目录号 | 产品详情 | 靶点 | |
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T5623 | Others Endogenous Metabolite | ||
Bisphenol A 是酚类内源性代谢合成物,广泛用于环氧树脂和聚碳酸酯塑料的生产。它是生殖、发育和全身毒性物质,常被归类为内分泌干扰物。它与许多疾病有关,包括呼吸系统疾病、心血管疾病、糖尿病、肾脏疾病、肥胖和生殖障碍。 | |||
T0695 | Apoptosis Estrogen Receptor/ERR Others | ||
Avobenzone (Butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane) 是一种二苯甲酰甲烷内分泌干扰物,可直接与雌激素受体 β 结合,起到雌激素激动剂的作用。它是紫外线波段皮肤光防护防晒霜中应用最广泛的滤光剂之一。 | |||
T4504 | Antibacterial | ||
Triclocarban (Cutisan) 是一种抗菌剂,用于个人清洁产品。它有潜在干扰内分泌的作用,具有调节雄激素和雌激素活性以及其他激素介导的生物过程的能力。 | |||
T7839 | Estrogen Receptor/ERR | ||
Lasofoxifene Tartrate (CP-336156) 是一种非甾体类的雌激素受体选择性调节剂 (SERM)。 | |||
T0787 | Antioxidant Ferroptosis Reactive Oxygen Species | ||
Butylhydroxyanisole (BHA) 是一种抗氧化剂,能介导肝毒性、生殖器官发育和学习迟缓以及睡眠不足,用作食品防腐剂。它也是一种铁死亡诱导剂,能导致大脑和神经发育中断,具有神经毒性。 | |||
T34385 | CaSR | ||
Ronacaleret HCl (SB-751689) 是一种小分子 CaSR 拮抗剂,可用于治疗内分泌与代谢疾病、皮肤和肌肉骨骼疾病。 | |||
T41244 | Antifungal | ||
Triticonazole 是一种三唑类农药。它具有杀菌和干扰内分泌作用。 | |||
TP1035L | Others | ||
Cyclic somatostatin Acetate(38916-34-6(free base)) (Somatostatin-14) 是一种环状十四肽,可调节许多内分泌和神经系统功能。 | |||
T5627 | Others | ||
Methoxychlor 是一种有机氯农药,被认为是一种内分泌干扰物,会影响不同细胞模型中的 Ca²⁺ 稳态和细胞活力。 | |||
TP1035 | Others | ||
Cyclic somatostatin (SRIF-14) 是生长激素释放抑制因子,可用于研究胃十二指肠溃疡出血。 |
目录号 | 产品名/同用名 | 种属 | 表达系统 | ||
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TMPY-00392 | PAM Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM) is highly expressed in neurons and endocrine cells, where it catalyzes one of the final steps in the biosynthesis of bioactive peptides. PAM is also expressed in unicellular organisms such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which do not store peptides in secretory granules. As for other granule membrane proteins, PAM is retrieved from the cell surface and returned to the trans-Golgi network. This pathway involves regulated entry of PAM into multivesicular body intralumenal vesicles (ILVs). Peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM) is an essential enzyme that catalyzes the COOH-terminal amidation of many neuroendocrine peptides.
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TMPY-00756 | FGF-1 Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | E. coli | ||
aFGF, also known as FGF1 and HBGF-1, is a member of the fibroblast growth factor family. The biological activity of aFGF protein is exerted through binding to four high affinity cell surface receptors (FGFR1–4), which results in receptor dimerization and transphosphorylation in the tyrosine kinase domain. aFGF protein shows a wide range of endocrine-like activities. As a multiple function growth factor, this protein is involved in embryo development and tissue repair. Additionally, this protein is considered to function in several important physiological and pathological processes, such as embryonic development, morphogenesis, angiogenesis, wound healing and atheromatosis, carcinogenesis, development, and invasion of cancer.References
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TMPY-01143 | N Cadherin Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins, and they preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells. Cadherin 2 (CDH2), also known as N-Cadherin (neuronal) (NCAD), is a single-pass transmembrane protein and a cadherin containing 5 cadherin domains. N-Cadherin displays a ubiquitous expression pattern but with different expression levels between endocrine cell types. CDH2 (NCAD) has been shown to play an essential role in normal neuronal development, which is implicated in an array of processes including neuronal differentiation and migration, and axon growth and fasciculation. In addition, N-Cadherin expression was upregulated in human HSC during activation in culture, and function or expression blocking of N-Cadherin promoted apoptosis. During apoptosis, N-Cadherin was cleaved into 20-100 kDa fragments. It may provide a novel target for therapies that are directed toward intimal proliferative disorders, including restenosis and vascular bypass graft failure. N-Cadherin is associated with tumor aggressiveness and metastatic potential and may contribute to tumor progression.
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TMPY-03523 | ANGPTL4 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
ANGPTL4, also known as ANGPTL2, is a protein with hypoxia-induced expression in endothelial cells. It contains 1 fibrinogen C-terminal domain and is expressed at high levels in the placenta, heart, liver, muscle, pancreas and lung but expressed poorly in the brain and kidney. ANGPTL4 inhibits proliferation, migration, and tubule formation of endothelial cells and reduces vascular leakage. It may act as a regulator of angiogenesis and modulate tumorigenesis. It inhibits proliferation, migration, and tubule formation of endothelial cells and reduces vascular leakage. It may also exert a protective function on endothelial cells through an endocrine action. ANGPTL4 is directly involved in regulating glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity. In response to hypoxia, the unprocessed form of the protein accumulates in the subendothelial extracellular matrix (ECM). The matrix-associated and immobilized unprocessed form limits the formation of actin stress fibers and focal contacts in the adhering endothelial cells and inhibits their adhesion. It also decreases motility of endothelial cells and inhibits the sprouting and tube formation.
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TMPY-00875 | Leptin Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | E. coli | ||
Leptin is one of the most important hormones secreted by adipocytes, as an adipokine that modulates multiple functions including energy homeostasis, thermoregulation, bone metabolism, endocrine, and pro-inflammatory immune responses. The circulating leptin levels serve as a gauge of energy stores, thereby directing the regulation of energy homeostasis, neuroendocrine function, and metabolism. Recent studies suggest that leptin is physiologically more important as an indicator of energy deficiency, rather than energy excess, and may mediate adaptation by driving increased food intake and directing neuroendocrine function to converse energy, such as inducing hypothalamic hypogonadism to prevent fertilization. One of these functions is the connection between nutritional status and immune competence. The adipocyte-derived hormone Leptin has been shown to regulate the immune response, innate, and adaptive response, both in normal and pathological conditions. Thus, Leptin is a mediator of the inflammatory response. Leptin has a dual effect on bone, acting by two independent mechanisms. As a signal molecule with growth factor characteristics, leptin can stimulate osteoblastic cells and inhibit osteoclast formation and activity, thus promoting osteogenesis. However, as a molecule that stimulates sympathetic neurons in the hypothalamus, leptin indirectly inhibits bone formation. This inhibitory effect of leptin mediated by activation of the sympathetic nervous system can be abrogated by the application of blood pressure-reducing beta-blockers, which also inhibit receptors of hypothalamic adrenergic neurons. Leptin appears to regulate some features defining Alzheimer's disease (AD) at the molecular and physiological level. Leptin can stimulate mitogenic and angiogenic processes in peripheral organs. Because leptin levels are elevated in obese individuals and excess body weight has been shown to increase breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women. Furthermore, a recent report clearly shows that targeting leptin signaling may reduce mammary carcinogenesis.
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TMPK-01150 | Beta Klotho Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) | Mouse | HEK293 | ||
Beta-klotho (KLB) is a coreceptor required for endocrine fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15/19 and FGF21 signaling in the brain. Klb is prominent within the hypothalamus, which is consistent with its metabolic functions, but diverse roles for Klb are now emerging. Central Klb expression is low but discrete and may govern FGF-targeted sites.
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TMPK-01078 | Beta Klotho Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Beta-klotho (KLB) is a coreceptor required for endocrine fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15/19 and FGF21 signaling in the brain. Klb is prominent within the hypothalamus, which is consistent with its metabolic functions, but diverse roles for Klb are now emerging. Central Klb expression is low but discrete and may govern FGF-targeted sites.
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TMPH-00304 | SV2A Protein, Bovine, Recombinant (His & Myc) | Bovine | HEK293 | ||
Plays a role in the control of regulated secretion in neural and endocrine cells, enhancing selectively low-frequency neurotransmission. Positively regulates vesicle fusion by maintaining the readily releasable pool of secretory vesicles.
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TMPK-00050 | Leptin Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (hFc) | Mouse | HEK293 | ||
Leptin has key roles in the regulation of energy balance, body weight, metabolism, and endocrine function. Leptin levels are undetectable or very low in patients with lipodystrophy, hypothalamic amenorrhea, and congenital leptin deficiency (CLD) due to mutations in the leptin gene.
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TMPK-00083 | IGF1/IGF-I Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
The insulin family consists of insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2), their receptors (IR, IGF-1R and IGF-2R), and their binding proteins.Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is a polypeptide hormone produced mainly by the liver in response to the endocrine GH stimulus, but it is also secreted by multiple tissues for autocrine/paracrine purposes.
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TMPY-04675 | SG3/Secretogranin 3, Mouse, Recombinant (His) | Mouse | HEK293 | ||
SCG3, also known as secretogranin 3, is a member of the chromogranin/secretogranin family. Members of this family may serve as precursors for biologically active peptides. SCG3 is transported to secretory granules (SGs) in neuroendocrine cells. SCG3 binds strongly to chromogranin A (CgA) in an intragranular milieu and targets CgA to SGs in pituitary and pancreatic endocrine cells. With a sucrose density gradient of rat insulinoma-derived INS-1 cell homogenates, SgIII is localized to the SG fraction and is fractionated to the SG membrane (SGM) despite lacking the transmembrane region.
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TMPY-01089 | FGF-1 Protein, Mouse, Rat, Recombinant | Mouse,Rat | E. coli | ||
aFGF, also known as FGF1 and HBGF-1, is a member of the fibroblast growth factor family. The biological activity of aFGF protein is exerted through binding to four high affinity cell surface receptors (FGFR1–4), which results in receptor dimerization and transphosphorylation in the tyrosine kinase domain. aFGF protein shows a wide range of endocrine-like activities. As a multiple function growth factor, this protein is involved in embryo development and tissue repair. Additionally, this protein is considered to function in several important physiological and pathological processes, such as embryonic development, morphogenesis, angiogenesis, wound healing and atheromatosis, carcinogenesis, development, and invasion of cancer.References
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TMPK-00139 | Adiponectin Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (hFc) | Mouse | HEK293 | ||
Adiponectin, also known as Acrp30, is an adipocyte-derived protein with wide ranging paracrine and endocrine effects on metabolism and inflammation.Important adipokine involved in the control of fat metabolism and insulin sensitivity, with direct anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory activities. Stimulates AMPK phosphorylation and activation in the liver and the skeletal muscle, enhancing glucose utilization and fatty-acid combustion. Antagonizes TNF-alpha by negatively regulating its expression in various tissues such as liver and macrophages, and also by counteracting its effects.
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TMPK-00554 | Adiponectin Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (His) | Cynomolgus | HEK293 | ||
Adiponectin, also known as Acrp30, is an adipocyte-derived protein with wide ranging paracrine and endocrine effects on metabolism and inflammation.Important adipokine involved in the control of fat metabolism and insulin sensitivity, with direct anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory activities. Stimulates AMPK phosphorylation and activation in the liver and the skeletal muscle, enhancing glucose utilization and fatty-acid combustion. Antagonizes TNF-alpha by negatively regulating its expression in various tissues such as liver and macrophages, and also by counteracting its effects.
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TMPY-00091 | FSH Beta Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a gonadotrope-derived heterodimeric glycoprotein. FSH plays an essential role in processes involved in human reproduction, including spermatogenesis and the ovarian cycle. FSHB represents a conservative vertebrate gene with a unique function and it is located in a structurally stable gene-poor region. Polymorphisms in the follicle stimulating hormone beta subunit (FSHB) and follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) genes might disturb normal spermatogenesis and affect male reproductive ability. The FSHB -211G>T genotype is a key determinant in the regulation of gonadotropins in different reproductive-endocrine pathopyhsiologies.
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TMPY-03994 | SG3/Secretogranin 3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
SCG3, also known as secretogranin 3, is a member of the chromogranin/secretogranin family. Members of this family may serve as precursors for biologically active peptides. SCG3 is transported to secretory granules (SGs) in neuroendocrine cells. SCG3 binds strongly to chromogranin A (CgA) in an intragranular milieu and targets CgA to SGs in pituitary and pancreatic endocrine cells. With a sucrose density gradient of rat insulinoma-derived INS-1 cell homogenates, SgIII is localized to the SG fraction and is fractionated to the SG membrane (SGM) despite lacking the transmembrane region.
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TMPY-04890 | FSH Beta Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a gonadotrope-derived heterodimeric glycoprotein. FSH plays an essential role in processes involved in human reproduction, including spermatogenesis and the ovarian cycle. FSHB represents a conservative vertebrate gene with a unique function and it is located in a structurally stable gene-poor region. Polymorphisms in the follicle stimulating hormone beta subunit (FSHB) and follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) genes might disturb normal spermatogenesis and affect male reproductive ability. The FSHB -211G>T genotype is a key determinant in the regulation of gonadotropins in different reproductive-endocrine pathopyhsiologies.
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TMPY-00149 | PAM Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM) is highly expressed in neurons and endocrine cells, where it catalyzes one of the final steps in the biosynthesis of bioactive peptides. PAM is also expressed in unicellular organisms such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which do not store peptides in secretory granules. As for other granule membrane proteins, PAM is retrieved from the cell surface and returned to the trans-Golgi network. This pathway involves regulated entry of PAM into multivesicular body intralumenal vesicles (ILVs). Peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM) is an essential enzyme that catalyzes the COOH-terminal amidation of many neuroendocrine peptides.
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TMPJ-00740 | PTH Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | E. coli | ||
Parathyroid hormone is the most important endocrine regulator of calcium and phosphorus concentration in extracellular fluid. This hormone is secreted from cells of the parathyroid glands and finds its major target cells in bone and kidney. Another hormone, parathyroid hormone-related protein, binds to the same receptor as parathyroid hormone and has major effects on development. Like most other protein hormones, parathyroid hormone is synthesized as a preprohormone. After intracellular processing, the mature hormone is packaged within the Golgi into secretory vesicles, the secreted into blood by exocytosis. Parathyroid hormone is secreted as a linear protein of 84 amino acids.
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TMPY-03477 | FGF-1 Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant | Cynomolgus | E. coli | ||
aFGF, also known as FGF1 and HBGF-1, is a member of the fibroblast growth factor family. The biological activity of aFGF protein is exerted through binding to four high affinity cell surface receptors (FGFR1–4), which results in receptor dimerization and transphosphorylation in the tyrosine kinase domain. aFGF protein shows a wide range of endocrine-like activities. As a multiple function growth factor, this protein is involved in embryo development and tissue repair. Additionally, this protein is considered to function in several important physiological and pathological processes, such as embryonic development, morphogenesis, angiogenesis, wound healing and atheromatosis, carcinogenesis, development, and invasion of cancer.References
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TMPJ-01113 | RCN2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | Human Cells | ||
Reticulocalbin-2 (RCN2, also named as ERC-55), is a 55-kDa Ca2+-binding protein containing six EF-hands, which was identified to be localized in endoplasmic reticulum. RCN2 is belonging to Reticulocalbin (RCN) family, the family members could play oncogenic roles in human malignancies and facilitate tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. Recently, studies on RCN2 functions mainly focused on its role in differentiation and endocrine regulation in mouse. Another study has suggested that RCN2 could be a potential tumor-associated antigen for mammary cancer immunological prevention. Up to now, the experimental evidence uncovering the role of RCN2 in cancer is very limited.
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TMPJ-01061 | Nucleobindin-2 Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | E. coli | ||
Nesfatin-1 is a metabolic polypeptide encoded in the N-terminal region of the precursor protein, Nucleobindin2 (NUCB2). Nesfatin-1 is a neuropeptide produced in the hypothalamus of mammals. It participates in the regulation of hunger and fat storage. Nesfatin-1 is also expressed in other areas of the brain, and in pancreatic islets β-cells, gastric endocrine cells and adipocytes. Nesfatin-1 suppresses food intake and can regulate energy metabolism in a Leptin independent manner. Nesfatin-1 may also exert hypertensive roles and modulate blood pressure through directly acting on peripheral arterial resistance.
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TMPH-01092 | CHGA Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | Yeast | ||
Strongly inhibits glucose induced insulin release from the pancreas.; Inhibits catecholamine release from chromaffin cells and noradrenergic neurons by acting as a non-competitive nicotinic cholinergic antagonist. Displays antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria S.aureus and M.luteus, and Gram-negative bacteria E.coli and P.aeruginosa. Can induce mast cell migration, degranulation and production of cytokines and chemokines. Acts as a potent scavenger of free radicals in vitro. May play a role in the regulation of cardiac function and blood pressure.; Regulates granule biogenesis in endocrine cells by up-regulating the transcription of protease nexin 1 (SERPINE2) via a cAMP-PKA-SP1 pathway. This leads to inhibition of granule protein degradation in the Golgi complex which in turn promotes granule formation.
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TMPY-03622 | FGF-1 Protein, Canine, Recombinant | Canine | E. coli | ||
aFGF, also known as FGF1 and HBGF-1, is a member of the fibroblast growth factor family. The biological activity of aFGF protein is exerted through binding to four high affinity cell surface receptors (FGFR1–4), which results in receptor dimerization and transphosphorylation in the tyrosine kinase domain. aFGF protein shows a wide range of endocrine-like activities. As a multiple function growth factor, this protein is involved in embryo development and tissue repair. Additionally, this protein is considered to function in several important physiological and pathological processes, such as embryonic development, morphogenesis, angiogenesis, wound healing and atheromatosis, carcinogenesis, development, and invasion of cancer.References
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TMPJ-00947 | RPS19 Protein, Human, Recombinant | Human | E. coli | ||
40S Ribosomal Protein S19 (RPS19) is a ribosomal protein that Belongs to the ribosomal protein S19e family. RPS19 is located in the nucleoli, and higher level expression is seen in colon carcinoma tissue than normal colon tissue. It required for pre-rRNA processing and maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits. RPS19 plays a role in many biological processes, such as endocrine pancreas development, erythrocyte differentiation, mRNA metabolic process. Defects in RPS19 are the cause of Diamond-Blackfan anemia type 1 (DBA1), which is a form of Diamond-Blackfan anemia, a congenital non-regenerative hypoplastic anemia that usually presents early in infancy. Diamond-Blackfan anemia is characterized by a moderate to severe macrocytic anemia, erythroblastopenia, and an increased risk of malignancy.
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TMPY-02945 | Prokineticin 1/EG-VEGF Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
EG-VEGF, also known as prokineticin-1, is a member of the AVIT (prokineticin) family. Prokineticins are secreted proteins that can promote angiogenesis and induce strong gastrointestinal smooth muscle contraction. EG-VEGF can be detected in the steroidogenic glands, ovary, testis, adrenal and placenta. EG-VEGF has little or no effect on a variety of other endothelial and non-endothelial cell types. It induces proliferation, migration and fenestration (the formation of membrane discontinuities) in capillary endothelial cells derived from endocrine glands. It directly influences neuroblastoma progression by promoting the proliferation and migration of neuroblastoma cells. EG-VEGF may play a role in placentation. It may also function in normal and pathological testis angiogenesis. It positively regulates PTGS2 expression and prostaglandin synthesis.
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TMPJ-01415 | ANGPTL4 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (hFc) | Mouse | Human Cells | ||
Angiopoietin-related protein 4(ANGPTL4)is a secreted protein and contains 1 fibrinogen C-terminal domain. The protein may act as a regulator of angiogenesis and modulate tumorigenesis. It inhibits proliferation, migration, and tubule formation of endothelial cells and reduces vascular leakage. ANGPTL4 may exert a protective function on endothelial cells through an endocrine action. It is directly involved in regulating glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity (By similarity). In response to hypoxia, the unprocessed form of the protein accumulates in the subendothelial extracellular matrix (ECM). The matrix-associated and immobilized unprocessed form limits the formation of actin stress fibers and focal contacts in the adhering endothelial cells and inhibits their adhesion. It also decreases motility of endothelial cells and inhibits the sprouting and tube formation.
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TMPY-03703 | N Cadherin Protein, Mouse, Recombinant | Mouse | HEK293 | ||
Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins, and they preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells. Cadherin 2 (CDH2), also known as N-Cadherin (neuronal) (NCAD), is a single-pass transmembrane protein and a cadherin containing 5 cadherin domains. N-Cadherin displays a ubiquitous expression pattern but with different expression levels between endocrine cell types. CDH2 (NCAD) has been shown to play an essential role in normal neuronal development, which is implicated in an array of processes including neuronal differentiation and migration, and axon growth and fasciculation. In addition, N-Cadherin expression was upregulated in human HSC during activation in culture, and function or expression blocking of N-Cadherin promoted apoptosis. During apoptosis, N-Cadherin was cleaved into 20-100 kDa fragments. It may provide a novel target for therapies that are directed toward intimal proliferative disorders, including restenosis and vascular bypass graft failure. N-Cadherin is associated with tumor aggressiveness and metastatic potential and may contribute to tumor progression.
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TMPJ-00741 | PTH Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | Human Cells | ||
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a critical hormone in the regulation of Ca++ homeostasis. Parathyroid hormone is the most important endocrine regulator of calcium and phosphorus concentration in extracellular fluid. This hormone is secreted from cells of the parathyroid glands and finds its major target cells in bone and kidney. Another hormone, parathyroid hormone-related protein, binds to the same receptor as parathyroid hormone and has major effects on development. Like most other protein hormones, parathyroid hormone is synthesized as a preprohormone. After intracellular processing, the mature hormone is packaged with in the Golgi into secretory vesicles, the secreted into blood by exocytosis. In renal epithelium, PTH promotes conversion of Vitamin D to its active form, lowers Ca++ excretion and increases phosphate excretion. PTH also increases hematopoietic stem cell proliferation and mobilization and induces arterial vasodilation by regulating Ca++ influx in PTH1R-expressing arterial smooth muscle.
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TMPY-03941 | FAM3D Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (hFc) | Mouse | HEK293 | ||
Family with sequence similarity 3 (FAM3) family is a novel cytokine-like gene family, which has four genes in this family, FAM3A, FAM3B, FAM3C, and FAM3D, each encoding a protein (224-235 amino acids) with a hydrophobic leader sequence. It had indicated that FAM3B/PANDER (pancreatic derived factor) is highly expressed in pancreas, and FAM3A and FAM3C in almost all tissues. FAM3D is abundantly expressed in placenta and weakly expressed in small intestine. Immunohistochemistry showed that FAM3A is expressed prominently in the vascular endothelium, particularly capillaries. FAM3A and FAM3B protein were both localized to the islets of Langerhans of the endocrine pancreas. Recombinant FAM3B protein has delayed effects on beta-cell function. FAM3C is involved in retinal laminar formation processes in vertebrates. NFATC2, SCP2, CACNA1C, TCRA, POLE, and FAM3D, were associated with narcolepsy. Some of these associations were further supported by gene expression analyses and an association study in essential hypersomnia (EHS), CNS hypersonia similar to narcolepsy.
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TMPY-02042 | FAM3D Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Family with sequence similarity 3 (FAM3) family is a novel cytokine-like gene family, which has four genes in this family, FAM3A, FAM3B, FAM3C, and FAM3D, each encoding a protein (224-235 amino acids) with a hydrophobic leader sequence. It had indicated that FAM3B/PANDER (pancreatic derived factor) is highly expressed in pancreas, and FAM3A and FAM3C in almost all tissues. FAM3D is abundantly expressed in placenta and weakly expressed in small intestine. Immunohistochemistry showed that FAM3A is expressed prominently in the vascular endothelium, particularly capillaries. FAM3A and FAM3B protein were both localized to the islets of Langerhans of the endocrine pancreas. Recombinant FAM3B protein has delayed effects on beta-cell function. FAM3C is involved in retinal laminar formation processes in vertebrates. NFATC2, SCP2, CACNA1C, TCRA, POLE, and FAM3D, were associated with narcolepsy. Some of these associations were further supported by gene expression analyses and an association study in essential hypersomnia (EHS), CNS hypersonia similar to narcolepsy.
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TMPY-03151 | FAM3D Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) | Mouse | HEK293 | ||
Family with sequence similarity 3 (FAM3) family is a novel cytokine-like gene family, which has four genes in this family, FAM3A, FAM3B, FAM3C, and FAM3D, each encoding a protein (224-235 amino acids) with a hydrophobic leader sequence. It had indicated that FAM3B/PANDER (pancreatic derived factor) is highly expressed in pancreas, and FAM3A and FAM3C in almost all tissues. FAM3D is abundantly expressed in placenta and weakly expressed in small intestine. Immunohistochemistry showed that FAM3A is expressed prominently in the vascular endothelium, particularly capillaries. FAM3A and FAM3B protein were both localized to the islets of Langerhans of the endocrine pancreas. Recombinant FAM3B protein has delayed effects on beta-cell function. FAM3C is involved in retinal laminar formation processes in vertebrates. NFATC2, SCP2, CACNA1C, TCRA, POLE, and FAM3D, were associated with narcolepsy. Some of these associations were further supported by gene expression analyses and an association study in essential hypersomnia (EHS), CNS hypersonia similar to narcolepsy.
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TMPY-02640 | FAM3B Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Pancreatic derived factor, also known as FAM3B, is an islet-specific secreted cytokine specifically expressed at high levels in the islets of Langerhans of the endocrine pancreas. FAM3B protein is present in alpha- and beta- cells of pancreatic islets, insulin-secreting beta-TC3 cells, and glucagon-secreting alpha-TC cells. FAM3B causes apoptosis of beta-cells as assessed by electron microscopy, annexin Ⅴ fluorescent staining, and flow-cytometric terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay. FAM3B activated caspase-3 while not affect cytosolic Ca2+levels or nitric oxide levels. Hense, FAM3B may have a role in the process of pancreatic?-cell apoptosis of primary islet and cell lines. FAM3B secretion is regulated by glucose and other insulin secretagogues. This islet-specific secreted cytokine is secreted from both pancreatic alpha- and beta- cells. Glucose stimulates FAM3B secretion dose dependently in beta- cell lines and primary islets but not in alpha-cells. It is likely cosecreted with insulin via the same regulatory mechanisms and structure and conformation is vital for FAM3B secretion.
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TMPY-03692 | N Cadherin Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & hFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins, and they preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells. Cadherin 2 (CDH2), also known as N-Cadherin (neuronal) (NCAD), is a single-pass transmembrane protein and a cadherin containing 5 cadherin domains. N-Cadherin displays a ubiquitous expression pattern but with different expression levels between endocrine cell types. CDH2 (NCAD) has been shown to play an essential role in normal neuronal development, which is implicated in an array of processes including neuronal differentiation and migration, and axon growth and fasciculation. In addition, N-Cadherin expression was upregulated in human HSC during activation in culture, and function or expression blocking of N-Cadherin promoted apoptosis. During apoptosis, N-Cadherin was cleaved into 20-100 kDa fragments. It may provide a novel target for therapies that are directed toward intimal proliferative disorders, including restenosis and vascular bypass graft failure. N-Cadherin is associated with tumor aggressiveness and metastatic potential and may contribute to tumor progression.
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TMPY-04030 | ANGPTL4 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) | Mouse | HEK293 | ||
ANGPTL4, also known as ANGPTL2, is a protein with hypoxia-induced expression in endothelial cells. It contains 1 fibrinogen C-terminal domain and is expressed at high levels in the placenta, heart, liver, muscle, pancreas and lung but expressed poorly in the brain and kidney. ANGPTL4 inhibits proliferation, migration, and tubule formation of endothelial cells and reduces vascular leakage. It may act as a regulator of angiogenesis and modulate tumorigenesis. It inhibits proliferation, migration, and tubule formation of endothelial cells and reduces vascular leakage. It may also exert a protective function on endothelial cells through an endocrine action. ANGPTL4 is directly involved in regulating glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity. In response to hypoxia, the unprocessed form of the protein accumulates in the subendothelial extracellular matrix (ECM). The matrix-associated and immobilized unprocessed form limits the formation of actin stress fibers and focal contacts in the adhering endothelial cells and inhibits their adhesion. It also decreases motility of endothelial cells and inhibits the sprouting and tube formation.
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TMPY-02878 | ANGPTL4 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) | Human | HEK293 | ||
ANGPTL4, also known as ANGPTL2, is a protein with hypoxia-induced expression in endothelial cells. It contains 1 fibrinogen C-terminal domain and is expressed at high levels in the placenta, heart, liver, muscle, pancreas and lung but expressed poorly in the brain and kidney. ANGPTL4 inhibits proliferation, migration, and tubule formation of endothelial cells and reduces vascular leakage. It may act as a regulator of angiogenesis and modulate tumorigenesis. It inhibits proliferation, migration, and tubule formation of endothelial cells and reduces vascular leakage. It may also exert a protective function on endothelial cells through an endocrine action. ANGPTL4 is directly involved in regulating glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity. In response to hypoxia, the unprocessed form of the protein accumulates in the subendothelial extracellular matrix (ECM). The matrix-associated and immobilized unprocessed form limits the formation of actin stress fibers and focal contacts in the adhering endothelial cells and inhibits their adhesion. It also decreases motility of endothelial cells and inhibits the sprouting and tube formation.
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TMPY-02091 | GAD67 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) | Human | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | ||
Glutamate decarboxylase 1, also known as 67 kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase, Glutamate decarboxylase 67 kDa isoform and GAD1, is a member of thegroup II decarboxylase family. GAD1 is expressed in benign and malignant prostatic tissue and may serve as a highly prostate-specific tissue biomarker. GAD1 isoform3 is expressed in pancreatic islets, testis, adrenal cortex, and perhaps other endocrine tissues, but not in brain. Tissue-specific markers are useful for identification of tumour type in advanced cancers of unknown origin. In plants, as in most eukaryotes, glutamate decarboxylase catalyses the synthesis of GABA. Root-specific calcium/calmodulin-regulated GAD1 plays a major role in GABA synthesis in plants under normal growth conditions and in response to stress. Defects in GAD1 are the cause of cerebral palsy spastic quadriplegic type 1 (CPSQ1)which is a non-progressive disorder of movement and/or posture resulting from defects in the developing central nervous system. Affected individuals manifest symmetrical, non-progressive spasticity and no adverse perinatal history or obvious underlying alternative diagnosis.
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TMPY-06375 | Leptin Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (mFc) | Mouse | HEK293 | ||
Leptin is one of the most important hormones secreted by adipocytes, as an adipokine that modulates multiple functions including energy homeostasis, thermoregulation, bone metabolism, endocrine, and pro-inflammatory immune responses. The circulating leptin levels serve as a gauge of energy stores, thereby directing the regulation of energy homeostasis, neuroendocrine function, and metabolism. Recent studies suggest that leptin is physiologically more important as an indicator of energy deficiency, rather than energy excess, and may mediate adaptation by driving increased food intake and directing neuroendocrine function to converse energy, such as inducing hypothalamic hypogonadism to prevent fertilization. One of these functions is the connection between nutritional status and immune competence. The adipocyte-derived hormone Leptin has been shown to regulate the immune response, innate, and adaptive response, both in normal and pathological conditions. Thus, Leptin is a mediator of the inflammatory response. Leptin has a dual effect on bone, acting by two independent mechanisms. As a signal molecule with growth factor characteristics, leptin can stimulate osteoblastic cells and inhibit osteoclast formation and activity, thus promoting osteogenesis. However, as a molecule that stimulates sympathetic neurons in the hypothalamus, leptin indirectly inhibits bone formation. This inhibitory effect of leptin mediated by activation of the sympathetic nervous system can be abrogated by the application of blood pressure-reducing beta-blockers, which also inhibit receptors of hypothalamic adrenergic neurons. Leptin appears to regulate some features defining Alzheimer's disease (AD) at the molecular and physiological level. Leptin can stimulate mitogenic and angiogenic processes in peripheral organs. Because leptin levels are elevated in obese individuals and excess body weight has been shown to increase breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women. Furthermore, a recent report clearly shows that targeting leptin signaling may reduce mammary carcinogenesis.
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