目录号 | 产品详情 | 靶点 | |
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T0134 | SARS-CoV TLR Autophagy HSV | ||
Imiquimod (R 837) 是一种免疫反应修饰剂,可作为 toll 样受体7 激动剂。它有抗病毒和抗肿瘤作用,可研究外生殖器、肛周疣、癌症和 COVID-19。 | |||
T21444 | Others | ||
Diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP) 是局部免疫调节剂,可用于研究斑秃。 | |||
T1121 | Microtubule Associated Topoisomerase | ||
Podofilox ((+)-Shikonin) 是从八角莲中分离的一种木脂素,是微管组装和 DNA 拓扑异构酶 II 抑制剂。它对皮肤和粘膜有很强的刺激性,具有角质溶解作用,可用于治疗疣和角化病,具有潜在的抗肿瘤特性。 | |||
T22862 | Others | ||
Imiquimod maleate is an immune response modifier. It acts as a toll-like receptor 7 agonists and is commonly used topically to treat warts on the skin of the genital and anal areas. | |||
T22091 | |||
Imiquimod hydrochloride (R 837 hydrochloride)是一种免疫反应调节剂,是一种选择性的 toll 样受体 7 (TLR7) 激动剂。Imiquimod hydrochloride 在体内表现出抗病毒和抗肿瘤作用。Imiquimod hydrochloride 可用于外生殖器、肛周疣、癌症和 COVID-19 的研究。 |
目录号 | 产品名/同用名 | 种属 | 表达系统 | ||
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TMPY-05411 | Human Papilloma Virus type 58 (HPV 58) L1 Protein-VLP | HPV | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
Papillomaviruses are highly species-specific and can cause squamous epithelial and fibroepithelial tumors in their hosts. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are associated with benign and malignant hyperproliferation of cells, with a wide variety of clinical manifestations ranging from condyloma acuminatum to cervical carcinoma. HPV infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease. More than 4 HPV types so far identified are known to infect the genital tract. Genital HPVs are divided into `low risk' HPVs such as HPV 6 and 11 and ‘high risk’ HPV types such as 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45 and 52, 58 which are responsible for more than 95% of HPV-induced cervical cancer. Vaccination against these high-risk types seems to be the most feasible prevention for cervical cancer. Indeed, clinical trials have shown prophylactic HPV vaccines to be effective against HPV infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and genital warts, but protection is type-specific and the currently developed vaccines target only a few types. These vaccines are based on papillomavirus-like particles (VLPs) composed of the major capsid protein, L1. The L1 protein self assembles into VLPs when expressed at high levels in eukaryotic or insect cells. VLPs are composed of 36 copies of L1 protein organized into 72 pentamers, so-called capsomeres, to form particles that are immunologically indistinguishable from native virions. Experimentally induced VLP antisera are mostly type-specific for neutralization. Minor cross-neutralization has been observed only between closely related HPV types, e.g. HPV6 and 11, HPV18 and 45, or HPV16 and 31. Structure analysis has revealed the presence of several hypervariable loops on the outer surface of the capsid. With a few exceptions, all HPV-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies analyzed so far are type-specific and recognize conformational epitopes within surface-exposed hypervariable loops of the major capsid protein L1.
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TMPY-05399 | Human Papilloma Virus type 6 (HPV 6) L1 Protein-VLP | HPV | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
Papillomaviruses are highly species-specific and can cause squamous epithelial and fibroepithelial tumors in their hosts. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are associated with benign and malignant hyperproliferation of cells, with a wide variety of clinical manifestations ranging from condyloma acuminatum to cervical carcinoma. HPV infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease. More than 4 HPV types so far identified are known to infect the genital tract. Genital HPVs are divided into `low risk' HPVs such as HPV 6 and 11 and ‘high risk’ HPV types such as 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45 and 52, 58 which are responsible for more than 95% of HPV-induced cervical cancer. Vaccination against these high-risk types seems to be the most feasible prevention for cervical cancer. Indeed, clinical trials have shown prophylactic HPV vaccines to be effective against HPV infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and genital warts, but protection is type-specific and the currently developed vaccines target only a few types. These vaccines are based on papillomavirus-like particles (VLPs) composed of the major capsid protein, L1. The L1 protein self assembles into VLPs when expressed at high levels in eukaryotic or insect cells. VLPs are composed of 36 copies of L1 protein organized into 72 pentamers, so-called capsomeres, to form particles that are immunologically indistinguishable from native virions. Experimentally induced VLP antisera are mostly type-specific for neutralization. Minor cross-neutralization has been observed only between closely related HPV types, e.g. HPV6 and 11, HPV18 and 45, or HPV16 and 31. Structure analysis has revealed the presence of several hypervariable loops on the outer surface of the capsid. With a few exceptions, all HPV-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies analyzed so far are type-specific and recognize conformational epitopes within surface-exposed hypervariable loops of the major capsid protein L1.
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TMPY-05405 | Human Papilloma Virus type 35 (HPV 35) L1 Protein-VLP | HPV | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
Papillomaviruses are highly species-specific and can cause squamous epithelial and fibroepithelial tumors in their hosts. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are associated with benign and malignant hyperproliferation of cells, with a wide variety of clinical manifestations ranging from condyloma acuminatum to cervical carcinoma. HPV infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease. More than 4 HPV types so far identified are known to infect the genital tract. Genital HPVs are divided into `low risk' HPVs such as HPV 6 and 11 and ‘high risk’ HPV types such as 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45 and 52, 58 which are responsible for more than 95% of HPV-induced cervical cancer. Vaccination against these high-risk types seems to be the most feasible prevention for cervical cancer. Indeed, clinical trials have shown prophylactic HPV vaccines to be effective against HPV infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and genital warts, but protection is type-specific and the currently developed vaccines target only a few types. These vaccines are based on papillomavirus-like particles (VLPs) composed of the major capsid protein, L1. The L1 protein self assembles into VLPs when expressed at high levels in eukaryotic or insect cells. VLPs are composed of 36 copies of L1 protein organized into 72 pentamers, so-called capsomeres, to form particles that are immunologically indistinguishable from native virions. Experimentally induced VLP antisera are mostly type-specific for neutralization. Minor cross-neutralization has been observed only between closely related HPV types, e.g. HPV6 and 11, HPV18 and 45, or HPV16 and 31. Structure analysis has revealed the presence of several hypervariable loops on the outer surface of the capsid. With a few exceptions, all HPV-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies analyzed so far are type-specific and recognize conformational epitopes within surface-exposed hypervariable loops of the major capsid protein L1.
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TMPY-05400 | Human Papilloma Virus type 11 (HPV 11) L1 Protein-VLP | HPV | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
Papillomaviruses are highly species-specific and can cause squamous epithelial and fibroepithelial tumors in their hosts. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are associated with benign and malignant hyperproliferation of cells, with a wide variety of clinical manifestations ranging from condyloma acuminatum to cervical carcinoma. HPV infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease. More than 4 HPV types so far identified are known to infect the genital tract. Genital HPVs are divided into `low risk' HPVs such as HPV 6 and 11 and ‘high risk’ HPV types such as 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45 and 52, 58 which are responsible for more than 95% of HPV-induced cervical cancer. Vaccination against these high-risk types seems to be the most feasible prevention for cervical cancer. Indeed, clinical trials have shown prophylactic HPV vaccines to be effective against HPV infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and genital warts, but protection is type-specific and the currently developed vaccines target only a few types. These vaccines are based on papillomavirus-like particles (VLPs) composed of the major capsid protein, L1. The L1 protein self assembles into VLPs when expressed at high levels in eukaryotic or insect cells. VLPs are composed of 36 copies of L1 protein organized into 72 pentamers, so-called capsomeres, to form particles that are immunologically indistinguishable from native virions. Experimentally induced VLP antisera are mostly type-specific for neutralization. Minor cross-neutralization has been observed only between closely related HPV types, e.g. HPV6 and 11, HPV18 and 45, or HPV16 and 31. Structure analysis has revealed the presence of several hypervariable loops on the outer surface of the capsid. With a few exceptions, all HPV-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies analyzed so far are type-specific and recognize conformational epitopes within surface-exposed hypervariable loops of the major capsid protein L1.
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TMPY-05401 | Human Papilloma Virus type 16 (HPV 16) L1 Protein-VLP | HPV | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
Papillomaviruses are highly species-specific and can cause squamous epithelial and fibroepithelial tumors in their hosts. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are associated with benign and malignant hyperproliferation of cells, with a wide variety of clinical manifestations ranging from condyloma acuminatum to cervical carcinoma. HPV infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease. More than 4 HPV types so far identified are known to infect the genital tract. Genital HPVs are divided into `low risk' HPVs such as HPV 6 and 11 and ‘high risk’ HPV types such as 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45 and 52, 58 which are responsible for more than 95% of HPV-induced cervical cancer. Vaccination against these high-risk types seems to be the most feasible prevention for cervical cancer. Indeed, clinical trials have shown prophylactic HPV vaccines to be effective against HPV infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and genital warts, but protection is type-specific and the currently developed vaccines target only a few types. These vaccines are based on papillomavirus-like particles (VLPs) composed of the major capsid protein, L1. The L1 protein self assembles into VLPs when expressed at high levels in eukaryotic or insect cells. VLPs are composed of 36 copies of L1 protein organized into 72 pentamers, so-called capsomeres, to form particles that are immunologically indistinguishable from native virions. Experimentally induced VLP antisera are mostly type-specific for neutralization. Minor cross-neutralization has been observed only between closely related HPV types, e.g. HPV6 and 11, HPV18 and 45, or HPV16 and 31. Structure analysis has revealed the presence of several hypervariable loops on the outer surface of the capsid. With a few exceptions, all HPV-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies analyzed so far are type-specific and recognize conformational epitopes within surface-exposed hypervariable loops of the major capsid protein L1.
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TMPY-05403 | Human Papilloma Virus type 31 (HPV 31) L1 Protein-VLP | HPV | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
Papillomaviruses are highly species-specific and can cause squamous epithelial and fibroepithelial tumors in their hosts. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are associated with benign and malignant hyperproliferation of cells, with a wide variety of clinical manifestations ranging from condyloma acuminatum to cervical carcinoma. HPV infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease. More than 4 HPV types so far identified are known to infect the genital tract. Genital HPVs are divided into `low risk' HPVs such as HPV 6 and 11 and ‘high risk’ HPV types such as 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45 and 52, 58 which are responsible for more than 95% of HPV-induced cervical cancer. Vaccination against these high-risk types seems to be the most feasible prevention for cervical cancer. Indeed, clinical trials have shown prophylactic HPV vaccines to be effective against HPV infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and genital warts, but protection is type-specific and the currently developed vaccines target only a few types. These vaccines are based on papillomavirus-like particles (VLPs) composed of the major capsid protein, L1. The L1 protein self assembles into VLPs when expressed at high levels in eukaryotic or insect cells. VLPs are composed of 36 copies of L1 protein organized into 72 pentamers, so-called capsomeres, to form particles that are immunologically indistinguishable from native virions. Experimentally induced VLP antisera are mostly type-specific for neutralization. Minor cross-neutralization has been observed only between closely related HPV types, e.g. HPV6 and 11, HPV18 and 45, or HPV16 and 31. Structure analysis has revealed the presence of several hypervariable loops on the outer surface of the capsid. With a few exceptions, all HPV-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies analyzed so far are type-specific and recognize conformational epitopes within surface-exposed hypervariable loops of the major capsid protein L1.
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TMPY-05402 | Human Papilloma Virus type 18 (HPV 18) L1 Protein-VLP | HPV | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
Papillomaviruses are highly species-specific and can cause squamous epithelial and fibroepithelial tumors in their hosts. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are associated with benign and malignant hyperproliferation of cells, with a wide variety of clinical manifestations ranging from condyloma acuminatum to cervical carcinoma. HPV infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease. More than 4 HPV types so far identified are known to infect the genital tract. Genital HPVs are divided into `low risk' HPVs such as HPV 6 and 11 and ‘high risk’ HPV types such as 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45 and 52, 58 which are responsible for more than 95% of HPV-induced cervical cancer. Vaccination against these high-risk types seems to be the most feasible prevention for cervical cancer. Indeed, clinical trials have shown prophylactic HPV vaccines to be effective against HPV infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and genital warts, but protection is type-specific and the currently developed vaccines target only a few types. These vaccines are based on papillomavirus-like particles (VLPs) composed of the major capsid protein, L1. The L1 protein self assembles into VLPs when expressed at high levels in eukaryotic or insect cells. VLPs are composed of 36 copies of L1 protein organized into 72 pentamers, so-called capsomeres, to form particles that are immunologically indistinguishable from native virions. Experimentally induced VLP antisera are mostly type-specific for neutralization. Minor cross-neutralization has been observed only between closely related HPV types, e.g. HPV6 and 11, HPV18 and 45, or HPV16 and 31. Structure analysis has revealed the presence of several hypervariable loops on the outer surface of the capsid. With a few exceptions, all HPV-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies analyzed so far are type-specific and recognize conformational epitopes within surface-exposed hypervariable loops of the major capsid protein L1.
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TMPY-05409 | Human Papilloma Virus type 52 (HPV 52) L1 Protein-VLP | HPV | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
Papillomaviruses are highly species-specific and can cause squamous epithelial and fibroepithelial tumors in their hosts. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are associated with benign and malignant hyperproliferation of cells, with a wide variety of clinical manifestations ranging from condyloma acuminatum to cervical carcinoma. HPV infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease. More than 4 HPV types so far identified are known to infect the genital tract. Genital HPVs are divided into `low risk' HPVs such as HPV 6 and 11 and ‘high risk’ HPV types such as 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45 and 52, 58 which are responsible for more than 95% of HPV-induced cervical cancer. Vaccination against these high-risk types seems to be the most feasible prevention for cervical cancer. Indeed, clinical trials have shown prophylactic HPV vaccines to be effective against HPV infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and genital warts, but protection is type-specific and the currently developed vaccines target only a few types. These vaccines are based on papillomavirus-like particles (VLPs) composed of the major capsid protein, L1. The L1 protein self assembles into VLPs when expressed at high levels in eukaryotic or insect cells. VLPs are composed of 36 copies of L1 protein organized into 72 pentamers, so-called capsomeres, to form particles that are immunologically indistinguishable from native virions. Experimentally induced VLP antisera are mostly type-specific for neutralization. Minor cross-neutralization has been observed only between closely related HPV types, e.g. HPV6 and 11, HPV18 and 45, or HPV16 and 31. Structure analysis has revealed the presence of several hypervariable loops on the outer surface of the capsid. With a few exceptions, all HPV-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies analyzed so far are type-specific and recognize conformational epitopes within surface-exposed hypervariable loops of the major capsid protein L1.
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TMPY-05407 | Human Papilloma Virus type 45 (HPV 45) L1 Protein-VLP | HPV | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
Papillomaviruses are highly species-specific and can cause squamous epithelial and fibroepithelial tumors in their hosts. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are associated with benign and malignant hyperproliferation of cells, with a wide variety of clinical manifestations ranging from condyloma acuminatum to cervical carcinoma. HPV infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease. More than 4 HPV types so far identified are known to infect the genital tract. Genital HPVs are divided into `low risk' HPVs such as HPV 6 and 11 and ‘high risk’ HPV types such as 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45 and 52, 58 which are responsible for more than 95% of HPV-induced cervical cancer. Vaccination against these high-risk types seems to be the most feasible prevention for cervical cancer. Indeed, clinical trials have shown prophylactic HPV vaccines to be effective against HPV infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and genital warts, but protection is type-specific and the currently developed vaccines target only a few types. These vaccines are based on papillomavirus-like particles (VLPs) composed of the major capsid protein, L1. The L1 protein self assembles into VLPs when expressed at high levels in eukaryotic or insect cells. VLPs are composed of 36 copies of L1 protein organized into 72 pentamers, so-called capsomeres, to form particles that are immunologically indistinguishable from native virions. Experimentally induced VLP antisera are mostly type-specific for neutralization. Minor cross-neutralization has been observed only between closely related HPV types, e.g. HPV6 and 11, HPV18 and 45, or HPV16 and 31. Structure analysis has revealed the presence of several hypervariable loops on the outer surface of the capsid. With a few exceptions, all HPV-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies analyzed so far are type-specific and recognize conformational epitopes within surface-exposed hypervariable loops of the major capsid protein L1.
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TMPY-05410 | Human Papilloma Virus type 56 (HPV 56) L1 Protein-VLP | HPV | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
Papillomaviruses are highly species-specific and can cause squamous epithelial and fibroepithelial tumors in their hosts. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are associated with benign and malignant hyperproliferation of cells, with a wide variety of clinical manifestations ranging from condyloma acuminatum to cervical carcinoma. HPV infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease. More than 4 HPV types so far identified are known to infect the genital tract. Genital HPVs are divided into `low risk' HPVs such as HPV 6 and 11 and ‘high risk’ HPV types such as 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45 and 52, 58 which are responsible for more than 95% of HPV-induced cervical cancer. Vaccination against these high-risk types seems to be the most feasible prevention for cervical cancer. Indeed, clinical trials have shown prophylactic HPV vaccines to be effective against HPV infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and genital warts, but protection is type-specific and the currently developed vaccines target only a few types. These vaccines are based on papillomavirus-like particles (VLPs) composed of the major capsid protein, L1. The L1 protein self assembles into VLPs when expressed at high levels in eukaryotic or insect cells. VLPs are composed of 36 copies of L1 protein organized into 72 pentamers, so-called capsomeres, to form particles that are immunologically indistinguishable from native virions. Experimentally induced VLP antisera are mostly type-specific for neutralization. Minor cross-neutralization has been observed only between closely related HPV types, e.g. HPV6 and 11, HPV18 and 45, or HPV16 and 31. Structure analysis has revealed the presence of several hypervariable loops on the outer surface of the capsid. With a few exceptions, all HPV-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies analyzed so far are type-specific and recognize conformational epitopes within surface-exposed hypervariable loops of the major capsid protein L1.
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TMPY-05406 | Human Papilloma Virus type 39 (HPV 39) L1 Protein-VLP | HPV | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
Papillomaviruses are highly species-specific and can cause squamous epithelial and fibroepithelial tumors in their hosts. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are associated with benign and malignant hyperproliferation of cells, with a wide variety of clinical manifestations ranging from condyloma acuminatum to cervical carcinoma. HPV infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease. More than 4 HPV types so far identified are known to infect the genital tract. Genital HPVs are divided into `low risk' HPVs such as HPV 6 and 11 and ‘high risk’ HPV types such as 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45 and 52, 58 which are responsible for more than 95% of HPV-induced cervical cancer. Vaccination against these high-risk types seems to be the most feasible prevention for cervical cancer. Indeed, clinical trials have shown prophylactic HPV vaccines to be effective against HPV infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and genital warts, but protection is type-specific and the currently developed vaccines target only a few types. These vaccines are based on papillomavirus-like particles (VLPs) composed of the major capsid protein, L1. The L1 protein self assembles into VLPs when expressed at high levels in eukaryotic or insect cells. VLPs are composed of 36 copies of L1 protein organized into 72 pentamers, so-called capsomeres, to form particles that are immunologically indistinguishable from native virions. Experimentally induced VLP antisera are mostly type-specific for neutralization. Minor cross-neutralization has been observed only between closely related HPV types, e.g. HPV6 and 11, HPV18 and 45, or HPV16 and 31. Structure analysis has revealed the presence of several hypervariable loops on the outer surface of the capsid. With a few exceptions, all HPV-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies analyzed so far are type-specific and recognize conformational epitopes within surface-exposed hypervariable loops of the major capsid protein L1.
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TMPY-05412 | Human Papilloma Virus type 59 (HPV 59) L1 Protein-VLP | HPV | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
Papillomaviruses are highly species-specific and can cause squamous epithelial and fibroepithelial tumors in their hosts. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are associated with benign and malignant hyperproliferation of cells, with a wide variety of clinical manifestations ranging from condyloma acuminatum to cervical carcinoma. HPV infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease. More than 4 HPV types so far identified are known to infect the genital tract. Genital HPVs are divided into `low risk' HPVs such as HPV 6 and 11 and ‘high risk’ HPV types such as 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45 and 52, 58 which are responsible for more than 95% of HPV-induced cervical cancer. Vaccination against these high-risk types seems to be the most feasible prevention for cervical cancer. Indeed, clinical trials have shown prophylactic HPV vaccines to be effective against HPV infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and genital warts, but protection is type-specific and the currently developed vaccines target only a few types. These vaccines are based on papillomavirus-like particles (VLPs) composed of the major capsid protein, L1. The L1 protein self assembles into VLPs when expressed at high levels in eukaryotic or insect cells. VLPs are composed of 36 copies of L1 protein organized into 72 pentamers, so-called capsomeres, to form particles that are immunologically indistinguishable from native virions. Experimentally induced VLP antisera are mostly type-specific for neutralization. Minor cross-neutralization has been observed only between closely related HPV types, e.g. HPV6 and 11, HPV18 and 45, or HPV16 and 31. Structure analysis has revealed the presence of several hypervariable loops on the outer surface of the capsid. With a few exceptions, all HPV-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies analyzed so far are type-specific and recognize conformational epitopes within surface-exposed hypervariable loops of the major capsid protein L1.
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TMPY-05404 | Human Papilloma Virus type 33 (HPV 33) L1 Protein-VLP | HPV | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
Papillomaviruses are highly species-specific and can cause squamous epithelial and fibroepithelial tumors in their hosts. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are associated with benign and malignant hyperproliferation of cells, with a wide variety of clinical manifestations ranging from condyloma acuminatum to cervical carcinoma. HPV infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease. More than 4 HPV types so far identified are known to infect the genital tract. Genital HPVs are divided into `low risk' HPVs such as HPV 6 and 11 and ‘high risk’ HPV types such as 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45 and 52, 58 which are responsible for more than 95% of HPV-induced cervical cancer. Vaccination against these high-risk types seems to be the most feasible prevention for cervical cancer. Indeed, clinical trials have shown prophylactic HPV vaccines to be effective against HPV infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and genital warts, but protection is type-specific and the currently developed vaccines target only a few types. These vaccines are based on papillomavirus-like particles (VLPs) composed of the major capsid protein, L1. The L1 protein self assembles into VLPs when expressed at high levels in eukaryotic or insect cells. VLPs are composed of 36 copies of L1 protein organized into 72 pentamers, so-called capsomeres, to form particles that are immunologically indistinguishable from native virions. Experimentally induced VLP antisera are mostly type-specific for neutralization. Minor cross-neutralization has been observed only between closely related HPV types, e.g. HPV6 and 11, HPV18 and 45, or HPV16 and 31. Structure analysis has revealed the presence of several hypervariable loops on the outer surface of the capsid. With a few exceptions, all HPV-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies analyzed so far are type-specific and recognize conformational epitopes within surface-exposed hypervariable loops of the major capsid protein L1.
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