目录号 | 产品详情 | 靶点 | |
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T22605 | MAO Monoamine Oxidase | ||
Bifemelane hydrochloride 是一种选择性的,有效的,和竞争性的单胺氧化酶A (MAO-A)抑制剂,Ki=4.20 μM,它也非竞争性地抑制MAO-B,Ki=46.0 μM。它具有显著的抗抑郁作用,可用于研究与脑血管疾病有关的认知和情绪障碍。 | |||
TN2004 | MAO Monoamine Oxidase | ||
Obtusin 是来自决明子种子,是一种高度选择性和竞争性的人单胺氧化酶-A 抑制剂,IC50=11.12 μM,Ki=6.15 μM。它在神经退行性疾病,尤其是焦虑和抑郁中起预防作用。 | |||
T0084 | MAO Monoamine Oxidase | ||
Moclobemide (Ro111163) 是可逆的、可透过血脑屏障的单胺氧化酶 (MAO-A) 抑制剂,能够抑制 hMAO-A (IC50=6.061 μM)。它上调慢性应激小鼠海马祖细胞的增殖。 | |||
T3885 | Others Monoamine Oxidase | ||
Rosiridin (6'-O-Deacetylrosiridoside C) 能够抑制 MAO A 和 MAO B,有潜在的抑郁症和老年性痴呆作用。它在 10 μM 时对 MAO B 的抑制率为 83.8% (pIC50=5.38)。 | |||
T7048 | Others MAO Topoisomerase | ||
1,4-Naphthoquinone (P-Naphthoquinone) 被用作单胺氧化酶和 DNA 拓扑异构酶活性的潜在抑制剂,还用于抑制乙酰转移酶活性。 | |||
T6073 | Histone Demethylase Monoamine Oxidase HSV | ||
OG-L002 是一种高度选择性的 LSD1有效抑制剂,IC50为 0.02 μM。它抑制HSV IE 基因的表达,还是单胺氧化酶抑制剂,对 MAO-A 和 MAO-B 的IC50分别为 1.38 μM 和 0.72 μM。 | |||
T0006 | Guanylate cyclase Microtubule Associated NO Synthase Parasite Monoamine Oxidase | ||
Methylene Blue trihydrate (Basic blue 9) 是鸟苷酸环化酶,单胺氧化酶 A 和 NO 合酶抑制剂。它是血管加压药,在医疗中通常用作染料。它具有抗伤害感受,抗疟疾,抗抑郁和抗焦虑作用,可用于高铁血红蛋白血症,神经退行性疾病和异环磷酰胺引起的脑病的研究。 | |||
T78984 | ROS | ||
Xanthine oxidase-IN-10 (XO8 analog) 是一种黄嘌呤氧化酶 (XO) 抑制剂,可用于研究痛风。 | |||
T0692 | ROS Xanthine Oxidase | ||
Allopurinol (Zyloric) 是一种黄嘌呤氧化酶(XO)抑制剂,IC50=7.82±0.12 μM。 | |||
T67850 | MAO | ||
FCE 28073是一种 Monoamine oxidase B 抑制剂,IC50=0.45 μM。 |
目录号 | 产品名/同用名 | 种属 | 表达系统 | ||
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TMPH-02825 | ACOX1 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (Myc) | Mouse | E. coli | ||
Catalyzes the desaturation of acyl-CoAs to 2-trans-enoyl-CoAs. First enzyme of the fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway.; Shows highest activity against medium-chain fatty acyl-CoAs and activity decreases with increasing chain length.; Is active against a much broader range of substrates and shows activity towards very long-chain acyl-CoAs. Is twice as active as isoform 1 against 16-hydroxy-palmitoyl-CoA and is 25% more active against 1,16-hexadecanodioyl-CoA.
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TMPY-00203 | LOXL2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) | Mouse | HEK293 | ||
Lysyl oxidase homolog 2, also known as Lysyl oxidase-like protein 2, Lysyl oxidase-related protein 2, Lysyl oxidase-related protein WS9-14 and LOXL2, is a secreted protein that belongs to the lysyl oxidase family. LOXL2 contains four SRCR domains. The lysyl oxidase family is made up of five members: lysyl oxidase (LOX) and lysyl oxidase-like 1-4 ( LOXL1, LOXL2, LOXL3, LOXL4 ). All members share conserved C-terminal catalytic domains that provide for lysyl oxidase or lysyl oxidase-like enzyme activity; and more divergent propeptide regions. LOX family enzyme activities catalyze the final enzymatic conversion required for the formation of normal biosynthetic collagen and elastin cross-links. LOXL2 is expressed by pre-hypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes in vivo, and that LOXL2 expression is regulated in vitro as a function of chondrocyte differentiation. LOXL2 promotes chondrocyte differentiation by mechanisms that are likely to include roles as both a regulator and an effector of chondrocyte differentiation. LOXL2 expression could also be explored as a molecular target in the prevention of breast cancer progression.
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TMPY-02481 | ACOX1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1(ACOX1 or AOX) is the first enzyme of the fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway and belongs to the Acyl-CoA oxidase family. Human liver peroxisomes contain two acyl-CoA oxidases, namely, palmitoyl-CoA oxidase (ACOX1/AOX) and a branched chain acyl-CoA oxidase. The palmitoyl-CoA oxidase (ACOX1/AOX) oxidizes the CoA esters of straight chain fatty acids and prostaglandins and donates electrons directly to molecular oxygen, thereby producing H2O2. Human ACOX1/AOX is a protein of 661-amino acids, including the carboxyl-terminal sequence(Ser-Lys-Leu) known as a minimal peroxisome-targeting signal. Human ACOX1/AOX, the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the peroxisomal β-oxidation pathway, has two isoforms including ACOX1a and ACOX1b, transcribed from a single gene. The human ACOX1b isoform is more effective than the ACOX1a isoform in reversing the Acox1 null phenotype in the mouse partly because of the Substrate utilization differences.
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TMPY-03619 | p67phox Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & GST) | Human | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
NCF2 (Neutrophil Cytosolic Factor 2, also known as NCF-2 and p67phox) is a Protein Coding gene. 4 alternatively spliced human isoforms have been reported. This gene encodes neutrophil cytosolic factor 2, the 67-kilodalton cytosolic subunit of the multi-protein NADPH oxidase complex found in neutrophils. This oxidase produces a burst of superoxide which is delivered to the lumen of the neutrophil phagosome. NCF2 belongs to the NCF2/NOXA1 family. NCF2, NCF1, and a membrane-bound cytochrome b558 are required for activation of the latent NADPH oxidase. Mutations in the NCF2 gene, as well as in other NADPH oxidase subunits, can result in chronic granulomatous disease, a disease that causes recurrent infections by catalase-positive organisms.
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TMPJ-00848 | NCF1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Neutrophil cytosol factor 1( NCF1) is a 47 kDa cytosolic subunit of neutrophil NADPH oxidase. This oxidase is characterized as a multicomponent enzyme which is activated to produce superoxide anion. NCF2, NCF1, and a membrane bound cytochrome b558 are required for the activation of the latent NADPH oxidase. The human NCF1 gene encodes a 390 amino acids protein without a signal peptide. The NCF1 gene interacts with other subunits of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase (NADPH) and plays an important role in innate immunity, producing reactive oxygen species and reducing the severity and duration of parasitic infection and autoimmune disease. NCF1 also has a role in T cell activation.
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TMPY-03660 | p67phox Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
NCF2 (Neutrophil Cytosolic Factor 2, also known as NCF-2 and p67phox) is a Protein Coding gene. 4 alternatively spliced human isoforms have been reported. This gene encodes neutrophil cytosolic factor 2, the 67-kilodalton cytosolic subunit of the multi-protein NADPH oxidase complex found in neutrophils. This oxidase produces a burst of superoxide which is delivered to the lumen of the neutrophil phagosome. NCF2 belongs to the NCF2/NOXA1 family. NCF2, NCF1, and a membrane-bound cytochrome b558 are required for activation of the latent NADPH oxidase. Mutations in the NCF2 gene, as well as in other NADPH oxidase subunits, can result in chronic granulomatous disease, a disease that causes recurrent infections by catalase-positive organisms.
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TMPJ-00853 | DAO Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
D-Amino-Acid Oxidase (DAO) belongs to the DAMOX/DASOX family. DAO is a peroxisomal enzyme which founctions as a homodimer to oxidizes D-amino acids to the corresponding imino acids, producing ammonia and hydrogen peroxide. D-amino-acid oxidase regulates the level of the neuromodulator D-serine in the brain, has a high activity towards D-DOPA and contributes to dopamine synthesis. D-amino-acid oxidase could act as a detoxifying agent which removes D-amino acids accumulated during aging. It also acts on a variety of D-amino acids with a preference for those having small hydrophobic side chains followed by those bearing polar, aromatic, and basic groups.
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TMPH-01277 | ENOX2 Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | E. coli | ||
May be involved in cell growth. Probably acts as a terminal oxidase of plasma electron transport from cytosolic NAD(P)H via hydroquinones to acceptors at the cell surface. Hydroquinone oxidase activity alternates with a protein disulfide-thiol interchange/oxidoreductase activity which may control physical membrane displacements associated with vesicle budding or cell enlargement. The activities oscillate with a period length of 22 minutes and play a role in control of the ultradian cellular biological clock.
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TMPH-01278 | ENOX2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc) | Human | E. coli | ||
May be involved in cell growth. Probably acts as a terminal oxidase of plasma electron transport from cytosolic NAD(P)H via hydroquinones to acceptors at the cell surface. Hydroquinone oxidase activity alternates with a protein disulfide-thiol interchange/oxidoreductase activity which may control physical membrane displacements associated with vesicle budding or cell enlargement. The activities oscillate with a period length of 22 minutes and play a role in control of the ultradian cellular biological clock.
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TMPJ-00379 | AOC3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) | Human | Human Cells | ||
Membrane primary amine oxidase(AOC3), also known as vascular adhesion protein (VAP-1) and HPAO, this protein is a member of the semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) family. VAP-1 is a type 1 membrane-bound glycoprotein that has a distal adhesion domain and an enzymatically active amine oxidase site outside of the membrane, VAP-1 has adhesive properties, functional monoamine oxidase activity, and possibly plays a role in glucose handling, leukocyte trafficking, and migration during inflammation. This rise in metabolic products contributes to generating advanced glycation end-products and oxidative stress along with the monoamine detoxification in the organism. It is highly expressed on the endothelium of the lung and trachea, and absent from leukocytes and epithelial cells. Membrane-bound VAP-1 releases an active, soluble form of the protein, which may be conducive to increased inflammation and the progression of many vascular disorders. In particular, elevation of VAP-1 activity and the increased enzymatic-mediated deamination is proposed to play a role in renal and vascular disease, oxidative stress, acute and chronic hyperglycemia, and diabetes complications.
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TMPH-01276 | ENOX1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Probably acts as a terminal oxidase of plasma electron transport from cytosolic NAD(P)H via hydroquinones to acceptors at the cell surface. Hydroquinone oxidase activity alternates with a protein disulfide-thiol interchange/oxidoreductase activity which may control physical membrane displacements associated with vesicle budding or cell enlargement. The activities oscillate with a period length of 24 minutes and play a role in control of the ultradian cellular biological clock.
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TMPH-02617 | COX5A Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His & SUMO) | Mouse | E. coli | ||
Component of the cytochrome c oxidase, the last enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase. Cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Electrons originating from reduced cytochrome c in the intermembrane space (IMS) are transferred via the dinuclear copper A center (CU(A)) of subunit 2 and heme A of subunit 1 to the active site in subunit 1, a binuclear center (BNC) formed by heme A3 and copper B (CU(B)). The BNC reduces molecular oxygen to 2 water molecules using 4 electrons from cytochrome c in the IMS and 4 protons from the mitochondrial matrix.
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TMPY-04475 | RFK Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Flavokinase is a member of the transferases family, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing groups (phosphotransferases) with an alcohol group as acceptor. Flavokinase is an essential enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of riboflavin (vitamin B2) to form flavin mononucleotide (FMN), an obligatory step in vitamin B2 utilization and flavin cofactor synthesis. It has been proposed that TNF, through the activation of the flavokinase gene, enhances the incorporation of FAD in NADPH oxidase enzymes, which is a critical step for the assembly and activation of NADPH oxidase.
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TMPY-01770 | HAO1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Hydroxyacid oxidase 1, also known as Glycolate oxidase, HAO1, and GOX1, is a member of the FMN-dependent alpha-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase family. HAO1 / GOX1 has 2-hydroxyacid oxidase activity. It is most active on the 2-carbon substrate glycolate, but is also active on 2-hydroxy fatty acids, with high activity towards 2-hydroxy palmitate and 2-hydroxy octanoate. HAO1 / GOX1 is a liver-specific peroxisomal enzyme that oxidizes glycolate to glyoxylate with the concomitant production of H2O2. In Hao1 messenger RNA (mRNA), an iron-responsive element (IRE) homologous to the sequence recognized by iron regulatory proteins (IRP), key regulators of iron homeostasis, is present. Mammalian HAO1 / GOX1 is a peroxisomal protein and that the C-terminal sequence SKI acts as the targeting signal. Down-regulation of HAO1 / GOX1 expression during oxidative stress may provide a mechanism to prevent excessive H2O2 formation in liver peroxisomes and may represent the prototype of a poorly recognized but potentially relevant response to an oxidative injury involving down-regulation of ROS-producing enzymes.
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TMPH-00866 | ADAMTS14 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Has aminoprocollagen type I processing activity in the absence of ADAMTS2. Seems to be synthesized as a latent enzyme that requires activation to display aminoprocollagen peptidase activity. Cleaves lysyl oxidase LOX at a site downstream of its propeptide cleavage site to produce a short LOX form.
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TMPH-01630 | LOXL3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (GST & His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Protein-lysine 6-oxidase that mediates the oxidation of peptidyl lysine residues to allysine in target proteins. Catalyzes the post-translational oxidative deamination of peptidyl lysine residues in precursors of elastin and different types of collagens, a prerequisite in the formation of cross-links between collagens and elastin. Required for somite boundary formation by catalyzing oxidation of fibronectin (FN1), enhancing integrin signaling in myofibers and their adhesion to the myotendinous junction (MTJ). Acts as a regulator of inflammatory response by inhibiting differentiation of naive CD4(+) T-cells into T-helper Th17 or regulatory T-cells (Treg): acts by interacting with STAT3 in the nucleus and catalyzing both deacetylation and oxidation of lysine residues on STAT3, leading to disrupt STAT3 dimerization and inhibit STAT3 transcription activity. Oxidation of lysine residues to allysine on STAT3 preferentially takes place on lysine residues that are acetylated. Also able to catalyze deacetylation of lysine residues on STAT3.; Shows protein-lysine 6-oxidase activity toward elastin and different types of collagens, with the highest activity toward collagen type VIII.; Shows protein-lysine 6-oxidase activity toward elastin and different types of collagens, with the highest activity toward collagen type IV.
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TMPH-03711 | PPAR gamma Protein, Xenopus laevis, Recombinant (His) | Xenopus laevis | E. coli | ||
Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to a promoter element in the gene for acyl-CoA oxidase and activates its transcription. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. May play a role in the regulation of circadian rhythm.
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TMPH-02270 | Tyrosinase/TYR Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & SUMO) | Human | E. coli | ||
This is a copper-containing oxidase that functions in the formation of pigments such as melanins and other polyphenolic compounds. Catalyzes the initial and rate limiting step in the cascade of reactions leading to melanin production from tyrosine. In addition to hydroxylating tyrosine to DOPA (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine), also catalyzes the oxidation of DOPA to DOPA-quinone, and possibly the oxidation of DHI (5,6-dihydroxyindole) to indole-5,6 quinone.
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TMPH-02269 | Tyrosinase/TYR Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | Yeast | ||
This is a copper-containing oxidase that functions in the formation of pigments such as melanins and other polyphenolic compounds. Catalyzes the initial and rate limiting step in the cascade of reactions leading to melanin production from tyrosine. In addition to hydroxylating tyrosine to DOPA (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine), also catalyzes the oxidation of DOPA to DOPA-quinone, and possibly the oxidation of DHI (5,6-dihydroxyindole) to indole-5,6 quinone.
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TMPH-03755 | Ppard Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Ligand-activated transcription factor. Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Has a preference for poly-unsaturated fatty acids, such as gamma-linoleic acid and eicosapentanoic acid. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to promoter elements of target genes. Regulates the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Functions as transcription activator for the acyl-CoA oxidase gene. Decreases expression of NPC1L1 once activated by a ligand.
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TMPH-03751 | CYBB Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Critical component of the membrane-bound oxidase of phagocytes that generates superoxide. It is the terminal component of a respiratory chain that transfers single electrons from cytoplasmic NADPH across the plasma membrane to molecular oxygen on the exterior. Also functions as a voltage-gated proton channel that mediates the H(+) currents of resting phagocytes. It participates in the regulation of cellular pH and is blocked by zinc.
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TMPH-03290 | GFER Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His & SUMO) | Rat | E. coli | ||
FAD-dependent sulfhydryl oxidase that regenerates the redox-active disulfide bonds in CHCHD4/MIA40, a chaperone essential for disulfide bond formation and protein folding in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. The reduced form of CHCHD4/MIA40 forms a transient intermolecular disulfide bridge with GFER/ERV1, resulting in regeneration of the essential disulfide bonds in CHCHD4/MIA40, while GFER/ERV1 becomes re-oxidized by donating electrons to cytochrome c or molecular oxygen. May have a function in liver regeneration and spermatogenesis.
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TMPJ-01268 | ERP27 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | Human Cells | ||
Endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 27, also known as ER protein 27, C12orf46 and ERP27, is an endoplasmic reticulum luminal protein which is a member of the protein disulfide isomerase family. ERP27 contains one thioredoxin domain and does not contain a CXXC active site motif. ERP27 is widely expressed in many tissues; it has highest expression in pancreas, with lower levels in spleen, lung, kidney, thymus, and bone marrow. ERP27 interacts with PDIA3 and binds somatostatin-14 via hydrophobic interactions. ERP27 may act as a protease, protein disulfide isomerase, thiol-disulfide oxidase or phospholipase.
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TMPY-02446 | GAPDH Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH or G3PDH) is an enzyme of about 37kDa that is consisdered as a cellular enzyme involved in glycolysis. It catelyzes the sixth step of glycolysis. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a pleiotropic enzyme that is overexpressed in apoptosis and in several human chronic pathologies. Its role as a mediator for cell death has also been highlighted. A recent report suggests that GAPDH may be genetically associated with late-onset of Alzheimer's disease. Besides, deprenyl, which has originally been used as a monoamine oxidase inhibitor for Parkinson's disease, binds to GAPDH and displays neuroprotective actions.
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TMPH-00035 | Polyphenol oxidase 2 Protein, Agaricus bisporus, Recombinant (His) | Agaricus bisporus | Baculovirus | ||
Copper-containing oxidase that catalyzes both the o-hydroxylation of monophenols and the subsequent oxidation of the resulting o-diphenols into reactive o-quinones, which evolve spontaneously to produce intermediates, which associate in dark brown pigments. Involved in the initial step of melanin synthesis. Melanins constitute a mechanism of defense and resistance to stress such as UV radiations, free radicals, gamma rays, dehydratation and extreme temperatures, and contribute to the fungal cell-wall resistance against hydrolytic enzymes in avoiding cellular lysis. Fungal pigments are also involved in the formation and stability of spores.
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TMPY-03511 | COX5B Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Cytochrome C oxidase (COX) is the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It is a multi-subunit enzyme complex that couples the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen and contributes to a proton electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The complex consists of 13 mitochondrial- and nuclear-encoded subunits. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits perform the electron transfer and proton pumping activities. The functions of the nuclear-encoded subunits are unknown but they may play a role in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This gene encodes the nuclear-encoded subunit Vb of the human mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme.
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TMPY-00506 | GAPDH Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) | Mouse | E. coli | ||
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH or G3PDH) is an enzyme of about 37kDa that is consisdered as a cellular enzyme involved in glycolysis. It catelyzes the sixth step of glycolysis. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a pleiotropic enzyme that is overexpressed in apoptosis and in several human chronic pathologies. Its role as a mediator for cell death has also been highlighted. A recent report suggests that GAPDH may be genetically associated with late-onset of Alzheimer's disease. Besides, deprenyl, which has originally been used as a monoamine oxidase inhibitor for Parkinson's disease, binds to GAPDH and displays neuroprotective actions.
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TMPY-03056 | LSD1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & GST) | Human | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
LSD1 belongs to the flavin monoamine oxidase family. It contains 1 SWIRM domain and is a component of an RCOR/GFI/LSD1/HDAC complex. LSD1 interacts directly with GFI1 and GFI1B. LSD1 specifically removes histone H3K4me2 to H3K4me1 or H3K4me0 through a FAD-dependent oxidative reaction. When forming a complex with an androgen receptor (and possibly other nuclear hormone receptors), LSD1 changes its substrates to H3K9me2. Thus LSD1 is considered to act as a coactivator or a corepressor. It may play a role in the repression of neuronal genes. Alone, LSD1 is unable to demethylate H3 'Lys-4' on nucleosomes and requires the presence of RCOR1/CoREST to achieve such activity.
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TMPH-00036 | Polyphenol oxidase 2 Protein, Agaricus bisporus, Recombinant (His & Myc) | Agaricus bisporus | E. coli | ||
Copper-containing oxidase that catalyzes both the o-hydroxylation of monophenols and the subsequent oxidation of the resulting o-diphenols into reactive o-quinones, which evolve spontaneously to produce intermediates, which associate in dark brown pigments. Involved in the initial step of melanin synthesis. Melanins constitute a mechanism of defense and resistance to stress such as UV radiations, free radicals, gamma rays, dehydratation and extreme temperatures, and contribute to the fungal cell-wall resistance against hydrolytic enzymes in avoiding cellular lysis. Fungal pigments are also involved in the formation and stability of spores.
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TMPY-03658 | ETHE1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
ETHE1, also known as HSCO, is a sulfur dioxygenase that localizes within the mitochondrial matrix. ETHE1 probably plays an important role in metabolic homeostasis in mitochondria. It may also function as a nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling protein that binds transcription factor RELA/NFKB3 in the nucleus and exports it to the cytoplasm. ETHE1 can suppresses p53-induced apoptosis by preventing nuclear localization of RELA. Mutations in ETHE1 gene result in ethylmalonic encephalopathy. Ethylmalonic encephalopathy is an autosomal recessive, invariably fatal disorder characterized by early-onset encephalopathy, microangiopathy, chronic diarrhea, defective cytochrome c oxidase (COX) in muscle and brain, high concentrations of C4 and C5 acylcarnitines in blood and high excretion of ethylmalonic acid in urine.
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TMPH-02827 | PPAR gamma Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) | Mouse | E. coli | ||
Nuclear receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the nuclear receptor binds to DNA specific PPAR response elements (PPRE) and modulates the transcription of its target genes, such as acyl-CoA oxidase. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. ARF6 acts as a key regulator of the tissue-specific adipocyte P2 (aP2) enhancer. Acts as a critical regulator of gut homeostasis by suppressing NF-kappa-B-mediated proinflammatory responses. Plays a role in the regulation of cardiovascular circadian rhythms by regulating the transcription of ARNTL/BMAL1 in the blood vessels.
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TMPJ-01066 | CYCS Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Cytochrome C (CYCS) is a small heme protein that belongs to the cytochrome c family. It is found loosely associated with the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. Cytochrome C is a highly soluble protein that functions as a central component of the electron transport chain in mitochondria. CYCS transfers electrons between Complexes III (Coenzyme Q - Cyt C reductase) and IV (Cyt C oxidase). CYCS plays a role in apoptosis. Suppression of the anti-apoptotic members or activation of the pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family leads to altered mitochondrial membrane permeability resulting in release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Binding of Cytochrome C to Apaf-1 triggers the activation of caspase-9, which then accelerates apoptosis by activating other caspases.
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TMPH-01746 | NOX4 Protein, Human, Recombinant (E. coli, His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Constitutive NADPH oxidase which generates superoxide intracellularly upon formation of a complex with CYBA/p22phox. Regulates signaling cascades probably through phosphatases inhibition. May function as an oxygen sensor regulating the KCNK3/TASK-1 potassium channel and HIF1A activity. May regulate insulin signaling cascade. May play a role in apoptosis, bone resorption and lipolysaccharide-mediated activation of NFKB. May produce superoxide in the nucleus and play a role in regulating gene expression upon cell stimulation. Isoform 3 is not functional. Isoform 5 and isoform 6 display reduced activity.; Involved in redox signaling in vascular cells. Constitutively and NADPH-dependently generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). Modulates the nuclear activation of ERK1/2 and the ELK1 transcription factor, and is capable of inducing nuclear DNA damage. Displays an increased activity relative to isoform 1.
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TMPY-00140 | ABP1/AOC1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Amine oxidase copper-containing 1 (AOC1; formerly known as amiloride-binding protein 1) is a secreted glycoprotein that catalyzes the degradation of putrescine and histamine. Polyamines and their diamine precursor putrescine are ubiquitous to all organisms and fulfill pivotal functions in cell growth and proliferation. That the Wilms tumor protein, WT1, which is necessary for normal kidney development, activates transcription of the AOC1 gene. Expression of a firefly luciferase reporter under control of the proximal AOC1 promoter was significantly enhanced by co-transfection of a WT1 expression construct. Binding of WT1 protein to a cis-regulatory element in the AOC1 promoter was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation. WT1-dependent control of polyamine breakdown, which is mediated by changes in AOC1 expression, has a role in kidney organogenesis.
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TMPH-01745 | NOX4 Protein, Human, Recombinant (Cell-Free, His) | Human | in vitro E. coli expression system | ||
Constitutive NADPH oxidase which generates superoxide intracellularly upon formation of a complex with CYBA/p22phox. Regulates signaling cascades probably through phosphatases inhibition. May function as an oxygen sensor regulating the KCNK3/TASK-1 potassium channel and HIF1A activity. May regulate insulin signaling cascade. May play a role in apoptosis, bone resorption and lipolysaccharide-mediated activation of NFKB. May produce superoxide in the nucleus and play a role in regulating gene expression upon cell stimulation. Isoform 3 is not functional. Isoform 5 and isoform 6 display reduced activity.; Involved in redox signaling in vascular cells. Constitutively and NADPH-dependently generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). Modulates the nuclear activation of ERK1/2 and the ELK1 transcription factor, and is capable of inducing nuclear DNA damage. Displays an increased activity relative to isoform 1.
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TMPH-01012 | BMP-1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Metalloprotease that plays key roles in regulating the formation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) via processing of various precursor proteins into mature functional enzymes or structural proteins. Thereby participates in several developmental and physiological processes such as cartilage and bone formation, muscle growth and homeostasis, wound healing and tissue repair. Roles in ECM formation include cleavage of the C-terminal propeptides from procollagens such as procollagen I, II and III or the proteolytic activation of the enzyme lysyl oxidase LOX, necessary to formation of covalent cross-links in collagen and elastic fibers. Additional substrates include matricellular thrombospondin-1/THBS1 whose cleavage leads to cell adhesion disruption and TGF-beta activation.; Plays an important role in bone repair by acting as a coactivator of BMP7.
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TMPJ-00380 | AOC3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | Human Cells | ||
Vascular adhesion protein-1(VAP-1) is a copper amine oxidase with a topaquinone cofactor.VAP-1 is a type II integral membrane protein, but a soluble form of the enzyme is present in human serum, and its level increases in diabetes and some inflammatory liver diseases. VAP-1 catalyzes the oxidative deamination of small primary amines such as methylamine, benzylamine, and aminoacetone in a reaction that produces an aldehyde, ammonia, and H2O2. VAP-1 vascular expression is regulated at sites of inflammation through its release from intracellular granules in which the protein is stored. The adhesive function of VAP-1 has been demonstrated in studies showing that the protein is important for the adherence of certain lymphocyte subtypes to inflamed endothelial tissues. VAP-1 mediated adhesion is involved in the process of leukocyte extravasation, an important feature of inflammatory responses. VAP-1 is considered to be a therapeutic target for diabetes, oxidative stress, and inflammatory diseases.
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TMPJ-01020 | GFER Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
GFER is a hepatotrophic growth factor and flavin-linked sulfhydryl oxidase which belongs to the Erv1/ALR family of proteins. GFER is widely expressed in various human tissues. They are two isoforms of this protein. Isoform 1 could regenerate the redox-active disulfide bonds in CHCHD4/MIA40, a chaperone essential for disulfide bond formation and protein folding in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. The reduced form of CHCHD4/MIA40 forms a transient intermolecular disulfide bridge with GFER/ERV1, resulting in regeneration of the essential disulfide bonds in CHCHD4/MIA40, while GFER/ERV1 becomes re-oxidized by donating electrons to cytochrome c or molecular oxygen. Isoform 2 may act as an autocrine hepatotrophic growth factor promoting liver regeneration. GFER could also induce the expression of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxyl-ase and ornithine decarboxylases (ODC). S-adenosylmethionine decarboxyl-ase and ornithine decarboxylases play an important role in the synthesis of polyamines.
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TMPY-02439 | Rac2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (Rac2) is a small G-protein belonging to the Ras subfamily of the GTPase family. Rac2 acts as an "on / off" switch for signal transduction cascades and motilities. When GDP is attached to the small G-protein, the enzyme is inactivated. Release of the GDP and replace of the GTP cativate the GTPasee. Rac2 remains active until the GTP is hydrolyzed to GDP. Rac2 is a hematopoietic-specific Rho family GTPase implicated as an important constituent of the NADPH oxidase complex and shares 92% amino acid identity with the ubiquitously expressed Rac1. The small G-protein Rac2 regulates the rearrangements of actin and membrane necessary for Fcy receptor-mediated phagocytosis by macrophages. Activated Rac2 binds to the p21-binding domain of PAK1 and this binding provided a basis for microscopic methods to localize activation of these G proteins inside cells.
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TMPY-02464 | Catalase/CAT Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
Catalase is a ubiquitously expressed enzyme that catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. It is a tetramer of four polypeptides chains containing four porphyrin heme groups that allow the enzyme to react with the hydrogen peroxide. The optimum PH of human catalase is approximately 7 and the optimum temperature is at 37 degree. Both the PH optimum and temperature for other catalases varies depending on the species. Catalase can be inhibited by a flux of O2-generated in situ by the aerobic xanthine oxidase reaction. This inhibition of catalase by O2-provides the basis for a synergism between superoxide dismutase and catalase.Such synergisms have been observed in vitro and may be significant in vivo. Catalase is used in the food industry for removing hydrogen peroxide from milk prior to cheese production. Another use is in food wrappers where it prevents food from oxidizing. Catalase is also used in the textile industry, removing hydrogen peroxide from fabrics to make sure the material is peroxide-free.
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TMPH-00297 | S100A9 Protein, Bovine, Recombinant (His & Myc & SUMO) | Bovine | E. coli | ||
S100A9 is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response. It can induce neutrophil chemotaxis, adhesion, can increase the bactericidal activity of neutrophils by promoting phagocytosis via activation of SYK, PI3K/AKT, and ERK1/2 and can induce degranulation of neutrophils by a MAPK-dependent mechanism. Predominantly found as calprotectin (S100A8/A9) which has a wide plethora of intra- and extracellular functions. The intracellular functions include: facilitating leukocyte arachidonic acid trafficking and metabolism, modulation of the tubulin-dependent cytoskeleton during migration of phagocytes and activation of the neutrophilic NADPH-oxidase. Activates NADPH-oxidase by facilitating the enzyme complex assembly at the cell membrane, transferring arachidonic acid, an essential cofactor, to the enzyme complex and S100A8 contributes to the enzyme assembly by directly binding to NCF2/P67PHOX. The extracellular functions involve proinflammatory, antimicrobial, oxidant-scavenging and apoptosis-inducing activities. Its proinflammatory activity includes recruitment of leukocytes, promotion of cytokine and chemokine production, and regulation of leukocyte adhesion and migration. Acts as an alarmin or a danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule and stimulates innate immune cells via binding to pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGER). Binding to TLR4 and AGER activates the MAP-kinase and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways resulting in the amplification of the proinflammatory cascade. Has antimicrobial activity towards bacteria and fungi and exerts its antimicrobial activity probably via chelation of Zn(2+) which is essential for microbial growth. Can induce cell death via autophagy and apoptosis and this occurs through the cross-talk of mitochondria and lysosomes via reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the process involves BNIP3. Can regulate neutrophil number and apoptosis by an anti-apoptotic effect; regulates cell survival via ITGAM/ITGB and TLR4 and a signaling mechanism involving MEK-ERK. Its role as an oxidant scavenger has a protective role in preventing exaggerated tissue damage by scavenging oxidants. The iNOS-S100A8/A9 transnitrosylase complex is proposed to direct selective inflammatory stimulus-dependent S-nitrosylation of multiple targets such as GAPDH, NXA5, EZR, MSN and VIM by recognizing a [IL]-x-C-x-x-[DE] motif.
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TMPY-02890 | ERP27 Protein, Human, Recombinant (mFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
ERP27 contains 1 thioredoxin domain and is a noncatalytic member of the protein disulfide isomerase family. Protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) constitute a family of structurally related enzymes which catalyze disulfide bonds formation, reduction, or isomerization of newly synthesized proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). They act also as chaperones, and are, therefore, part of a quality-control system for the correct folding of the proteins in the same subcellular compartment. PDI has been found to have moderate effects (25-fold) on the rate of oxidative folding of proteins in vitro. Recombinant Human Protein Disulfide Isomerase is involved in disulphide-bond formation and isomerization, as well as the reduction of disulphide bonds in proteins. Recombinant PDI has been found to have moderate effects (25-fold) on the rate of oxidative folding of proteins in vitro. ERP27 is a widely expressed protein which localizes to the ER and may act as a protease, protein disulfide isomerase, thiol-disulfide oxidase or phospholipase. ERP27 doesn't contain a CXXC active site motif indicating that it is a catalytically redox-inactive member of the protein disulfide isomerase family.
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TMPY-01187 | Rac1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (GST) | Human | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
RAC1 is a GTPase that belongs to the RAS superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins. Members of this superfamily appear to regulate a diverse array of cellular events, including the control of cell growth, cytoskeletal reorganization, and the activation of protein kinases. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for RAC1 gene. RAC1 is a plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such as secretory processes, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, epithelial cell polarization and growth-factor induced formation of membrane ruffles. RAC1 p21/rho GDI heterodimer is the active component of the cytosolic factor sigma 1, which is involved in stimulation of the NADPH oxidase activity in macrophage. RAC1 is essential for the SPATA13-mediated regulation of cell migration and adhesion assembly and disassembly. RAC1's isoform B has an accelerated GEF-independent GDP/GTP exchange and an impaired GTP hydrolysis, which is restored partially by GTPase-activating proteins. It is able to bind to the GTPase-binding domain of PAK but not full-length PAK in a GTP-dependent manner, suggesting that the insertion does not completely abolish effector interaction. Stat3 is an important transcription factor that regulates both proinflammatory and anti-apoptotic pathways in the heart. It forms a multiprotein complex with RAC1 and PKC in an H/R-dependent manner by expression of constitutively active Rac1 mutant protein, and by RNA silencing of RAC1. Selective inhibition of PKC with calphostin C produces a marked suppression of Stat3 S727 phosphorylation. The association of Stat3 with Rax1 occurs predominantly at the cell membrane, but also inside the nucleus, and occurs through the binding of the coiled-coil domain of Stat3 to the 54 NH(2)-terminal residues of RAC1. Transfection with a peptide comprising the NH(2)-terminal 17 amino acid residues of RAC1-dependent signaling pathways resulting in a physical association between Rac1 and Stat3 and the formation of a novel multiprotein complex with PKC.
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