coli | ||
Functions as glutathione transferase. Catalyzes conjugation of the glutathione (GSH) to artificial substrates 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and p-nitrophenyl acetate. Mitigates neuronal oxidative stress during normal postnatal development and in response to oxidative stresses probably through GSH antioxidant defense mechanism. May play a role in EPS8 signaling. Binds glutathione.
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TMPK-00348 | Serum Albumin Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi), Biotinylated | Human | HEK293 | ||
Human serum albumin (HSA), the most prominent protein in plasma, binds different classes of ligands at multiple sites. HSA provides a depot for many compounds, affects pharmacokinetics of many drugs, holds some ligands in a strained orientation providing their metabolic modification, renders potential toxins harmless transporting them to disposal sites, accounts for most of the antioxidant capacity of human serum, and acts as a NO-carrier.
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TMPY-02208 | Peroxiredoxin 5 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Peroxiredoxin-5, also known as Alu corepressor 1, Antioxidant enzyme B166, Liver tissue 2D-page spot 71B, Peroxisomal antioxidant enzyme, Thioredoxin peroxidase PMP20, Thioredoxin reductase, PRDX5 and ACR1, is cytoplasm protein that belongs to the peroxiredoxin 2 family. Peroxiredoxin-5 / PRDX5 reduces hydrogen peroxide and alkyl hydroperoxides with reducing equivalents provided through the thioredoxin system. Peroxiredoxin-5 / PRDX5 is involved in intracellular redox signaling. The Peroxiredoxins / Prx are a family of 25 kDa peroxidases that can reduce H2O2 using an electron from thioredoxin (Trx) or other substances. The mammalian Peroxiredoxins / Prx family is divided into six groups ( PRDX1,PRDX2, PRDX3, PRDX4, PRDX5, PRDX6 ) on the basis of homology of amino acid sequences. They are located in the cytosol and play a role in the cell signaling system. All six mammalian peroxiredoxins are expressed in the lung. Peroxiredoxins / Prx is overexpressed in breast cancer tissues to a great extent suggesting that Peroxiredoxins / Prx has a proliferative effect and may be related to cancer development or progression.
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TMPY-02201 | Peroxiredoxin 6 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
PRDX6, a member of antioxidant protein superfamily, plays an important role in oxidative stress, catabolism of lipids and phospholipid lipisomes. Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) is involved in redox regulation of the cell and is thought to be protective against oxidant injury. Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) is a bifunctional protein with both glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and iPLA2 activities,which are concomitantly increased with the expression of PRDX6. PRDX6 promoted lung tumor growth in an in vivo allograft model.
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TMPY-02462 | Peroxiredoxin 5 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) | Mouse | E. coli | ||
Peroxiredoxin-5, also known as Alu corepressor 1, Antioxidant enzyme B166, Liver tissue 2D-page spot 71B, Peroxisomal antioxidant enzyme, Thioredoxin peroxidase PMP20, Thioredoxin reductase, PRDX5 and ACR1, is cytoplasm protein that belongs to the peroxiredoxin 2 family. Peroxiredoxin-5 / PRDX5 reduces hydrogen peroxide and alkyl hydroperoxides with reducing equivalents provided through the thioredoxin system. Peroxiredoxin-5 / PRDX5 is involved in intracellular redox signaling. The Peroxiredoxins / Prx are a family of 25 kDa peroxidases that can reduce H2O2 using an electron from thioredoxin (Trx) or other substances. The mammalian Peroxiredoxins / Prx family is divided into six groups ( PRDX1,PRDX2, PRDX3, PRDX4, PRDX5, PRDX6 ) on the basis of homology of amino acid sequences. They are located in the cytosol and play a role in the cell signaling system. All six mammalian peroxiredoxins are expressed in the lung. Peroxiredoxins / Prx is overexpressed in breast cancer tissues to a great extent suggesting that Peroxiredoxins / Prx has a proliferative effect and may be related to cancer development or progression.
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TMPH-01080 | Ceruloplasmin Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc) | Human | E. coli | ||
Ceruloplasmin is a blue, copper-binding (6-7 atoms per molecule) glycoprotein. It has ferroxidase activity oxidizing Fe(2+) to Fe(3+) without releasing radical oxygen species. It is involved in iron transport across the cell membrane. Provides Cu(2+) ions for the ascorbate-mediated deaminase degradation of the heparan sulfate chains of GPC1. May also play a role in fetal lung development or pulmonary antioxidant defense.
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TMPY-02084 | Thioredoxin 2/TRX2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Thioredoxin-2, also known as TXN2, MTRX and TRX2, is a member of the thioredoxin family. Tryparedoxins (TXN) are thioredoxin-related proteins which, as trypanothione:peroxiredoxin oxidoreductases, constitute the trypanothione-dependent antioxidant defense and may also serve as substrates for ribonucleotide reductase in trypanosomatids. Thioredoxin-2 / TXN2 contains one thioredoxin domain. It is widely expressed in adult (at protein level) and fetal tissues. Human Thioredoxin-2 / TXN2 is a small redox protein important in cellular antioxidant defenses, as well as in the regulation of apoptosis. Thioredoxin-2 / TXN2 has an anti-apoptotic function and plays an important role in the regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential. Thioredoxin-2 / TXN2 could be involved in the resistance to anti-tumor agents. It possesses a dithiol-reducing activity. Thioredoxin-2 / TXN2 plays an important role in protecting the mitochondria against oxidative stress and in sensitizing the cells to ROS-induced apoptosis. Mammalian Thioredoxin-2 / TXN2 is a mitochondrial isoform of highly evolutionary conserved thioredoxins. Thioredoxins are small ubiquitous protein-disulfide oxidoreductases implicated in a large variety of biological functions.
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TMPH-02701 | Haptoglobin Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) | Mouse | E. coli | ||
As a result of hemolysis, hemoglobin is found to accumulate in the kidney and is secreted in the urine. Haptoglobin captures, and combines with free plasma hemoglobin to allow hepatic recycling of heme iron and to prevent kidney damage. Haptoglobin also acts as an antioxidant, has antibacterial activity and plays a role in modulating many aspects of the acute phase response. Hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes are rapidly cleared by the macrophage CD163 scavenger receptor expressed on the surface of liver Kupfer cells through an endocytic lysosomal degradation pathway.
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TMPY-06971 | GGT1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
GGT1 belongs to the gamma-glutamyltransferase protein family. Many members of this family have not yet been fully characterized and some of which may represent pseudogenes. GGT1 is composed of a heavy chain and a light chain. It catalyzes the transfer of the glutamyl moiety of glutathione to a variety of amino acids and dipeptide acceptors. GGT1 also initiates extracellular glutathione (GSH) breakdown, provides cells with a local cysteine supply and contributes to maintain intracelular GSH level. As part of the cell antioxidant defense mechanism, GGT1 can be detected in fetal and adult kidney and liver, adult pancreas, stomach, intestine, placenta and lung. Defects in GGT1 can cause glutathionuria which is known as an autosomal recessive disease.
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TMPY-03115 | GGT1 Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His) | Rat | HEK293 | ||
GGT1 belongs to the gamma-glutamyltransferase protein family. Many members of this family have not yet been fully characterized and some of which may represent pseudogenes. GGT1 is composed of a heavy chain and a light chain. It catalyzes the transfer of the glutamyl moiety of glutathione to a variety of amino acids and dipeptide acceptors. GGT1 also initiates extracellular glutathione (GSH) breakdown, provides cells with a local cysteine supply and contributes to maintain intracelular GSH level. As part of the cell antioxidant defense mechanism, GGT1 can be detected in fetal and adult kidney and liver, adult pancreas, stomach, intestine, placenta and lung. Defects in GGT1 can cause glutathionuria which is known as an autosomal recessive disease.
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TMPJ-00729 | Haptoglobin Protein, Human, Recombinant (N-His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Haptoglobin(HP) is a secreted protein which is a member of the peptidase S1 family of serine proteases. As a result of hemolysis, hemoglobin is found to accumulate in the kidney and is secreted in the urine. Haptoglobin captures, and combines with free plasma hemoglobin to allow hepatic recycling of heme iron and to prevent kidney damage. Haptoglobin also acts as an Antimicrobial; Antioxidant has antibacterial activity and plays a role in modulating many aspects of the acute phase response. Hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes are rapidely cleared by the macrophage CD163 scavenger receptor expressed on the surface of liver Kupfer cells through an endocytic lysosomal degradation pathway. Uncleaved haptoglogin, also known as zonulin, plays a role in intestinal permeability, allowing intercellular tight junction disassembly, and controlling the equilibrium between tolerance and immunity to non-self antigens.
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TMPJ-00730 | Haptoglobin Protein, Human, Recombinant (C-His) | Human | Human Cells | ||
Haptoglobin(HP) is a secreted protein which is a member of the peptidase S1 family of serine proteases. As a result of hemolysis, hemoglobin is found to accumulate in the kidney and is secreted in the urine. Haptoglobin captures, and combines with free plasma hemoglobin to allow hepatic recycling of heme iron and to prevent kidney damage. Haptoglobin also acts as an Antimicrobial; Antioxidant has antibacterial activity and plays a role in modulating many aspects of the acute phase response. Hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes are rapidely cleared by the macrophage CD163 scavenger receptor expressed on the surface of liver Kupfer cells through an endocytic lysosomal degradation pathway. Uncleaved haptoglogin, also known as zonulin, plays a role in intestinal permeability, allowing intercellular tight junction disassembly, and controlling the equilibrium between tolerance and immunity to non-self antigens.
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TMPJ-00886 | ATF1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-1(ATF1) which contains 1 bZIP (basic-leucine zipper) domain and 1 KID (kinase-inducible) domain, belongs to the bZIP family. It influences cellular physiologic processes by regulating the expression of downstream target genes, which are related to growth, survival, and other cellular activities. ATF1 binds the cAMP response element (CRE) (consensus: 5'-GTGACGT[AC][AG]-3'), a sequence present in many viral and cellular promoters. It also binds to the Tax-responsive element (TRE) of HTLV-I. ATF1 mediates PKA-induced stimulation of CRE-reporter genes, represses the expression of FTH1 and other antioxidant detoxification genes, triggers cell proliferation and transformation. ATF1 is phosphorylated at serine 63 in its kinase-inducible domain by serine/threonine kinases, cAMP-dependent protein kinase A, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I/II, mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase and CDK3. Its phosphorylation enhances its transactivation and transcriptional activities, and enhances cell transformation.
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TMPJ-01106 | NAD(P) transhydrogenase/NNT Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
NAD(P)+transhydrogenase (NNT) is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane and catalyzes a reversible hydride transfer between NAD(H) and NADP(H) that is coupled to proton translocation between the intermembrane space and mitochondrial matrix. NNT activity has an essential role in maintaining the NADPH supply for antioxidant defense and biosynthetic pathways. Structurally, NNT is composed of three domains; domains I and III are hydrophilic and have binding sites for NAD and NADP, respectively, while domain II is hydrophobic and is a transmembrane pathway through which protons translocate. NNT forms dimers, whose monomers act in an anti-phase way; domain III (NADP(H)- binding) flips, allowing proton translocation across the inner mitochondrial membrane one moment and favoring hydride transfer between NAD(H) and NADP(H) the next. And NNT pathophysiological roles after the discovery of a spontaneous Nnt mutation in C57BL/6J mice. And Nnt silencing reduced the growth of cancer cell lines, suggesting that NNT might be a therapeutic target in some cancers.
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TMPY-01276 | Peroxiredoxin 1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Peroxiredoxin-1, also known as Thioredoxin peroxidase 2, Natural killer cell-enhancing factor A, PRDX1, and PAGA, is a member of the ahpC/TSA family. Peroxiredoxin-1 is constitutively expressed in most human cells. It is induced to higher levels upon serum stimulation in untransformed and transformed cells. Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) are a family of antioxidant enzymes that are also known as scavengers of peroxide in mammalian cells. The overexpression of Peroxiredoxin-1, which is one of the peroxiredoxins that is a ubiquitously expressed protein, was related to a poor prognosis in several types of human cancers. Peroxiredoxin-1 is involved in redox regulation of the cell. It reduces peroxides with reducing equivalents provided through the thioredoxin system but not from glutaredoxin and may play an important role in eliminating peroxides generated during metabolism. Peroxiredoxin-1 Might participate in the signaling cascades of growth factors and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by regulating the intracellular concentrations of H2O2. The reduced Peroxiredoxin-1 expression is an important factor in esophageal squamous cancer progression and could serve as a useful prognostic marker.
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TMPY-00186 | GHRH Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
The role of hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) in the release of growth hormone (GH) from the pituitary is well established. Extra-hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) plays an important role in infertility. Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) has recently been shown to increase the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and activate GABA receptors (GABARs) in the cerebral cortex. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that can inhibit seizures. GHRH may play an important role in inhibiting seizures by activating GABAARs. GHRH is produced by tumor cells, acts in an autocrine/paracrine manner, and requires the presence of GHRH receptor (GHRH-R) on the tumor cells to exert its effects. GHRH activity can be effectively blocked by synthetic antagonists of its receptor and hence, the expression of GHRH-R by tumor cells could serve as a predictor of response to GHRH-R antagonist therapy. The neurovascular protective effect of GHRH analogs during the early stage of diabetic retinopathy through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. GHRH antagonists can be a therapeutic option for thyroid cancer patients.
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TMPY-02372 | Peroxiredoxin 1 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) | Mouse | E. coli | ||
Peroxiredoxin-1, also known as Thioredoxin peroxidase 2, Natural killer cell-enhancing factor A, PRDX1, and PAGA, is a member of the ahpC/TSA family. Peroxiredoxin-1 is constitutively expressed in most human cells. It is induced to higher levels upon serum stimulation in untransformed and transformed cells. Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) are a family of antioxidant enzymes that are also known as scavengers of peroxide in mammalian cells. The overexpression of Peroxiredoxin-1, which is one of the peroxiredoxins that is a ubiquitously expressed protein, was related to a poor prognosis in several types of human cancers. Peroxiredoxin-1 is involved in redox regulation of the cell. It reduces peroxides with reducing equivalents provided through the thioredoxin system but not from glutaredoxin and may play an important role in eliminating peroxides generated during metabolism. Peroxiredoxin-1 Might participate in the signaling cascades of growth factors and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by regulating the intracellular concentrations of H2O2. The reduced Peroxiredoxin-1 expression is an important factor in esophageal squamous cancer progression and could serve as a useful prognostic marker.
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TMPY-02200 | Peroxiredoxin 2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
Peroxiredoxin-2, also known as Natural killer cell-enhancing factor B, NKEF-B, Thiol-specific antioxidant protein, Thioredoxin peroxidase 1, Thioredoxin-dependent peroxide reductase 1, PRDX2 and NKEFB, is a cytoplasm protein that belongs to the ahpC / TSA family. Peroxiredoxin-2 / PRDX2 contains one thioredoxin domain. Peroxiredoxin-2 / PRDX2 is involved in redox regulation of the cell. It reduces peroxides with reducing equivalents provided through the thioredoxin system. Peroxiredoxin-2 / PRDX2 is not able to receive electrons from glutaredoxin. It may play an important role in eliminating peroxides generated during metabolism. Peroxiredoxin-2 / PRDX2 might participate in the signaling cascades of growth factors and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by regulating the intracellular concentrations of H2O2. The Peroxiredoxins / Prx are a family of peroxidases that can reduce H2O2 using an electron from thioredoxin (Trx) or other substances. The mammalian Peroxiredoxins / Prx family is divided into six groups (PRDX1,PRDX2, PRDX3, PRDX4, PRDX5, PRDX6) on the basis of homology of amino acid sequences. They are located in the cytosol and play a role in the cell signaling system. All six mammalian peroxiredoxins are expressed in the lung. Peroxiredoxins / Prx is overexpressed in breast cancer tissues to a great extent suggesting that Peroxiredoxins / Prx has a proliferative effect and may be related to cancer development or progression.
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TMPY-05169 | Peroxiredoxin 2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) | Mouse | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
Peroxiredoxin-2, also known as Natural killer cell-enhancing factor B, NKEF-B, Thiol-specific antioxidant protein, Thioredoxin peroxidase 1, Thioredoxin-dependent peroxide reductase 1, PRDX2 and NKEFB, is a cytoplasm protein that belongs to the ahpC / TSA family. Peroxiredoxin-2 / PRDX2 contains one thioredoxin domain. Peroxiredoxin-2 / PRDX2 is involved in redox regulation of the cell. It reduces peroxides with reducing equivalents provided through the thioredoxin system. Peroxiredoxin-2 / PRDX2 is not able to receive electrons from glutaredoxin. It may play an important role in eliminating peroxides generated during metabolism. Peroxiredoxin-2 / PRDX2 might participate in the signaling cascades of growth factors and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by regulating the intracellular concentrations of H2O2. The Peroxiredoxins / Prx are a family of peroxidases that can reduce H2O2 using an electron from thioredoxin (Trx) or other substances. The mammalian Peroxiredoxins / Prx family is divided into six groups (PRDX1,PRDX2, PRDX3, PRDX4, PRDX5, PRDX6) on the basis of homology of amino acid sequences. They are located in the cytosol and play a role in the cell signaling system. All six mammalian peroxiredoxins are expressed in the lung. Peroxiredoxins / Prx is overexpressed in breast cancer tissues to a great extent suggesting that Peroxiredoxins / Prx has a proliferative effect and may be related to cancer development or progression.
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TMPH-00097 | AtAER Protein, Arabidopsis thaliana, Recombinant (His & SUMO) | Arabidopsis thaliana | E. coli | ||
Involved in the detoxification of reactive carbonyls. Acts on lipid peroxide-derived reactive aldehydes. Specific to a double bond activated by an adjacent carbonyl group. Can use both quinones and diamide as substrates, but not menadione, ferricyanide or phylloquinone. Can use 4-hydroxy-(2E)-nonenal (HNE), 4-hydroxy-(2E)-hexenal (HHE), (2E)-nonenal, (2E)-hexenal, (2E)-pentenal, propenal (acrolein), 3-buten-2-one and 3-penten-2-one, but not (R)-(-)-carvone, n-nonanal, n-hexanal, (3Z)-hexanal, cyclohex-2-en-1-one or 12-oxo phytodienoic acid (OPDA) as electron acceptors. Catalyzes the reduction of the alpha,beta-unsaturated bond of 2-alkenals, of lipid peroxide-derived oxenes 9-oxo-10(E),12(Z)-octadecadienoic acid (9-KODE) and 13-oxo-9(Z),11(E)-octadecadienoic acid (13-KODE), as well as 4-oxo-(2E)-nonenal and 4-hydroxynonenal. Can use 12-oxo-10(E) dodecanoate (traumatin), trans-1,3 diphenyl-2-propenone, trans-1,4-diphenyl-2-butene-1,4-dione, 9-oxo-12,13-epoxy-(10E)-octadecenoic acid (trans-EKODE-1b) and 9,13-dihydroxy-10-oxo-11-octadecenoic acid as substrates. Catalyzes the reduction of the 7-8 double bond of phenylpropanal substrates, such as p-coumaryl aldehyde and coniferyl aldehyde (in vitro). Has activity towards toxic substrates, such as 4-hydroxy-(2E)-nonenal (in vitro). May play a distinct role in plant antioxidant defense and is possibly involved in NAD(P)/NAD(P)H homeostasis.
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TMPY-02299 | ALDH3A1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 (ALDH3A1) is a metabolic enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of various aldehydes. Certain types of epithelial tissues in mammals, especially those continually exposed to environmental stress (e.g., corneal epithelium), express ALDH3A1 at high levels and its abundance in such tissues is perceived to help to maintain cellular homeostasis under conditions of oxidative stress. Metabolic as well as non-metabolic roles for ALDH3A1 have been associated with its mediated resistance to cellular oxidative stress. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) and ALDH3A1 are corneal crystallins. They protect inner ocular tissues from ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced oxidative damage through catalytic and non-catalytic mechanisms. Additionally, ALDH3A1 has been postulated to play a regulatory role in the corneal epithelium based on several studies that report an inverse association between ALDH3A1 expression and corneal cell proliferation. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 (ALDH3A1) plays an important role in many cellular oxidative processes, including cancer chemoresistance, by metabolizing activated forms of oxazaphosphorine drugs such as cyclophosphamide (CP) and its analogues, such as mafosfamide (MF), ifosfamide (IFM), and 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HPCP). Compounds that can selectively target ALDH3A1 could permit delineation of its roles in these processes and could restore chemosensitivity in cancer cells that express this isoenzyme. ALDH3A1 may act to protect corneal cells against cellular oxidative damage by metabolizing toxic lipid peroxidation products (e.g., 4-HNE), maintaining cellular GSH levels and redox balance, and operating as an antioxidant.
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TMPH-00098 | AtAER Protein, Arabidopsis thaliana, Recombinant | Arabidopsis thaliana | E. coli | ||
Involved in the detoxification of reactive carbonyls. Acts on lipid peroxide-derived reactive aldehydes. Specific to a double bond activated by an adjacent carbonyl group. Can use both quinones and diamide as substrates, but not menadione, ferricyanide or phylloquinone. Can use 4-hydroxy-(2E)-nonenal (HNE), 4-hydroxy-(2E)-hexenal (HHE), (2E)-nonenal, (2E)-hexenal, (2E)-pentenal, propenal (acrolein), 3-buten-2-one and 3-penten-2-one, but not (R)-(-)-carvone, n-nonanal, n-hexanal, (3Z)-hexanal, cyclohex-2-en-1-one or 12-oxo phytodienoic acid (OPDA) as electron acceptors. Catalyzes the reduction of the alpha,beta-unsaturated bond of 2-alkenals, of lipid peroxide-derived oxenes 9-oxo-10(E),12(Z)-octadecadienoic acid (9-KODE) and 13-oxo-9(Z),11(E)-octadecadienoic acid (13-KODE), as well as 4-oxo-(2E)-nonenal and 4-hydroxynonenal. Can use 12-oxo-10(E) dodecanoate (traumatin), trans-1,3 diphenyl-2-propenone, trans-1,4-diphenyl-2-butene-1,4-dione, 9-oxo-12,13-epoxy-(10E)-octadecenoic acid (trans-EKODE-1b) and 9,13-dihydroxy-10-oxo-11-octadecenoic acid as substrates. Catalyzes the reduction of the 7-8 double bond of phenylpropanal substrates, such as p-coumaryl aldehyde and coniferyl aldehyde (in vitro). Has activity towards toxic substrates, such as 4-hydroxy-(2E)-nonenal (in vitro). May play a distinct role in plant antioxidant defense and is possibly involved in NAD(P)/NAD(P)H homeostasis.
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TMPH-01788 | NFE2L2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Transcription factor that plays a key role in the response to oxidative stress: binds to antioxidant response (ARE) elements present in the promoter region of many cytoprotective genes, such as phase 2 detoxifying enzymes, and promotes their expression, thereby neutralizing reactive electrophiles. In normal conditions, ubiquitinated and degraded in the cytoplasm by the BCR(KEAP1) complex. In response to oxidative stress, electrophile metabolites inhibit activity of the BCR(KEAP1) complex, promoting nuclear accumulation of NFE2L2/NRF2, heterodimerization with one of the small Maf proteins and binding to ARE elements of cytoprotective target genes. The NFE2L2/NRF2 pathway is also activated in response to selective autophagy: autophagy promotes interaction between KEAP1 and SQSTM1/p62 and subsequent inactivation of the BCR(KEAP1) complex, leading to NFE2L2/NRF2 nuclear accumulation and expression of cytoprotective genes. May also be involved in the transcriptional activation of genes of the beta-globin cluster by mediating enhancer activity of hypersensitive site 2 of the beta-globin locus control region. Plays also an important role in the regulation of the innate immune response and antiviral cytosolic DNA sensing. It is a critical regulator of the innate immune response and survival during sepsis by maintaining redox homeostasis and restraint of the dysregulation of proinflammatory signaling pathways like MyD88-dependent and -independent and TNF-alpha signaling. Suppresses macrophage inflammatory response by blocking proinflammatory cytokine transcription and the induction of IL6. Binds to the proximity of proinflammatory genes in macrophages and inhibits RNA Pol II recruitment. The inhibition is independent of the NRF2-binding motif and reactive oxygen species level. Represses antiviral cytosolic DNA sensing by suppressing the expression of the adapter protein STING1 and decreasing responsiveness to STING1 agonists while increasing susceptibility to infection with DNA viruses. Once activated, limits the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection and to virus-derived ligands through a mechanism that involves inhibition of IRF3 dimerization. Also inhibits both SARS-CoV-2 replication, as well as the replication of several other pathogenic viruses including Herpes Simplex Virus-1 and-2, Vaccinia virus, and Zika virus through a type I interferon (IFN)-independent mechanism.
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