目录号 | 产品详情 | 靶点 | |
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TP1520 | |||
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) core protein has been found in the nucleus, the cytoplasm, or both of HBV-infected hepatocytes. nuclear localization of the HBV core protein is negatively regulated by phosphorylation during the cell cycle. | |||
T39503 | |||
Hepatitis Virus C NS3 Protease Inhibitor 2 is a peptide inhibitor derived from a product that targets the NS3 protease of the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Its inhibitory activity against the NS3 protease is characterized by a Ki value of 41 nM. | |||
TP2231 | Others | ||
HBcAg (core antigen) is a hepatitis B viral protein. It is an indicator of active viral replication; this means the person infected with Hepatitis B can likely transmit the virus on to another person. | |||
T23407 | Others | ||
The nucleocapsid of the hepatitis B virus is covered by an envelope of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), which has the common, group-specific determinant a. The four major subtypes of HBsAg, adw, adr, ayw and ayr, are generated, and they have been proposed to | |||
T4S1718 | HBV HIV Protease | ||
Punicalin 是从Punica granatumL. 或Terminalia catappaL. 的叶子中分离的,一种可水解的单宁,具有抗炎活性。它是一种抗乙型肝炎病毒药物。 | |||
TN1482 | P450 HBV | ||
Chamaechromone 是从 Stellera chamaejasme L. 的根中分离出来的天然产物。 Chamaechromone 具有抗 HBV 和杀虫活性。 | |||
T3273 | HBV Reverse Transcriptase | ||
Bifendate (Bifendatatum) 是 Schisandrin C 的合成中间体,在慢性 B 型肝炎的研究中具有抗HBV 功效,用于治疗病毒性肝炎和药物性肝损伤引起的转氨酶升高。 | |||
T76527 | |||
Hepatitis B Virus Receptor Binding Fragment (hepatitis B peptide 4980) 是一种合成的肽类似物,特异性地结合到 Hep G2 细胞。 基于病毒中和的粘附阻断途径的概念,Hepatitis B Virus Receptor Binding Fragment 有望引发保护性抗体,是一种很有前途的免疫原。 | |||
T16366 | HBV | ||
NVR 3-778 是一种 SBA 类的口服有效HBV CAM 衣壳组装调制剂,具有抗 HBV 活性。 | |||
T2780 | Others HBV | ||
Catalpol (Catalpinoside) 是一种在Rehmannia glutinosa 中发现的鸢尾花苷,具有神经保护、降血糖、抗癌、抗痉挛、抗氧化、抗HBV 和抗肝炎病毒作用。 |
目录号 | 产品名/同用名 | 种属 | 表达系统 | ||
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TMPY-05822 | Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)(ayw/France/Tiollais/1979) Capsid protein (His) | HBV-D | E. coli | ||
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) capsid assembly is a critical step in the propagation of the virus and is mediated by the core protein. The first cytoplasmic step in the formation of an infectious HBV virion is the formation of a capsid containing pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) and the viral polymerase (Pol). HBV capsid assembly is an attractive target for new antiviral therapies.
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TMPY-05227 | TIM-3/KIM-3/HAVCR2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His), Biotinylated | Human | HEK293 | ||
Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2), formerly known as T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM-3), is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on the surface of terminally differentiated Th1 cells but not on Th2 cells. It was the first surface molecule that specifically identifies Th1 cells in both the mouse and human. Recently, the identification of Galectin-9 as a ligand for TIM-3 has established the TIM-3-Galectin-9 pathway as an important regulator of Th1 immunity and tolerance induction. Engagement of Tim-3 by its ligand galectin-9 negatively regulates IFN-gamma secretion and influences the ability to induce T cell tolerance in both mice and man. It suggests a novel paradigm in which dysregulation of the TIM-3-galectin-9 pathway could underlie chronic autoimmune disease states, such as multiple sclerosis. Recent work has explored the role of TIM-3 in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and their results indicate that TIM-3 may represent a novel target for the treatment of SLE. Numerous studies have demonstrated that Tim-3 influences autoimmune diseases, including diabetes and multiple sclerosis, and its role in other inflammatory diseases including allergies and cancer is beginning to become clear. In the tumor rejection model, the soluble form of Tim-3 (sTim-3) significantly impaired T cell antitumor immunity, evidenced by decreased antitumor CTL activity and reduced amount of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the tumor. sTim-3 as an immunoregulatory molecule that may be involved in the negative regulation of T cell-mediated immune response.Cancer ImmunotherapyCo-inhibitory Immune Checkpoint TargetsImmune CheckpointImmune Checkpoint Detection: ELISA AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: IP AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: WB AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint ProteinsImmune Checkpoint TargetsImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-01621 | TIM-3/KIM-3/HAVCR2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2), formerly known as T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM-3), is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on the surface of terminally differentiated Th1 cells but not on Th2 cells. It was the first surface molecule that specifically identifies Th1 cells in both the mouse and human. Recently, the identification of Galectin-9 as a ligand for TIM-3 has established the TIM-3-Galectin-9 pathway as an important regulator of Th1 immunity and tolerance induction. Engagement of Tim-3 by its ligand galectin-9 negatively regulates IFN-gamma secretion and influences the ability to induce T cell tolerance in both mice and man. It suggests a novel paradigm in which dysregulation of the TIM-3-galectin-9 pathway could underlie chronic autoimmune disease states, such as multiple sclerosis. Recent work has explored the role of TIM-3 in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and their results indicate that TIM-3 may represent a novel target for the treatment of SLE. Numerous studies have demonstrated that Tim-3 influences autoimmune diseases, including diabetes and multiple sclerosis, and its role in other inflammatory diseases including allergies and cancer is beginning to become clear. In the tumor rejection model, the soluble form of Tim-3 (sTim-3) significantly impaired T cell antitumor immunity, evidenced by decreased antitumor CTL activity and reduced amount of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the tumor. sTim-3 as an immunoregulatory molecule that may be involved in the negative regulation of T cell-mediated immune response.Cancer ImmunotherapyCo-inhibitory Immune Checkpoint TargetsImmune CheckpointImmune Checkpoint Detection: ELISA AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: IP AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: WB AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint ProteinsImmune Checkpoint TargetsImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-00553 | TIM-3/KIM-3/HAVCR2 Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (hFc) | Cynomolgus | HEK293 | ||
Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2), formerly known as T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM-3), is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on the surface of terminally differentiated Th1 cells but not on Th2 cells. It was the first surface molecule that specifically identifies Th1 cells in both the mouse and human. Recently, the identification of Galectin-9 as a ligand for TIM-3 has established the TIM-3-Galectin-9 pathway as an important regulator of Th1 immunity and tolerance induction. Engagement of Tim-3 by its ligand galectin-9 negatively regulates IFN-gamma secretion and influences the ability to induce T cell tolerance in both mice and man. It suggests a novel paradigm in which dysregulation of the TIM-3-galectin-9 pathway could underlie chronic autoimmune disease states, such as multiple sclerosis. Recent work has explored the role of TIM-3 in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and their results indicate that TIM-3 may represent a novel target for the treatment of SLE. Numerous studies have demonstrated that Tim-3 influences autoimmune diseases, including diabetes and multiple sclerosis, and its role in other inflammatory diseases including allergies and cancer is beginning to become clear. In the tumor rejection model, the soluble form of Tim-3 (sTim-3) significantly impaired T cell antitumor immunity, evidenced by decreased antitumor CTL activity and reduced amount of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the tumor. sTim-3 as an immunoregulatory molecule that may be involved in the negative regulation of T cell-mediated immune response.Cancer ImmunotherapyCo-inhibitory Immune Checkpoint TargetsImmune CheckpointImmune Checkpoint Detection: ELISA AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: IP AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: WB AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint ProteinsImmune Checkpoint TargetsImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-01317 | TIM-1/KIM-1/HAVCR1 Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His & hFc) | Rat | HEK293 | ||
HAV cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1), also known as Kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and T cell immunoglobulin mucin 1 (TIM-1), is a type of integral membrane glycoprotein. KIM-1 protein is widely expressed with the highest levels in the kidney and testis. It has been shown to play a major role as a human susceptibility gene for asthma, allergy, and autoimmunity. IgA1lambda is a specific ligand of KIM-1 protein and that their association has a synergistic effect in virus-receptor interactions. KIM-1 involves in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury. It had been confirmed that KIM-1 is a human urinary renal dysfunction biomarker. Moreover, KIM-1 protein is a novel regulatory molecule of flow-induced calcium signaling.
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TMPY-01951 | TIM-1/KIM-1/HAVCR1 Protein, Rhesus, Recombinant | Rhesus | HEK293 | ||
HAV cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1), also known as Kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and T cell immunoglobulin mucin 1 (TIM-1), is a type of integral membrane glycoprotein. KIM-1 protein is widely expressed with the highest levels in the kidney and testis. It has been shown to play a major role as a human susceptibility gene for asthma, allergy, and autoimmunity. IgA1lambda is a specific ligand of KIM-1 protein and that their association has a synergistic effect in virus-receptor interactions. KIM-1 involves in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury. It had been confirmed that KIM-1 is a human urinary renal dysfunction biomarker. Moreover, KIM-1 protein is a novel regulatory molecule of flow-induced calcium signaling.
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TMPY-01671 | TIM-1/KIM-1/HAVCR1 Protein, Rhesus, Recombinant (His) | Rhesus | HEK293 | ||
HAV cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1), also known as Kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and T cell immunoglobulin mucin 1 (TIM-1), is a type of integral membrane glycoprotein. KIM-1 protein is widely expressed with the highest levels in the kidney and testis. It has been shown to play a major role as a human susceptibility gene for asthma, allergy, and autoimmunity. IgA1lambda is a specific ligand of KIM-1 protein and that their association has a synergistic effect in virus-receptor interactions. KIM-1 involves in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury. It had been confirmed that KIM-1 is a human urinary renal dysfunction biomarker. Moreover, KIM-1 protein is a novel regulatory molecule of flow-induced calcium signaling.
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TMPH-00809 | Hepatitis C Genome polyprotein (His) | HCV | E. coli | ||
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TMPY-01350 | TIM-1/KIM-1/HAVCR1 Protein, Canine, Recombinant (His) | Canine | HEK293 | ||
HAV cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1), also known as Kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and T cell immunoglobulin mucin 1 (TIM-1), is a type of integral membrane glycoprotein. KIM-1 protein is widely expressed with the highest levels in the kidney and testis. It has been shown to play a major role as a human susceptibility gene for asthma, allergy, and autoimmunity. IgA1lambda is a specific ligand of KIM-1 protein and that their association has a synergistic effect in virus-receptor interactions. KIM-1 involves in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury. It had been confirmed that KIM-1 is a human urinary renal dysfunction biomarker. Moreover, KIM-1 protein is a novel regulatory molecule of flow-induced calcium signaling.
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TMPY-01455 | TIM-1/KIM-1/HAVCR1 Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His) | Rat | HEK293 | ||
HAV cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1), also known as Kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and T cell immunoglobulin mucin 1 (TIM-1), is a type of integral membrane glycoprotein. KIM-1 protein is widely expressed with the highest levels in the kidney and testis. It has been shown to play a major role as a human susceptibility gene for asthma, allergy, and autoimmunity. IgA1lambda is a specific ligand of KIM-1 protein and that their association has a synergistic effect in virus-receptor interactions. KIM-1 involves in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury. It had been confirmed that KIM-1 is a human urinary renal dysfunction biomarker. Moreover, KIM-1 protein is a novel regulatory molecule of flow-induced calcium signaling.
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TMPY-04280 | TIM-1/KIM-1/HAVCR1 Protein, Canine, Recombinant (mFc) | Canine | HEK293 | ||
HAV cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1), also known as Kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and T cell immunoglobulin mucin 1 (TIM-1), is a type of integral membrane glycoprotein. KIM-1 protein is widely expressed with the highest levels in the kidney and testis. It has been shown to play a major role as a human susceptibility gene for asthma, allergy, and autoimmunity. IgA1lambda is a specific ligand of KIM-1 protein and that their association has a synergistic effect in virus-receptor interactions. KIM-1 involves in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury. It had been confirmed that KIM-1 is a human urinary renal dysfunction biomarker. Moreover, KIM-1 protein is a novel regulatory molecule of flow-induced calcium signaling.
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TMPY-03424 | TIM-3/KIM-3/HAVCR2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) | Mouse | HEK293 | ||
Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2), formerly known as T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM-3), is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on the surface of terminally differentiated Th1 cells but not on Th2 cells. It was the first surface molecule that specifically identifies Th1 cells in both the mouse and human. Recently, the identification of Galectin-9 as a ligand for TIM-3 has established the TIM-3-Galectin-9 pathway as an important regulator of Th1 immunity and tolerance induction. Engagement of Tim-3 by its ligand galectin-9 negatively regulates IFN-gamma secretion and influences the ability to induce T cell tolerance in both mice and man. It suggests a novel paradigm in which dysregulation of the TIM-3-galectin-9 pathway could underlie chronic autoimmune disease states, such as multiple sclerosis. Recent work has explored the role of TIM-3 in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and their results indicate that TIM-3 may represent a novel target for the treatment of SLE. Numerous studies have demonstrated that Tim-3 influences autoimmune diseases, including diabetes and multiple sclerosis, and its role in other inflammatory diseases including allergies and cancer is beginning to become clear. In the tumor rejection model, the soluble form of Tim-3 (sTim-3) significantly impaired T cell antitumor immunity, evidenced by decreased antitumor CTL activity and reduced amount of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the tumor. sTim-3 as an immunoregulatory molecule that may be involved in the negative regulation of T cell-mediated immune response.Cancer ImmunotherapyCo-inhibitory Immune Checkpoint TargetsImmune CheckpointImmune Checkpoint Detection: ELISA AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: IP AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: WB AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint ProteinsImmune Checkpoint TargetsImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-03677 | TIM-3/KIM-3/HAVCR2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (hFc) | Mouse | HEK293 | ||
Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2), formerly known as T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM-3), is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on the surface of terminally differentiated Th1 cells but not on Th2 cells. It was the first surface molecule that specifically identifies Th1 cells in both the mouse and human. Recently, the identification of Galectin-9 as a ligand for TIM-3 has established the TIM-3-Galectin-9 pathway as an important regulator of Th1 immunity and tolerance induction. Engagement of Tim-3 by its ligand galectin-9 negatively regulates IFN-gamma secretion and influences the ability to induce T cell tolerance in both mice and man. It suggests a novel paradigm in which dysregulation of the TIM-3-galectin-9 pathway could underlie chronic autoimmune disease states, such as multiple sclerosis. Recent work has explored the role of TIM-3 in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and their results indicate that TIM-3 may represent a novel target for the treatment of SLE. Numerous studies have demonstrated that Tim-3 influences autoimmune diseases, including diabetes and multiple sclerosis, and its role in other inflammatory diseases including allergies and cancer is beginning to become clear. In the tumor rejection model, the soluble form of Tim-3 (sTim-3) significantly impaired T cell antitumor immunity, evidenced by decreased antitumor CTL activity and reduced amount of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the tumor. sTim-3 as an immunoregulatory molecule that may be involved in the negative regulation of T cell-mediated immune response.Cancer ImmunotherapyCo-inhibitory Immune Checkpoint TargetsImmune CheckpointImmune Checkpoint Detection: ELISA AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: IP AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: WB AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint ProteinsImmune Checkpoint TargetsImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-01564 | Hepatitis C virus (HCV-1a) E2 Protein (His) | HCV | HEK293 | ||
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TMPY-01244 | TIM-1/KIM-1/HAVCR1 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His & hFc) | Mouse | HEK293 | ||
HAV cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1), also known as Kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and T cell immunoglobulin mucin 1 (TIM-1), is a type of integral membrane glycoprotein. KIM-1 protein is widely expressed with the highest levels in the kidney and testis. It has been shown to play a major role as a human susceptibility gene for asthma, allergy, and autoimmunity. IgA1lambda is a specific ligand of KIM-1 protein and that their association has a synergistic effect in virus-receptor interactions. KIM-1 involves in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury. It had been confirmed that KIM-1 is a human urinary renal dysfunction biomarker. Moreover, KIM-1 protein is a novel regulatory molecule of flow-induced calcium signaling.
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TMPH-00814 | Hepatitis E virus genotype 3 (HEV-3) Capsid protein (His) | HEV-3 | Yeast | ||
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TMPH-00812 | Hepatitis E virus genotype 1 (HEV-1) Protein ORF3 (His & SUMO) | HEV-1 | E. coli | ||
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TMPY-05463 | TIM-3/KIM-3/HAVCR2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (mFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2), formerly known as T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM-3), is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on the surface of terminally differentiated Th1 cells but not on Th2 cells. It was the first surface molecule that specifically identifies Th1 cells in both the mouse and human. Recently, the identification of Galectin-9 as a ligand for TIM-3 has established the TIM-3-Galectin-9 pathway as an important regulator of Th1 immunity and tolerance induction. Engagement of Tim-3 by its ligand galectin-9 negatively regulates IFN-gamma secretion and influences the ability to induce T cell tolerance in both mice and man. It suggests a novel paradigm in which dysregulation of the TIM-3-galectin-9 pathway could underlie chronic autoimmune disease states, such as multiple sclerosis. Recent work has explored the role of TIM-3 in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and their results indicate that TIM-3 may represent a novel target for the treatment of SLE. Numerous studies have demonstrated that Tim-3 influences autoimmune diseases, including diabetes and multiple sclerosis, and its role in other inflammatory diseases including allergies and cancer is beginning to become clear. In the tumor rejection model, the soluble form of Tim-3 (sTim-3) significantly impaired T cell antitumor immunity, evidenced by decreased antitumor CTL activity and reduced amount of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the tumor. sTim-3 as an immunoregulatory molecule that may be involved in the negative regulation of T cell-mediated immune response.Cancer ImmunotherapyCo-inhibitory Immune Checkpoint TargetsImmune CheckpointImmune Checkpoint Detection: ELISA AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: IP AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: WB AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint ProteinsImmune Checkpoint TargetsImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPH-00811 | Hepatitis delta virus genotype I (HDV) Small delta antigen Protein (His & Myc) | HDV | Yeast | ||
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TMPH-00810 | Hepatitis delta virus genotype I (HDV) Large delta antigen Protein (His & Myc) | HDV | Yeast | ||
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TMPH-00813 | Hepatitis E virus genotype 1 (HEV-1) Secreted protein ORF2 (His) | HEV-1 | Baculovirus | ||
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TMPY-05428 | TIM-3/KIM-3/HAVCR2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2), formerly known as T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM-3), is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on the surface of terminally differentiated Th1 cells but not on Th2 cells. It was the first surface molecule that specifically identifies Th1 cells in both the mouse and human. Recently, the identification of Galectin-9 as a ligand for TIM-3 has established the TIM-3-Galectin-9 pathway as an important regulator of Th1 immunity and tolerance induction. Engagement of Tim-3 by its ligand galectin-9 negatively regulates IFN-gamma secretion and influences the ability to induce T cell tolerance in both mice and man. It suggests a novel paradigm in which dysregulation of the TIM-3-galectin-9 pathway could underlie chronic autoimmune disease states, such as multiple sclerosis. Recent work has explored the role of TIM-3 in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and their results indicate that TIM-3 may represent a novel target for the treatment of SLE. Numerous studies have demonstrated that Tim-3 influences autoimmune diseases, including diabetes and multiple sclerosis, and its role in other inflammatory diseases including allergies and cancer is beginning to become clear. In the tumor rejection model, the soluble form of Tim-3 (sTim-3) significantly impaired T cell antitumor immunity, evidenced by decreased antitumor CTL activity and reduced amount of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the tumor. sTim-3 as an immunoregulatory molecule that may be involved in the negative regulation of T cell-mediated immune response.Cancer ImmunotherapyCo-inhibitory Immune Checkpoint TargetsImmune CheckpointImmune Checkpoint Detection: ELISA AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: IP AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: WB AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint ProteinsImmune Checkpoint TargetsImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-06296 | TIM-3/KIM-3/HAVCR2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc & Avi), Biotinylated | Human | HEK293 | ||
Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2), formerly known as T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM-3), is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on the surface of terminally differentiated Th1 cells but not on Th2 cells. It was the first surface molecule that specifically identifies Th1 cells in both the mouse and human. Recently, the identification of Galectin-9 as a ligand for TIM-3 has established the TIM-3-Galectin-9 pathway as an important regulator of Th1 immunity and tolerance induction. Engagement of Tim-3 by its ligand galectin-9 negatively regulates IFN-gamma secretion and influences the ability to induce T cell tolerance in both mice and man. It suggests a novel paradigm in which dysregulation of the TIM-3-galectin-9 pathway could underlie chronic autoimmune disease states, such as multiple sclerosis. Recent work has explored the role of TIM-3 in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and their results indicate that TIM-3 may represent a novel target for the treatment of SLE. Numerous studies have demonstrated that Tim-3 influences autoimmune diseases, including diabetes and multiple sclerosis, and its role in other inflammatory diseases including allergies and cancer is beginning to become clear. In the tumor rejection model, the soluble form of Tim-3 (sTim-3) significantly impaired T cell antitumor immunity, evidenced by decreased antitumor CTL activity and reduced amount of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the tumor. sTim-3 as an immunoregulatory molecule that may be involved in the negative regulation of T cell-mediated immune response.Cancer ImmunotherapyCo-inhibitory Immune Checkpoint TargetsImmune CheckpointImmune Checkpoint Detection: ELISA AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: IP AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Detection: WB AntibodiesImmune Checkpoint ProteinsImmune Checkpoint TargetsImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-00296 | Hepatitis C virus (HCV) (serotype 1c,isolate HC-G9) E2 Protein (His) | HCV | HEK293 | ||
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TMPJ-00423 | TIM-1/KIM-1/HAVCR1 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) | Mouse | Human Cells | ||
TIM-1/KIM-1/HAVCR belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily that cosisits 305 amino acid (aa). It is expressed by stimulated T-cells. TIM-1/KIM-1/HAVCR may play a role in T-helper cell development and the regulation of asthma and allergic diseases. Receptor for TIMD4. And may have a role in kidney injury and repair. Belongs to the T-cell and airway phenotype regulator (Tapr) locus, a single chromosomal region that confers reduced T-helper type 2 responsiveness and protects against airway hyperactivity (AHR), the hallmark of human asthma.
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TMPY-01161 | TIM-1/KIM-1/HAVCR1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & hFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
HAV cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1), also known as Kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and T cell immunoglobulin mucin 1 (TIM-1), is a type of integral membrane glycoprotein. KIM-1 protein is widely expressed with the highest levels in the kidney and testis. It has been shown to play a major role as a human susceptibility gene for asthma, allergy, and autoimmunity. IgA1lambda is a specific ligand of KIM-1 protein and that their association has a synergistic effect in virus-receptor interactions. KIM-1 involves in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury. It had been confirmed that KIM-1 is a human urinary renal dysfunction biomarker. Moreover, KIM-1 protein is a novel regulatory molecule of flow-induced calcium signaling.
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TMPY-01173 | TIM-1/KIM-1/HAVCR1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (aa 1-135, His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
HAV cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1), also known as Kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and T cell immunoglobulin mucin 1 (TIM-1), is a type of integral membrane glycoprotein. KIM-1 protein is widely expressed with the highest levels in the kidney and testis. It has been shown to play a major role as a human susceptibility gene for asthma, allergy, and autoimmunity. IgA1lambda is a specific ligand of KIM-1 protein and that their association has a synergistic effect in virus-receptor interactions. KIM-1 involves in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury. It had been confirmed that KIM-1 is a human urinary renal dysfunction biomarker. Moreover, KIM-1 protein is a novel regulatory molecule of flow-induced calcium signaling.
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TMPY-01768 | TIM-1/KIM-1/HAVCR1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
HAV cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1), also known as Kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and T cell immunoglobulin mucin 1 (TIM-1), is a type of integral membrane glycoprotein. KIM-1 protein is widely expressed with the highest levels in the kidney and testis. It has been shown to play a major role as a human susceptibility gene for asthma, allergy, and autoimmunity. IgA1lambda is a specific ligand of KIM-1 protein and that their association has a synergistic effect in virus-receptor interactions. KIM-1 involves in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury. It had been confirmed that KIM-1 is a human urinary renal dysfunction biomarker. Moreover, KIM-1 protein is a novel regulatory molecule of flow-induced calcium signaling.
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TMPY-05166 | Hepatitis C virus (HCV) (serotype 1b, isolate HC-J4) Envelope/E2 Protein (His) | HCV | HEK293 | ||
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TMPY-00323 | Hepatitis C virus (HCV-1a) NS3 protease/helicase immunodominant region Protein (aa 1356-1459, GST) | HCV | E. coli | ||
HCV NS3 displays three enzymatic activities: serine protease, NTPase, and RNA helicase. HCV NS3 serine protease, in association with NS4A, is responsible for the cleavages of NS3-NS4A, NS4A-NS4B, NS4B-NS5A, and NS5A-NS5B. HCV NS3 RNA helicase binds to RNA and unwinds dsRNA in the 3' to 5' direction, and likely RNA stable secondary structure in the template strand (By similarity). Cleaves and inhibits the host antiviral protein MAVS. NS3/NS4A complex also prevents phosphorylation of human IRF3, thus preventing the establishment of dsRNA induced antiviral state. One of the HCV proteases, NS3-4A serine protease, is a non-covalent heterodimer consisting of a catalytic subunit (the N-terminal one-third of NS3 protein) and an activating cofactor (NS4A protein) and is responsible for cleavage at four sites of the HCV polyprotein.
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TMPJ-00624 | TIM-3/KIM-3/HAVCR2 Protein, Marmoset, Recombinant (His) | Marmoset | Human Cells | ||
T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM3), also called hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2), is a transmembrane glycoprotein of the TIM family of immune regulating molecules and plays an important role in the Th1-mediated immune response. TIM3 is expressed on the Th1 cells, CD8 T-cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells, but not on Th2 cells. TIM3 expressed by monocytes and dendritic cells facilitates phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and up-regulates cross-presentation of apoptotic cell-associated antigens through interaction with phosphatidylserine. Engagement of TIM3 by its ligand galectin-9 induces a range of immunosuppressive functions which enhance immune tolerance and inhibit anti-tumor immunity. Stimulation of TIM3 with an agonistic antibody promotes inflammation through the activation of innate immune cells. TIM3 is also regarded as a potential target molecule for immunotherapy. TIM3 and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) as two important coinhibitory regulators of T cell responses, have been implicated with the T-cell dysfunction or exhaustion associated with chronic HBV infection including HBV-related HCC.
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TMPJ-00599 | TIM-3/KIM-3/HAVCR2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc & His) | Human | Human Cells | ||
Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2(HAVCR2)is a single-pass type I membrane protein and it contains 1 Ig-like V-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain. The protein belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily, and TIM family of proteins. The protein regulates macrophage activation. It inhibits T-helper type 1 lymphocyte (Th1)-mediated auto- and alloimmune responses and promotes immunological tolerance. It may be also involved in T-cell homing and it is receptor for LGALS9. CD4 (MIM 186940)-positive T helper lymphocytes can be divided into types 1 (Th1) and 2 (Th2) on the basis of their cytokine secretion patterns. Th1 cells and their associated cytokines are involved in cell-mediated immunity to intracellular pathogens and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, whereas Th2 cells are involved in the control of extracellular helminthic infections and the promotion of atopic and allergic diseases. The 2 types of cells also cross-regulate the functions of the other. TIM3 is a Th1-specific cell surface protein that regulates macrophage activation and enhances the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice.
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TMPJ-00174 | TIM-3/KIM-3/HAVCR2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (aa 20-193, His) | Mouse | Human Cells | ||
T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM3), also called hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2), is a transmembrane glycoprotein of the TIM family of immune regulating molecules and plays an important role in the Th1-mediated immune response. TIM3 is expressed on the Th1 cells, CD8 T-cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells, but not on Th2 cells. TIM3 expressed by monocytes and dendritic cells facilitates phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and up-regulates cross-presentation of apoptotic cell-associated antigens through interaction with phosphatidylserine. Engagement of TIM3 by its ligand galectin-9 induces a range of immunosuppressive functions which enhance immune tolerance and inhibit anti-tumor immunity. Stimulation of TIM3 with an agonistic antibody promotes inflammation through the activation of innate immune cells. TIM3 is also regarded as a potential target molecule for immunotherapy. TIM3 and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) as two important coinhibitory regulators of T cell responses, have been implicated with the T-cell dysfunction or exhaustion associated with chronic HBV infection including HBV-related HCC.
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TMPY-04135 | Hepatitis C virus Envelope Glycoprotein E1/HCV-E1 (subtype 1b, strain HC-J4) Protein (His) | HCV | HEK293 | ||
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TMPJ-00173 | TIM-3/KIM-3/HAVCR2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (aa 20-191, His) | Mouse | Human Cells | ||
T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM3), also called hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2), is a transmembrane glycoprotein of the TIM family of immune regulating molecules and plays an important role in the Th1-mediated immune response. TIM3 is expressed on the Th1 cells, CD8 T-cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells, but not on Th2 cells. TIM3 expressed by monocytes and dendritic cells facilitates phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and up-regulates cross-presentation of apoptotic cell-associated antigens through interaction with phosphatidylserine. Engagement of TIM3 by its ligand galectin-9 induces a range of immunosuppressive functions which enhance immune tolerance and inhibit anti-tumor immunity. Stimulation of TIM3 with an agonistic antibody promotes inflammation through the activation of innate immune cells. TIM3 is also regarded as a potential target molecule for immunotherapy. TIM3 and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) as two important coinhibitory regulators of T cell responses, have been implicated with the T-cell dysfunction or exhaustion associated with chronic HBV infection including HBV-related HCC.
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TMPJ-01273 | ACY3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | E. coli | ||
Aspartoacylase 3, also known as ACY3, N-acyl-aromatic-L-amino acid amidohydrolase (carboxylate-forming), Acylase III, Aminoacylase-3, Aspartoacylase-2, Aspartoacylase-2, HCV core-binding protein 1 and ASPA2, is a member of the Aspartoacylase subfamily. ACY3 plays an important role in deacetylating mercapturic acids in kidney proximal tubules and acts on N-acetyl-aromatic amino acids.ACY3 is located in the cytoplasm of S2 and S3 proximal tubules and the apical domain of S1 proximal tubules. ACY3 protein is also expressed at low levels in stomach, testis, heart, brain, lung and liver, and may function as an HCV (Hepatitis C virus) core binding protein.
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TMPY-02702 | ASGR1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
The asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), an endocytotic cell surface receptor expressed by hepatocytes, is triggered by triantennary binding to galactose residues of macromolecules such as asialoorosomucoid (ASOR). ASGPR belongs to the long-form subfamily of the C-type/Ca2+ dependent lectin family. It is a complex of two noncovalently-linked and highly homologous subunits, a major 42 kDa glycoprotein ASGPR1(MHL-1) and a minor 51 kDa glycoprotein ASGR2 (MHL-2). ASGPR1 is synthesized as a type II transmembrane protein that contains a cytosolic N-terminal domain, a single transmembrane segment, and an extracellular domain which contains two important structural regions. The first is a stalk domain that contributes to noncovalent oligomerization, and the second is a Ca2+-dependent carbohydrate binding domain at the very C-terminus that is unusually stabilized by three ions. The research regarded that ASGPR1 could be targeted for anti- hepatitis B virus (HBV) drug development.
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TMPY-05542 | ASGR1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His), Biotinylated | Human | HEK293 | ||
The asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), an endocytotic cell surface receptor expressed by hepatocytes, is triggered by triantennary binding to galactose residues of macromolecules such as asialoorosomucoid (ASOR). ASGPR belongs to the long-form subfamily of the C-type/Ca2+ dependent lectin family. It is a complex of two noncovalently-linked and highly homologous subunits, a major 42 kDa glycoprotein ASGPR1(MHL-1) and a minor 51 kDa glycoprotein ASGR2 (MHL-2). ASGPR1 is synthesized as a type II transmembrane protein that contains a cytosolic N-terminal domain, a single transmembrane segment, and an extracellular domain which contains two important structural regions. The first is a stalk domain that contributes to noncovalent oligomerization, and the second is a Ca2+-dependent carbohydrate binding domain at the very C-terminus that is unusually stabilized by three ions. The research regarded that ASGPR1 could be targeted for anti- hepatitis B virus (HBV) drug development.
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TMPY-00463 | ENPP2 Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (His) | Cynomolgus | HEK293 | ||
ENPP2 (Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2), also referred as Autotaxin, is a secreted enzyme encoded by the ENPP2 gene. This gene product stimulates the motility of tumor cells, has angiogenic properties, and its expression is upregulated in several kinds of carcinomas. The Autotaxin protein is important for generating the lipid signaling molecule lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), which is a potent mitogen, which facilitates cell proliferation and migration, neurite retraction, platelet aggregation, smooth muscle contraction, actin stress formation and cytokine and chemokine secretion. ATX has been found to catalyze the formation of cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA), which have antitumor role by antimitogenic regulation of cell cycle, inhibition of cancer invasion and metastasis. LPA receptors and ATX are upregulated in numerous cancer cell types and show expression patterns that correlate with tumor cell invasiveness. Thus, Autotaxin has recently emerged as an attractive target for the development of anti-cancer chemotherapeutics. In addition, Serum ATX activity was found to be enhanced in relation to hepatic fibrosis in chronic liver disease due to hepatitis virus C infection.
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TMPY-02778 | ENPP2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
ENPP2 (Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2), also referred as Autotaxin, is a secreted enzyme encoded by the ENPP2 gene. This gene product stimulates the motility of tumor cells, has angiogenic properties, and its expression is upregulated in several kinds of carcinomas. The Autotaxin protein is important for generating the lipid signaling molecule lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), which is a potent mitogen, which facilitates cell proliferation and migration, neurite retraction, platelet aggregation, smooth muscle contraction, actin stress formation and cytokine and chemokine secretion. ATX has been found to catalyze the formation of cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA), which have antitumor role by antimitogenic regulation of cell cycle, inhibition of cancer invasion and metastasis. LPA receptors and ATX are upregulated in numerous cancer cell types and show expression patterns that correlate with tumor cell invasiveness. Thus, Autotaxin has recently emerged as an attractive target for the development of anti-cancer chemotherapeutics. In addition, Serum ATX activity was found to be enhanced in relation to hepatic fibrosis in chronic liver disease due to hepatitis virus C infection.
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TMPY-00772 | DC-SIGN Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3 (ICAM-3) grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN), also known as CD209, is a type II transmembrane protein on DCs with a C-type lectin extracellular domain, is capable of binding ICAM-3 on resting T cells in the secondary lymphoid organs, providing the initial contact between these cells during the establishment of cell-mediated immunity. It is not only a pattern recognition receptor but implicated in immunoregulation of DCs. It has an important role in mediating DC adhesion, migration, inflammation, activating primary T cell, triggering immune response and participating in immune escape of pathogens and tumors. DC-SIGN also mediates the capture and internalization of viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens by dendritic cells, such as HIV-1, Ebola virus, cytomegalovirus, Dengue virus, and hepatitis C virus. DC-SIGN is unique in that it regulates adhesion processes, such as DC trafficking and T-cell synapse formation, as well as antigen capture. Moreover, even though several C-type lectins have been shown to bind HIV-1, DC-SIGN does not only capture HIV-1 but also protects it in early endosomes allowing HIV-1 transport by DC to lymphoid tissues, where it enhances trans infection of T cells.Cancer ImmunotherapyImmune CheckpointImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
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TMPY-01032 | CD299 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
C-type lectin domain family 4, member M, also known as DC-SIGNR and CLEC4M, is a type II integral membrane protein that is 77% amino acid identical to DC-SIGN, an HIV gp120-binding protein. Though the encoded gene located in the same chromosome, DC-SIGN is expressed solely on dendritic cells, while DC-SIGNR is predominantly found in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and lymph node, as well as placental endothelium. DC-SIGNR exists as a homotetramer, and the tandem repeat domain, also called neck domain, mediates oligomerization. DC-SIGNR is regarded as a pathogen-recognition receptor involved in peripheral immune surveillance in liver, and probably mediates the endocytosis of pathogens which are subsequently degraded in lysosomal compartments. DC-SIGNR appears to selectively recognize and bind many viral surface glycoproteins containing high mannose N-linked oligosaccharides in a calcium-dependent manner, including HIV-1 gp120, HIV-2 gp120, SIV gp120, ebolavirus glycoproteins, HCV E2, and human SARS coronavirus protein S, as well as the cellular adhesion protein ICAM3. DC-SIGNR has been thought to play an important role in establishing HIV infection by enhancing trans-infection of CD4(+)T cells in the regional lymph nodes. It may affect susceptibility to HIV infection by a mechanism that is different in females and males. DC-SIGNR can bind to hepatitis C virus (HCV), and its polymorphism might affect HCV loads supporting the concept that DC-SIGNR contributes to HCV replication efficacy.
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TMPY-00915 | Serpin A1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
SerpinA1, also known as Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), is a prototype member of the Serpin superfamily of the serine protease inhibitors. This serine protease inhibitor blocks the protease, neutrophil elastase. Alpha-1 antitrypsin is mainly produced in the liver and acts as an antiprotease. Its principal function is to inactivate neutrophil elastase, preventing tissue damage. SerpinA1 (alpha1-antitrypsin), an acute phase protein and the classical neutrophil elastase inhibitor, is localized within lipid rafts in primary human monocytes in vitro. Its association with monocytes is inhibited by cholesterol depleting/efflux-stimulating agents (nystatin, filipin, MbetaCD (methyl-beta-cyclodextrin) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and conversely, enhanced by free cholesterol. Furthermore, SerpinA1/monocyte association per se depletes lipid raft cholesterol as characterized by the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2, formation of cytosolic lipid droplets, and complete inhibition of oxLDL uptake by monocytes. Previous population studies have suggested that heterozygote status for the AAT gene (SerpinA1) is a risk factor for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is a recently identified genetic disease that occurs almost as frequently as cystic fibrosis. It is caused by various mutations in the SerpinA1 gene, and has numerous clinical implications. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is an inherited disease affecting the lung and liver. In the liver, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency may manifest as benign neonatal hepatitis syndrome; a small percentage of adults develop liver fibrosis, with progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Its most important physiologic functions are the protection of pulmonary tissue from aggressive proteolytic enzymes and regulation of pulmonary immune processes.
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TMPH-00743 | PhoP Protein, E. coli, Recombinant (HEK293, His & Myc) | E. coli | HEK293 | ||
Following virus entry into host cell, provides nuclear import of HDV RNPs thanks to its nuclear localization signal. Needs co-infection with hepatitis B virus to provide surface proteins, otherwise there is no packaging or budding. Packages the HDV ribonucleoprotein in hepatitis B virus empty particles. Interacts with both HDV genomic RNA and cytoplasmic tail of HBsAg. May inhibit viral RNA replication.
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TMPY-02285 | Influenza A H1N1 (A/Puerto Rico/8/34/Mount Sinai) Non-structural/NS2 Protein | H1N1 | E. coli | ||
Non-structural protein 2 (NS2) plays a crucial role in the hepatitis C virus (HCV) assembly. NS2 was predicted to be composed of three transmembrane (TM) segments. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 2 (NS2) is a hydrophobic, transmembrane protein that is required not only for NS2-NS3 cleavage but also for infectious virus production.NS2 protein is essential for hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication. NS2 protein was expressed and purified. Aptamers against NS2 protein were raised and antiviral effects of the aptamers were examined. The non-structural protein NS2, also called nuclear export protein, of influenza A virus contains a leucine-rich nuclear export signal that could guide viral ribonucleoproteins to cross the nuclear pore complex (NPC) and complete directional nucleocytoplasmic trafficking.
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TMPH-00779 | IL-23 P19/IL23A Protein, Guinea Pig, Recombinant (His & Myc) | Guinea pig | E. coli | ||
Does not have 2'-5'-OAS activity, but can bind double-stranded RNA. Displays antiviral activity against encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) via an alternative antiviral pathway independent of RNase L.
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TMPH-01468 | SLC31A1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & SUMO) | Human | in vitro E. coli expression system | ||
Mediates the endocytosis of glycoproteins by macrophages. Binds both sulfated and non-sulfated polysaccharide chains.; (Microbial infection) Acts as phagocytic receptor for bacteria, fungi and other pathogens.; (Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for Dengue virus envelope protein E.; (Microbial infection) Interacts with Hepatitis B virus envelope protein.
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TMPY-02193 | GOLPH2/GOLM1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Golgi membrane protein 1, also known as Golgi membrane protein GP73, Golgi phosphoprotein 2, and GOLM1, is a protein that belongs to the GOLM1 / CASC4 family. GOLM1 is widely expressed. It is highly expressed in the colon, prostate, trachea, and stomach. It is expressed at a lower level in testis, muscle, lymphoid tissues, white blood cells, and spleen. It is predominantly expressed by cells of the epithelial lineage. GOLM1 is expressed at a low level in the normal liver. Expression significantly increases in virus (HBV, HCV) infected liver. Expression of GOLM1 does not increase in liver disease due to non-viral causes (alcohol-induced liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis). Increased expression in hepatocytes appears to be a general feature of advanced liver disease. In liver tissue from patients with adult giant-cell hepatitis (GCH), GOLM1 is strongly expressed in hepatocyte-derived syncytial giant cells. GOLM1 is constitutively expressed by biliary epithelial cells but not by hepatocytes.
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TMPK-00189 | TIM-3/KIM-3/HAVCR2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi), Biotinylated | Human | HEK293 | ||
Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2), also known as T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HAVCR2 gene.TIM3 is an immune checkpoint and together with other inhibitory receptors including programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and lymphocyte activation gene 3 protein (LAG3) mediate the CD8 T-cell exhaustion. TIM3 has also been shown as a CD4 Th1-specific cell surface protein that regulates macrophage activation and enhances the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice.
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TMPK-00190 | TIM-3/KIM-3/HAVCR2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (aa 22-200, His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2), also known as T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HAVCR2 gene.TIM3 is an immune checkpoint and together with other inhibitory receptors including programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and lymphocyte activation gene 3 protein (LAG3) mediate the CD8 T-cell exhaustion. TIM3 has also been shown as a CD4 Th1-specific cell surface protein that regulates macrophage activation and enhances the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice.
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